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1.
《现代地质》2016,(1)
西藏改则热那错地区下—中侏罗统色哇组中含粗面玄武岩,元素含量测试表明,其Si O2含量为45.62%~48.46%,Al2O3含量为14.09%~16.51%;Na2O与K2O含量分别为2.68%~4.12%、1.35%~4.73%,K2O/Na2O=0.34~1.77。岩石富集轻稀土元素、亏损重稀土元素,有弱的铕正异常;总体富集Rb、Ba、U等元素,亏损Sr、Yb、Th、Y等元素。地球化学特征表明其形成于大洋板内洋岛环境,岩浆来源于富集地幔,未受或很少受到地壳物质和陆下岩石圈的混染。玄武岩、玄武质砾石、灰岩构成了洋岛型岩石组合,结合色哇组为海底扇沉积环境的观点,可以推断班公湖—怒江洋盆在早—中侏罗世发育成熟洋壳。 相似文献
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内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗阿萨格图火山岩出露于贺根山缝合带迪彦庙蛇绿混杂岩南侧,岩石类型为粗安岩、粗面岩和粗面英安岩。粗安岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素测年获得火山岩形成年龄为132.1±0. 7Ma。岩石地球化学显示火山岩属于钾玄岩系列,岩石高Na2O+K2O(7.61%~10.35%)、高K2O(3.94%~6.04%)、高Al2O3 (16.32%~17.99%)、低TiO2 (0.45%~0.95%),富集Rb、Ba、U等大离子亲石元素（LILE）和轻稀土元素（LREE）,亏损 Nb、Ta 和 Ti等高场强元素（HFSE）。稀土元素含量为109.62×10-6~174.68×10-6,稀土元素配分曲线为右倾式分布。岩石学和岩石地球化学特征表明,阿萨格图地区白垩纪火山岩与洋壳俯冲作用有关,形成于俯冲板片断离—后造山伸展构造背景。古亚洲洋俯冲洋壳析出流体交代上覆地幔形成贺根山缝合带富集地幔,随后的俯冲板片断离—后造山伸展作用触发富集地幔部分熔融产生该钾玄质岩浆。结合贺根山缝合带的壳幔电性结构和晚古生代蛇绿岩—岛弧岩浆岩、中生代后造山A型花岗岩的时空分布与演化,初步建立了该区钾玄质火山岩的板片断离—后造山伸展地球动力学模式。 相似文献
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东准噶尔卡拉麦里SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带受控于卡拉麦里深大断裂,主要由超镁铁质岩体、镁铁质岩脉和火山熔岩组成.超镁铁质岩体主要由地幔方辉橄榄岩组成,并有纯橄岩和铬铁矿矿石产出.超镁铁质岩石具有低SiO2、高MgO、LREE富集的"V"字形和LREE略富集型稀土元素分布模式,具有SSZ(supra subduction zone)型的地幔橄榄岩特征.玄武岩、堆晶辉长岩以及辉长闪长岩岩脉具有低Al2O3、TiO2、K2O+Na2O含量,且K2O＜Na2O,具相对高的MgO和极低的P2O5含量,具低Ti/V比值(10～20)、低的稀土元素丰度和LREE弱亏损型稀土元素配分模式,显示与洋内板块俯冲作用有关的SSZ型蛇绿岩地球化学特征.碱性玄武岩则具有洋岛玄武岩特征,具有高Al2O3、TiO2(2.50%～3.43%,平均3.16%)、K2O+Na2O(7.36%～9.40%)、P2O5(0.509%～1.579%,平均0.80%)和Ti/V(＞50),相对低MgO(1.84%～2.81%,平均2.60%)的特征,富集不相容元素并具高的稀土元素总量和轻稀土元素明显富集的稀土元素配分模式,显示洋岛玄武岩特征,代表了洋盆早期洋内热点作用.卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带反映了哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔联合陆块与西伯利亚板块的古洋盆经历了洋内热点作用和大洋板块洋内俯冲消减的演化过程. 相似文献
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琼中古-中元古代变基性火山岩地球化学特征及其地质意义 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
琼中古—中元古代抱板岩群斜长角闪(片麻)岩为高钾变基性-中基性火山岩。化学成分上具有富钾(K2O/Na2O值大于0.6)、高铝(Al2O3含量高于15%)和低钛(TiO2含量低于1.3%)等特点。岩石的K、Rb、Ba、Th等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素明显富集,LREE/HREE值较高,并具有显著的Ta、Nb、Ti负异常。微量元素和Sm、Nd同位素特征表明,琼中变基性火山岩岩浆源区偏离原始地幔,并且未受成熟地壳物质的明显污染,它们是俯冲消减带上部陆弧区地幔楔受俯冲洋壳析出的流体和硅酸盐融体交代作用后部分熔融的产物。古—中元古代时期,海南地块可能经历了由拉张到挤压的地球动力学转变,早期拉张阶段形成琼西洋脊型和过渡型拉斑玄武岩,中晚期则形成与洋壳俯冲作用相关的琼中岛弧型高钾钙碱性玄武岩,这一过程可能与华南大陆的裂解及随后洋壳向华夏古陆的深俯冲作用有关。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2016,(3)
通过对云南保山二叠纪卧牛寺玄武岩(P1w)的地球化学、岩相学及构造环境等的研究,利用电子探针、地球化学等方法进行了岩石样品检测,显示该套玄武岩w(SiO2)为46.14%~54.12%,w(MgO)为1.84%~7.69%,w(K2O+Na2O)为0.38%~9.75%,且w(Na2O)w(K2O),为钠质碱性玄武岩系列;轻稀土元素相对富集重稀土元素相对亏损,LREE/HREE=4.81~7.6,轻重稀土元素分异较为明显,Eu无明显异常(δEu=0.91~1.04),表明其岩浆在演化过程中斜长石分离结晶很弱,所有样品较强富集Pb,强烈亏损K、P、Ti、Rb和Sr,Ba元素丰度有明显波动。综合研究认为,该套玄武岩为富集地幔石榴石橄榄岩10%~30%部分熔融的产物,形成于大陆裂谷边缘拉张环境,岩浆源于富集地幔的部分熔融并沿断裂通道快速运移至地表迅速凝固的过程中,未经历明显分异或与其他物质的相互作用。 相似文献
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《地球科学进展》2016,(2)
卡拉麦里断裂带西段南侧下石炭统山梁砾石组中基性火山岩分布广泛,呈夹层整合产出。岩石具有变化的Si O2(49.43%~59.08%)、Mg O(3.81%~6.28%)、K2O(0.16%~1.55%)含量,高Ti O2(1.18%~2.49%)、Na2O(2.89%~5.44%)、P2O5(0.21%~0.92%)含量,为玄武岩、玄武安山岩及安山岩,属钙碱性系列。样品具相对高的HFSE含量(Ti,Zr,Y)和高的La/Nb(1.96~2.98)、Zr/Y(3.65~9.36)比值,微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示岩石富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,K和U,Pb,相对亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta和Ti,在球粒陨石稀土元素配分图上,LREE轻微富集,(La/Yb)N=2.04~10.11,弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.87~0.95),显示出该火山岩兼有板内玄武岩和火山弧玄武岩的地球化学特征。结合区域地质背景研究认为,山梁砾石组中火山岩形成于后造山伸展的构造背景,是由先前被俯冲流体交代过的富集地幔发生部分熔融,并有俯冲沉积物参与,经历一定的结晶分异作用和地壳混染后喷出地表而形成,且该区在晚石炭世早期伸展运动最为强烈,火山活动达到顶峰。 相似文献
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对桂北罗城垒洞煌斑岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,获得的岩浆侵位年龄为约100Ma。其高钾(K2O/Na2O=15.7~24.0),富碱[w(K2O+Na2O)=6.18%~8.25%],富集大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损高场强元素、Sr及重稀土元素,高(87Sr/86Sr)i(0.718 832~0.719 730),低εNd(t)(-9.15~-8.97),富集放射性Pb的特征,显示源区可能为早期俯冲交代作用形成的EMⅡ型富集地幔,该富集地幔形成于新元古代扬子和华夏地块的俯冲作用。煌斑岩岩浆的形成与华南陆块在白垩纪(100Ma)伸展拉张的背景下软流圈上涌促使这些富集地幔部分熔融有关。区域上NNE向的深大断裂为岩浆侵位提供了良好的通道。 相似文献
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云南澜沧老厂隐伏花岗斑岩体地球化学特征及构造环境 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
详细阐述了老厂隐伏花岗斑岩的地球化学特征,利用图解判别了其形成的构造环境,并初步探讨其成因机制。老厂花岗斑岩SiO2含量(68.09%~73.48%)与中国花岗岩平均值基本相当,富碱(Na2O+K2O为7.73%~8.51%),富钾(K2O/Na2O为1.85~25.8),属酸性偏铝质高钾钙碱性系列岩浆岩。轻稀土元素中等富集,重稀土元素相对亏损,(La/Yb)N=12.01~24.85,δEu=0.79~0.99(为弱负异常),稀土元素分布曲线为平滑的右倾曲线。通过花岗斑岩地球化学特征、图解判别、锆石标型特征等的综合研究,认为老厂隐伏花岗斑岩体是以壳源为主的壳幔源混合成因花岗斑岩,形成于青藏高原新生代碰撞造山主碰撞阶段区域挤压机制下的主碰撞构造环境。碰撞激发深部地幔局部熔融,使熔融体沿穿透性构造发育的早期裂谷带轴部上涌,成为构造-岩浆-热事件的主要驱动力;地幔物质涌入,向下地壳注入新生物质,诱发下地壳物质熔融,形成壳幔混合源富钾含矿岩浆。 相似文献
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滇西哀牢山镇沅煌斑岩~(40)Ar-~(39)Ar年代学和地球化学特征 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
滇西镇沅煌斑岩呈岩脉状产出于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带南段。不同脉体的矿物组合特征相似,均为云煌岩。煌斑岩黑云母40Ar-39Ar坪年龄结果为35.69±0.40Ma和36.21±0.43Ma,与区域富碱斑岩年代一致。煌斑岩Si O2含量为43.26%~47.66%,K2O+Na2O含量为6.39%~8.22%,K2O/Na2O比值为3.68~5.55,属于碱性、高钾钙碱性系列。岩石富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、K、Sr)和轻稀土元素(LREE);相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr)和重稀土元素(HREE);LREE/HREE为6.32~7.44,δEu为0.80~0.91;Nb/U值为1.15~2.18,接近俯冲带含水流体的Nb/U比值(Nb/U≈0.22)。La/Sm比值与La值具有弱的正相关趋势。岩石学和地球化学特征显示,哀牢山古特提斯洋壳俯冲交代作用形成的富集地幔,在新生代三江地区岩石圈地幔拆沉-软流圈上涌形成的伸展背景下经过部分熔融,上升侵位形成煌斑岩脉。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献