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1.
卫星观测的OLR对夏季青藏高原月雨量及凝结潜热的估算 总被引：9，自引：7，他引：9
本文用美国NOAA1974年6月—1984年5月(其中1978年3—12月缺测)2.5×2.5经纬度网格月平均OLR资料,以及同期青藏高原上83个站的月总降水量资料,分析发现在夏季(6—9月)两者在空间和年际变化上都有密切的负相关,而地面测站数量和高山积雪对上述相关系数的影响较小。分区求得的回归方程,可以较好地估算高原雨季的平均降水量及相应的总潜热。 相似文献
2.
青藏高原东部雨季OLR与降水变化特征及相关分析 总被引：1，自引：6，他引：1
利用美国NOAA系列气象卫星观测的1974年6月—2003年12月(其中1978年3~12月缺测)2.5°×2.5°经纬网格月平均射出长波辐射(OLR)资料,以及青藏高原上84个测站同期月总降水量资料,采用EOF方法,取前3个载荷向量及主分量讨论其空间和时间变化特征。结果表明:(1)在雨季(5~9月)降水量的高值中心与OLR的低值中心基本重合,OLR可以较好地反映降水情况。(2)近30年雨季高原台站平均降水量呈增加趋势,高原平均OLR有减小趋势,两者在时间变化上有较好的反相关性。(3)在雨季,高原OLR东南部低,西北部高;降水量的分布则相反,是东南多西北少,OLR低值中心与降水高值中心相对应,在高原主体两者之间的相关系数达到了-0.35以上(通过α=0.05显著性水平检验)。(4)降水与OLR在整体空间特征中呈相反趋势,结合主分量(PC1~PC3)的变化,可以得到高原北部降水减少,南部增加;而OLR则相反,北部增大、南部减小。OLR与降水的空间异常特性呈相反变化分布,这进一步揭示了在高原雨季OLR与降水两者的负相关关系。 相似文献
3.
高原东部凝结潜热及其对北半球500hPa高度场和我国汛期降水的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用1961—2005年青藏高原东部雨季凝结潜热序列进一步分析其气候特征及其对后期北半球大气环流和中国汛期降水的影响。结果表明,青藏高原东部雨季各月的凝结潜热均有所增加,其年际变化的差异也较大,其中5月最大,6~7月较稳定,极大年份均出现在气候明显变暖的近10年,极小年份多数出现在气候相对较冷的时期。青藏高原东部凝结潜热具有一定的持续影响力,当其潜热增强时,可引起北半球同纬度带的位势高度场偏低,特别是西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,位置偏南,进而使我国长江流域汛期降水偏多,西北区东部、华北、东北区南部及华南降水偏少。 相似文献
4.
中国大陆OLR与西北夏季降水 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
中国西北地域辽阔,地形复杂。该区内大部分地方属干旱、半干旱气候区,降水量的时空分布差异很大。为研究这种差异性,作者曾将西北地区夏季(6—8月)降水总量作了EOF分解,指出西北夏季降水总量与热带太平洋海温及ENSO事件关系密切;蒋尚城等用9年NOAA卫星观测的OLR资料对长江流域地区夏季雨量进行的估算、徐国昌等用OLR对夏季青藏高原月雨量及凝结潜热的估算,均得到较好的结果。这些研究表明,OLR与大陆夏季降水量存在着与热带海洋上一样好的关系。由于西北夏季雨量集中,6—8月降水量占全年雨量的一半以上。OLR通过云的变化与降水量之间必然存在较好的相关性。 相似文献
5.
用卫星OLR资料估算中国大陆月降水量 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用国家卫星气象中心处理的NOAA下午轨道卫星的OLR资料,用Xie等在1998年的文章中提出的月降水量计算模式,计算了1991-2008年地理范围在10°～60°N、75°～150°E、分辨率为0.5°×0.5°的中国大陆月降水量,得出:用OLR月距平资料可以计算出月降水量,模式估算出的降水量通过与NCEP提供的18年月降水量陆地观测数据对比,精度为:冬季相对误差49.14%、绝对误差7.97 mm;春季相对误差37.60%、绝对误差14.97 mm;夏季相对误差27.37%、绝对误差31.61mm;秋季相对误差37.99%、绝对误差16.95 mm,可见精度效果并不是太好,造成误差的主要原因是降水机制不一,层状云降水特别是逆温层状云和连续阴天不下雨,以及月平均OLR不能完整地反映月内降水云和降水量是造成用OLR月距平估算月降水量的主要误差来源.通过对FY-2C卫星云分类产品的图像分析,得出中国南方冬季主要是层状云降水,OLR月距平值较高,用全球的A、B系数估算出的降水量偏低于实况,因此对中国大陆进行分区、分季节统计A、B系数,是解决OLR月距平估算月降水量精度问题的途径. 相似文献
6.
7.
《高原气象》2017,(5)
利用2008—2014年逐小时空间分辨率为0.1°的全国自动站观测降水资料和CMORPH卫星反演降水融合资料,研究了青藏高原(下称高原)夏季降水日变化特征,并探讨了不同持续时间和等级降水对降水量日变化的影响。结果表明,整个高原地区夏季降水量和降水频率的日变化表现出明显的凌晨和傍晚的双峰结构,而降水强度的双峰结构却不太明显。进一步对各分区降水日变化特征的分析发现,高原中西部降水日变化特征与整个高原地区的一致,而高原北部(东部)地区降水量和频率的日峰值出现在傍晚(午夜-凌晨)。降水持续时间对降水量日变化有显著的影响,高原夏季降水量日变化的双峰特征是由短时(1~3 h)和长持续性(6 h以上)降水共同作用造成的,午夜-凌晨(傍晚)的降水日峰值主要是由于长持续性(短时)降水所引起。分析不同等级降水量日变化特征发现,高原北部地区小-大雨(暴雨)的降水量日峰值基本出现在下午(午夜),而高原中西部不同等级降水量的日变化基本都呈现出傍晚和午夜-凌晨的双峰结构,高原东部地区不同等级降水量的日变化形式较一致,日峰值出现在午夜-凌晨。 相似文献
8.
本文利用1980～2019年美国NOAA系列卫星观测的向外长波辐射（OLR）月平均资料和欧洲中心ERA5月平均地表热通量资料,研究青藏高原（以下简称高原）地区OLR与对流活动的时空分布及其演变特征,以及地表热通量与高原夏季对流活动之间的关系。结果表明:高原地区平均OLR强度由高原周边地区向中部递减,高原东部OLR低于西部,高原东部对流活动显著强于西部;近40年高原OLR总体呈较平稳的增强趋势,存在显著的6年与2～3年的周期特征,对流活动总体呈缓慢减弱趋势,但不同区域不同季节对流活动的变化趋势存在差异,其中夏季高原对流活动呈增强趋势,其他季节则以减弱趋势为主。各季节在高原三江源地区附近对流活动均呈减弱趋势,在高原南部喜马拉雅山脉北侧地区,对流活动则呈一致的增强趋势。夏季高原地表潜热通量普遍强于地表感热通量,且二者分布型近似相反。高原对流活动演变与地表感热、潜热通量均有关,且与地表感热通量的关系更为密切,二者之间普遍存在负相关关系,且在高原西部最为显著;地表潜热通量与高原东西部对流活动间相关呈东西向偶极型分布,在高原西部二者之间存在正相关关系,在高原东部则表现为负相关。 相似文献
9.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(6)
利用国家气象信息中心基于最优插值法(Optimal Interpolation,OI)、ANUSPLIN插值法(AV 2.0)、普通克里格法(Ordinary Kriging,OK)的1.0°×1.0°与0.5°×0.5°格点化的1961—2004年中国区域月温度和月降水资料及1961—2004年美国NCDC的GHCN 5.0°×5.0°月降水资料,对中国大陆地区温度和降水不同插值方法空间插值数据的精度及时间序列进行了对比研究。结果表明:在1961—2004年平均气候态下,中国区域不同插值法插值后的降水和温度空间分布型较一致,年循环变化也较一致。在中国区域、东部区域和西部区域,OI与AV 2.0方法插值的降水场绝对误差分别为2.15 mm、1.28 mm和0.00 mm,OK与AV 2.0方法插值的温度场绝对误差分别为0.20℃、0.05℃和0.45℃。对于中国区域降水场时间序列,AV 2.0和OI方法插值的降水与GHCN不同季节的降水变化趋势较一致,且不同插值方法插值的夏季降水量差异较大,冬季降水量差异较小。1961—2004年AV 2.0与OI方法插值的降水场相关系数在0.22—0.98之间变化,冬季和春季降水场相关性较高,夏季和秋季降水场相关性较低;个别年份秋季和冬季插值后降水量的偏差稍大,最大偏差达3.08 mm,1961—2004年平均降水量偏差为0.64 mm。AV 2.0与OK方法插值的年平均温度差值小于0.54℃,且多年时间序列变化趋势较一致。 相似文献
10.
南海地区潜热输送与长江流域夏季降水的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用美国NCEP的1958--2006年高斯网格月平均再分析资料,以及国家气象中心的全国160站1958—2006年月平均降水资料,使用奇异值分解（SVD）方法,分析了南海及周边地区（简称南海地区,0°-20°N、100°-125°E）夏季潜热输送和长江流域夏季降水的相关关系。结果表明,南海地区夏季潜热输送与长江流域夏季降水呈显著负相关,显著相关的区域分别是南海中部和长江以北的川北、陕南地区以及以南的东部地区,潜热输送和降水都在20世纪70年代中期出现突变。典型旱、涝年潜热通量合成分析表明,南海中部潜热输送与降水也呈明显的负相关。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
19.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献