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1.
龙岗区岩溶塌陷灾害及对土地资源开发利用的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
龚进军 《水文地质工程地质》2001,28(5):53-55
通过对深圳市龙岗区岩溶塌陷灾害的系统工程地质调查，阐明了岩溶塌陷灾害的地质环境和成因机理，系统分析了岩溶塌陷灾害的分布发育特征和危害性，在此基础上，探讨了岩溶塌陷灾害对城市土地资源可持续开发利用的影响。 相似文献
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随着城市化进程不断加快,城市地下空间安全问题引起广泛关注。本文以影响地下空间安全的典型灾害-地面塌陷为例,开展可能性风险评估研究,为降低地面塌陷灾害损失提供理论支撑。城市地面塌陷成因复杂,为了保证评价过程和结果的客观全面,通过调研对塌陷引发因素进行了总结,从管道因素、病害体因素、环境因素三个方面建立风险发生可能性评价指标体系,并使用AHP-熵权法-灰色关联法组合评价,建立地面塌陷风险评价模型。将该模型应用于郑州市典型地下空洞工程案例进行评估分析,结果表明:地面塌陷风险评价结果与实测结果相符,证明了评估模型的科学性,同时为城市地面塌陷预防提供了决策参考。 相似文献
3.
江西萍乡素有“江南煤都”之称,曾是近代中国十大矿厂之一,为国家的社会经济发展做出过突出贡献,同时也在采煤区造成了严重的地面塌陷灾害,形成了6个相对独立的地面塌陷“盆地”,分别为:安源—髙坑塌陷区、青山塌陷区、白源塌陷区、巨源塌陷区、黄冲—焦源塌陷区和杨桥塌陷区,塌陷总面积79.7km2。塌陷区内房屋、道路、市政设施、农田、水利等设施遭受了较严重的破坏。本文较全面地阐述和分析了研究区地面塌陷灾害的现状和成因,对地面塌陷灾害的发展趋势作了初步预测,并提出了地面塌陷灾害的综合治理建议。 相似文献
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烟台市地面变形灾害特征及其防治对策探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
自20世纪80年代以来,山东省烟台市相继出现了地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等地面变形灾害,给当地人民造成了巨大的经济损失,本文对烟台市地面塌陷、地裂缝、地面沉降等地面变形的特征、成因、危害及其防治对策进行了系统的分析,对产生这些灾害的主要原因和防治措施进行了探讨。 相似文献
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近几年,北京市海淀区香山村普安店地区发生了多起地面塌陷灾害,造成了一定的财产损失和人员受伤,引起了当地居民的恐慌与不安。通过调查,确定导致地面塌陷的原因为岩溶塌陷,并分析了引起岩溶塌陷发生的主要成因,提出防治对策和建议。 相似文献
6.
刘心彪 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2007,18(3):77-81
甘肃省华亭县开采煤炭资源历史悠久,在采煤区造成了严重的地面塌陷灾害,形成华亭和安口2个塌陷区,塌陷总面积达19.34km2。塌陷区内房屋、道路、市政设施、农田、水利等设施遭受了较严重的破坏,严重的制约着社会经济的发展和威胁着人民群众的生命安全。文章在阐明区内地质环境条件的基础上,指出了采空塌陷的成因是由地质环境条件和采煤工程活动共同决定,地质环境条件为内因,采煤工程活动为外因,内因决定了它的分布区域,外因则控制它的发育程度。采煤诱发地震在地面塌陷形成发展过程中发挥了推波助澜的作用。最后,对地面塌陷灾害的发展趋势作了初步预测,并提出了地面塌陷灾害的综合治理建议。 相似文献
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岩溶地面塌陷是岩溶发育地区常见的地质灾害类型。岩溶塌陷对基础设施和人民生命财产安全构成极大威胁。文章以贵港市北环新村岩溶地面塌陷灾害为例,采用地质分析与颗粒流离散元数值模拟相结合的方法,研究岩溶塌陷成因与致灾规律。结果表明:本次塌陷是由多类因素共同导致,主要包括地质环境、地下水位波动与管道渗漏及工程建设活动等;白云岩、灰岩差异性风化所形成的粉砂质土极易诱发土洞与岩溶塌陷灾害;塌陷灾害可分为土洞形成阶段、土洞发展阶段和土洞塌陷阶段,其土洞规模、形状及影响存在显著差别;土洞形成发展过程中,地表沉降量从塌陷中心向四周逐渐减小,存在明显的沉降敏感区,塌坑边缘的竖向临空面存在拉应力作用,极易再次诱发塌陷。研究成果可为岩溶地面塌陷灾害防控与预警提供一定的理论参考。 相似文献
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《上海国土资源》2019,(4)
上海脆弱的地质环境条件下,地下管线的密集分布、地下空间的大规模开发等给城市地质安全带来了严峻的挑战。本文从浅部砂层分布区多发的地面塌陷灾害入手,系统进行了灾害的典型特征和影响要素调查,开展了地面塌陷灾害风险评价和隐患监测预警等防控研究。对涉及的工程地质和水文地质、地下管线和地下空间、气象水文、基础地理信息、人为工程活动和人为抵御风险能力等指标数据,从危险性和易损性两个方面构建风险评价指标体系,以ArcGIS程序为平台,形成上海市地面塌陷灾害风险等级区划。对地面塌陷影响要素如地质条件、地下设施等深入调查,建立基础数据体系和风险区划的完善和细化,在此基础上综合运用探地雷达、三维激光扫描、自动化监测等多种手段,对地下设施、地下空洞、土体位移、地下水位等不同对象的异常进行调查监测,实现地面塌陷灾害有效预警。相关研究成果在服务于城市精细化管理和城市安全运行方面有重要意义,推动了上海地面塌陷灾害防控逐步向整体性、长期性、系统性方向转变。 相似文献
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辽宁省地面塌陷类型,危害成因与防治对策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
杨文才 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》1998,9(4):42-47
本文对地面塌陷的类型,危害与成因以及影响的因素进行了探讨,并提出了地面塌陷的防治对策。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献