共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 781 毫秒
1.
基于升级后的EC细网格TP降水量预报产品,对北疆2015年17场降雪天气的12h累积降雪量,主要运用平均误差、平均绝对误差和均方根误差进行了检验。结果表明,该模式在北疆降雪天气预报中小雪的预报准确率最高,暴雪最小;预报准确率随时效的延长并非都是减小的;小雪空报率较高、暴雪漏报率较高,中雪和大雪空报率和漏报率都不容忽视;小雪和中雪的3种误差均较小,随时效的延长变化较小;强降雪(大雪及以上量级)的误差较大,随时效的延长有增大的趋势;模式对小雪的预报总体为系统性偏大,对强降雪预报则为明显的系统性偏小,对中雪的预报系统性偏向不稳定。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
采用2013—2018年5—9月ECMWF细网格资料和阿勒泰地区36次短时强降水资料,用Micaps平台的模式探空模块计算T-log P图及其对流参数,运用统计学方法进行了误差检验。结果表明:模式探空T-log P图48 h预报时效内一致性较高(72%),尤其是24 h预报时效内(92%);72 h预报时效内总指数和干暖盖指数及垂直风切变、60 h预报时效内沙氏指数、48 h预报时效内风暴相对螺旋度和36 h预报时效内850与500 hPa温度差、对流温度、最大抬升指数、抬升指数以及24 h预报时效内K指数、700与850 hPa假相当位温差、大风指数等对流参数的3种误差均较小(3.5),相关系数较高(0.60),特别是沙氏指数、K指数、700与850 hPa假相当位温差、垂直风切变和风暴相对螺旋度的3种误差1.5。T-log P图的一致性随时效的延长而减小,对流参数的误差随预报时效的延长变化不一致,在强对流潜势预报业务中注意订正运用。 相似文献
5.
本文对2013年1～12月ECMWF细网格2米温度在新疆区域的预报效果进行了统计检验。结果表明：ECMWF细网格2米温度预报为系统性偏高,预报效果随预报时效的延长而逐渐变差。三天内温度预报的绝对误差小、预报准确率高,对实际温度预报有很好指导作用;七天内温度预报的绝对误差较小,预报准确率较高,对实际温度预报具有参考价值;八到十天预报误差大、准确率低,对实际温度预报参考价值不大。温度预报精度在蒙古国西部最低,北疆盆地次之,南疆盆地最高。 相似文献
6.
《湖北气象》2018,(6)
评估分析了欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)细网格模式(以下简称EC-thin)在长三角地区汛期(5—9月)的暴雨预报评分及ECMWF降水极端天气预报指数(EFI)对暴雨预警的指示作用。研究发现:(1) EC-thin降水和降水EFI对暴雨预报的ETS评分随着预报时效的延长而明显降低,在短时效内,细网格模式降水预报占优,超过60 h后,降水EFI的评分相对更好。(2)对EC-thin降水而言,在不同的预报时效采用不同的降水阈值来预报暴雨,可望达到最佳的评分效果。短期时效内该阈值随着预报时效的延长,大致从55 mm逐渐下降到35 mm。(3)对于降水EFI而言,12—36 h内EFI为0.65～0.7时,暴雨预报ETS评分最高。随着预报时效的延长逐渐下降,60—84 h内EFI为0.55～0.6时,暴雨预报ETS评分最高。(4)在不同预报时效内,采用合理的方式和阈值综合考虑EC-thin降水和降水EFI,可望得到更高的暴雨预报评分。 相似文献
7.
2012年4月,ECMWF细网格（0.25o×0.25o）数值预报产品投入新疆天气预报业务化应用。本文通过对ECMWF细网格模式LSP大尺度降水预报产品在2012年前冬3场暴雪天气中的预报效果分析检验得出：LSP预报的暴雪量值总体偏小,提前1 d较提前2 d的预报效果有所改善,较早时次的预报结果也有一定的应用价值;暴雪预报的开始时间偏早3h左右,结束时间相对准确;LSP累计降水量级检验提前2 d和分级降水检验提前12 h的暴雪预报准确率较高,空报率较低。在观测站点相对密集的成片暴雪天气中,LSP预报的暴雪落区和量级较为准确,零散暴雪点的预报效果相对较差。检验分析结果可为ECMWF细网格降水预报产品的释用提供一定的参考,为业务人员制作北疆暴雪天气的定点、定时、定量预报提供一定依据。 相似文献
8.
利用2016年1月1日—2018年12月31日ECMWF细网格模式2 m温度预报产品，使用三次多项式差值方法内插到站点，并用中短期天气预报检验方法，对南疆西部12个国家站与15个区域自动站共27个站的最高、最低气温未来24 h预报效果进行检验分析。结果表明：ECMWF细网格模式2 m温度预报产品对南疆西部非山区站未来24 h最高、最低气温的预报能力较好，对山区站未来24 h预报效果差；对南疆西部最高、最低气温的预报效果随季节变化，夏季预报准确率高于冬季，秋季预报准确率最低；模式最高气温预报准确率在降雪、高温天气时较高，最低气温预报准确率在降雨时较高，在高温过程中较低；模式对于降雨、降雪、大风/沙尘等天气最高气温预报偏低，高温事件中最高气温预报偏高。最低气温预报在降雨、高温天气中偏高，降雪时偏低，大风/沙尘天气最低气温预报偏东地区偏高、偏北地区偏低。降雪、高温天气预报相对降雨、大风/沙尘天气预报效果更稳定。 相似文献
9.
针对宁波市326个站点,对空间分辨率为0.125°×0.125°的ECMWF细网格气温模式产品中2019年1月-2021年6月08时和20时2个不同起报场0~72h时效的预报产品进行时空检验和误差分析。结果表明:(1)08时和20时2个不同起报场72h内每天14时的均方根误差和平均绝对值误差最大,20时和08时次之,02时最小;(2)5类土地利用类型中林地的预报气温与地面站点气温的误差最大,水体次之,另3类相差不大;(3)误差空间分布不均匀,沿海地区误差相对较小,西部山区、海曙、奉化等个别站点误差较大;(4)DEM和距海距离与均方根误差和平均绝对误差的相关系数基本为正。 相似文献
10.
对比检验了ECMWF和T639对2016年1月23—24日强寒潮天气过程的中期预报能力,表明ECMWF和T639 216h时效500hPa高度场的预报能刻画出西高东低的环流形势,ECMWF预报比实况偏晚,高低压中心比实况偏弱,T639预报比实况偏快,低压中心值比实况偏强,96h时效的高度场预报均基本接近实况。ECMWF 168h时效850hPa冷中心强度、气温梯度与实况相等,冷中心比实况偏东5个经度,T639 144h时效气温梯度比实况偏小,冷中心比实况偏东5个经度,48h时效的预报均与实况非常接近,等温线重合度很高。ECMWF 192h时效的海平面气压场冷高压中心位置及中心强度与实况一致,只是1060hPa及以上的区域比实况偏小。T639 192h时效的海平面气压场冷高压中心比实况偏南7个纬度,中心强度比实况偏强2.5 hPa,等压线走向及梯度与实况类似。24h内短期时效对比检验T639、ECMWF、山东WRF确定性预报（EnWRF）、WRF集合不同分位数的最低气温、最大风力和降水预报可知,WRF集合最小值预报最低气温评分最高,WRF集合较大值对大风力的预报准确率最高,Japan模式对降水落区预报较好,EnWRF很好地预报了较强降水区域,T639和ECMWF细网格对2mm降雪量预报效果较好。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献