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利用历年气象资料,运用数理统计方法,分析了湖北省1951—2010年水稻高温热害的动态变化,探讨了气候变化背景下高温热害的演变趋势与规律。结果表明,鄂东部、江汉平原部分地区水稻高温热害发生趋于频繁,且除西南部地区外的湖北省其他地区水稻高温热害最大概率出现的时间均有明显的提前,甚至每10a提前1d以上。最后,利用ArcGIS对湖北省的水稻高温热害变化趋势和风险程度进行了区划。 相似文献
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以中国南方设施番茄为研究对象,利用1990—2019年3—9月359个气象站点的气象资料、温室小气候实测资料以及高温控制试验资料,通过BP神经网络模拟南方塑料大棚内日最高气温,结合高温控制试验资料,采用相关性分析和主成分分析方法,构建适用于中国南方设施番茄高温热害等级指标体系,开展设施番茄高温热害风险区划。结果表明:1990—2019年高温热害发生频率增加趋势不显著,轻度高温热害发生频率最高,其次是中度高温热害,各等级高温热害发生频率变化趋势均不显著,且年际变化较大。南方设施番茄高温热害高风险区主要分布在广东西部和东部、广西东部和西部以及云南北部、中部和南部;次高风险区分布在湖南南部、广西大部、广东中北部、江西南部以及福建;中度风险区分布在湖南中北部、江西北部、浙江、安徽、湖北、重庆;其他地区为低风险区。 相似文献
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以江西早稻为例,利用1981—2016年气象资料、早稻高温热害灾情史料和生育期资料,构建历史早稻高温热害样本集合,在Kolmogorov-Smirnov（K-S）分布拟合检验的基础上,采用信息扩散方法计算得到早稻高温热害总样本和不同持续日数（3~5 d,6~8 d和8 d以上）不同等级（轻度、中度、重度）热害在早稻抽穗期前后的发生概率。结果表明:早稻高温热害起始于抽穗前6 d至抽穗后20 d,抽穗扬花期发生概率最高,随着早稻进入乳熟期高温热害发生概率逐渐降低。早稻抽穗扬花期持续3~5 d早稻高温热害以轻度、中度为主,5 d以上中度、重度高温热害发生概率为98.77%;随着早稻进入乳熟期,高温热害以中度和轻度为主,重度高温热害概率显著降低。早稻轻度高温热害的主要致灾时段为抽穗至灌浆中期,中度高温热害的主要致灾时段为抽穗至灌浆中前期,而重度高温热害的主要致灾时段为孕穗期至灌浆初期。 相似文献
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利用江苏省及周边共85个气象站观测资料，筛选出夏季高温强度、持续时间、降水量和日照时数作为高温热害的关键气象因子，构建高温热害综合指数。在此基础上，利用高温热害发生频率和河蟹因灾死亡率加权建立风险评估模型，将河蟹高温热害风险划分为三个等级，结合地形和土壤的适宜性，最终得出江苏河蟹高温热害风险区划图。结果发现，河蟹高温热害的高风险区位于以高淳为中心的江苏西南部，沿淮和淮北东部沿海地区风险值最低，淮北西部—沿江东部的风险值介于二者之间。年代际高风险区面积有逐渐扩大趋势，1991年以来已外扩到沿江和苏南大部分地区，达到历史极值。河蟹高温热害风险增大，需加强防范。 相似文献
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基于信息扩散理论的长江中下游地区高温热害风险分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
基于长江中下游地区85个站点1961—2008年水稻减产率,采用基于信息扩散理论的信息分配方法,研究长江中下游地区水稻高温热害风险的年代际变化和空间分布。结果表明,20世纪60年代风险值相对较小,高温热害发生较少,2000年以后风险值较大,灾情较重,高温热害风险的变化呈增加的趋势。发生高温热害风险较大的地区主要位于研究区的安徽、浙江、湖北西部和东部以及江西东北部和中部地区。其中,浙江丽水和湖北宜昌地区风险值都超过了0．25;江苏东南部、湖南西南和东北部地区属于高温热害风险较低的地区。 相似文献
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利用铜川市1990—2019年国家基本站气象观测资料,依据前人研究所得的苹果各类气象灾害等级划分标准,分析铜川市近30 a苹果晚霜冻、高温热害、连阴雨、干旱等气象灾害特征。结果表明：（1）1990—2019年铜川市苹果晚霜冻灾害、高温热害、连阴雨灾害均为先增多后减少趋势,而干旱灾害的强度先减弱后增强;（2）苹果晚霜冻与连阴雨灾害均为北多南少;高温热害北少南多,南北差异显著;干旱灾害强度为中部弱,南部、北部强。研究结果可为铜川市苹果气象灾害防御提供理论依据,为铜川地区苹果产业发展提供科学指导。 相似文献
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高温热害是长江流域最主要的气象灾害之一,科学评估热害风险是防灾减灾的基础。本文利用近60年气象观测资料,对湖北高温热害的时空分布特征进行了分析;基于自然灾害风险基本理论,建立了包括影响水稻结实率关键期的热害强度、灾害发生时承灾体实际暴露度、灾害脆弱性等因素的高温热害风险评价模型,并进行了风险分析与区划。结果表明：高温天气出现概率高的时段是7月下旬,其中7月第6候为最高。从高温热害风险指数上来看,7月第3候抽穗开花水稻的热害风险最高,此后随时间的推移,热害风险降低;湖北现行的一季中稻抽穗开花期处于风险较高的时段,推迟5天其热害风险指数可下降20%左右;推迟15天以上热害风险指数将降低50%以上。江汉平原稻区是湖北高温热害风险低发地区,鄂东南及鄂西北地区是热害风险高发地区;针对各区热害特点提出了风险应对措施。 相似文献
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利用金华地区1953—2020年地面气象观测数据和农业统计资料,分析浙江省金华地区茶树春季霜冻、冬季冻害和夏季高温热害等灾害的时空分布,对气象灾害综合风险进行了评估,同时利用Mann Kendall方法对春季霜冻变化趋势和突变进行了验证。结果表明：金华地区茶树春季霜冻和冬季冻害高发地区集中于磐安、东阳和武义等高海拔地区;夏季高温热害的高发地区主要集中于浦江等平原盆地地区;茶树种植气象灾害综合高风险地区主要集中于磐安、浦江西北部、婺城区南部和武义西部。金华地区茶树春季霜冻灾害发生概率呈逐年减小趋势,有利于早茶生长以及产量和品质的提升。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献