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降水入渗补给量是平原地区水资源的重要组成部分,研究年补给量系列的计算和插补延长方法,对于提高水资源评价的精度和实用性具有重要的意义。本文以华北平原大量的地下水动态观测和均衡场试验资料为基础,分析了不同岩性区的年降水入渗补给系数与年降水量、地下水埋深的定量关系,提出了分区年降水量与入渗补给量的相关曲线的绘制方法,从而解决了年降水入渗补给量系列的计算和插补延长问题。最后,还对相关线型的合理性进行了论证。 相似文献
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在对大量水文气象资料统计计算和系列代表性分析的基础上，综合出了山东省各暴雨分区不同历时的定点定面雨量关系，初步揭示了山东地区定点定面雨量关系的特点和变化规律，这不仅为资料短缺地区进行设计代水计算提供了可靠依据，也为山东地区提供了设计暴雨点面雨量关系的研究成果。 相似文献
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任丘市由于受暖温带大陆性季风影响,降水量变化剧烈。对9处观测年份较长雨量观测站,1956-2015年降水系列进行代表性分析显示:1956-2015年系列具有良好的代表性。通过对1956-2015年系列的均值、CV值、Cs/Cv值进行计算,并对60 a降水特征和变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:60 a来降水量主要集中在东部和北部,西部降水较小,空间分布呈现自东向西逐渐减少的趋势;年际分布不均,主要表现为丰枯交替,其中1956-1964年该市处于丰水期,1964年为极值年份,之后降水量呈递减趋势。 相似文献
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降水观测误差修正对降水变化趋势的影响 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
依据中国气象局国家气候数据中心提供的660个气象站1951-2004年逐日气温、降水、风速资料, 以及雨雪类型资料, 在乌鲁木齐河源降水误差对比观测试验基础上, 对我国的降水资料进行了系统的修正计算. 这一修正不仅使降水量在数量上增加, 更接近实际值, 同时由于相关气象要素的变化, 还会对降水的长期变化趋势产生影响, 通过对比分析原始观测降水系列和修正后的降水系列的长期变化趋势, 结合理论分析估计这一影响的大小.结果表明: 我国观测和修正后的全国面积加权平均降水量分别为565.2 mm和654.9 mm, 平均修正量为89.7 mm (16%);修正后的降水系列, 绝对趋势大于实际观测系列趋势, 而相对趋势则小于观测系列. 全部台站统计结果表明, 实际的降水变化趋势被低估了6%, 而相对变化趋势被高估了约10%. 同时, 由于我国大部分地区风速呈减少趋势, 导致降水观测误差减小, 结果实际的降水变化趋势远小于观测资料显示的趋势值, 1955-2004年全国实测降水的变化趋势为-1.9 mm·(10a)-1, 而修正后降水的变化趋势高达-6.0 mm·(10a)-1. 目前依据实测的降水观测资料得出的降水变化趋势远远小于实际的变化趋势. 相似文献
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应用回归分析方法推求降水入渗补给系数 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
降水入渗补给系数是地下水资源计算的重要参数之一。目前利用地下水动态资料推求降水入渗补给系数的方法最多，可是在现状地下水开采条件下，地下水动态已改变了其天然状态，降水后的地下水动态已不能真正反映降水入渗补给所引起的地下水位回升，通过动态资料直接推求降水入渗补给系数就显得较为困难。为了消除现状条件的影响，应用部分无影响的动态资料，建立起降水量与地下水位升幅值之间的回归方程，通过插补计算推求降水入渗补给系数，为地下水资源计算提供可靠的依据。 相似文献
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针对常用的利用降水入渗系数法确定的降水入渗补给量不随降水频率等因素而变化的弊端,利用郑州市地下水均衡试验场地中渗透仪长时间观测的系列资料,通过对降水—降水入渗补给量进行系统响应分析,建立了4种岩性、5个水位埋深的年际和月际的降水—降水入渗补给响应函数.研究结果表明,根据当期及前期的年、月降水量数据,利用系统响应分析法建立的降水入渗补给函数能比较准确地计算相应地区的降水入渗补给量. 相似文献
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结合工程实例，介绍轻型井点降水在数量、周期等方面的计算方法，对软土地层轻型井点降水的设计和施工有一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献