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1.
上海地区几类强降水雨滴谱特征分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
用Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪资料对2013年上海地区4—10月份期间4种类型 (层状云、对流暖云主导型、对流冷云主导型和强台风影响下的混合暖云型) 降水过程的雨滴谱特征进行了分析。通过平均雨滴谱及其拟合特征、雨滴数密度与含水量分布、雨滴尺度与速度二维谱分布等对比分析发现:各类降水中, 雨滴谱的峰值结构与雨强大小有关, 其中直径介于0.187~1.312 mm的小雨滴均出现峰值且总数最多。各尺度雨滴数密度及其比例决定了其降水量贡献比, 在冷云强降水中的雨强贡献最大的雨滴尺度要显著大于其他3种类型。雨滴谱宽按大小排列依次为对流冷云主导型、混合暖云型、对流暖云主导型和层状云。最后综合运用雨滴谱、雷达、雨量站、闪电等观测资料对9月13日对流冷云主导型降水过程进行分析后发现:在雷暴的演变过程中, 雨滴谱特征与雷达反射率因子、垂直液态水含量、自动站雨强、闪电频次等要素均有较好的相关性。冷云产生的冰晶和冰雹融化后的大雨滴进入中低层的广谱小雨滴群, 并通过破碎分裂增加了大雨滴的形成概率, 尤其是捕捉碰并过程更加快了大雨滴的增长速度, 使雨强在短时间内迅速加强。雨滴谱中各档粒子数的演变, 揭示了降水强度的变化, 用雨滴谱资料可有效弥补现有雷达定量估测降水的偏差, 且在冷云中改善明显。 相似文献
2.
《贵州气象》2017,(3)
该文应用常规探空资料、地面气象资料以及多普勒天气雷达资料,从中尺度分析、雷达组合反射率演变特征、径向速度场、垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)等方面,对2016年8月27日德宏短时强降水天气进行分析和总结,发现:(1)强对流天气发生前近地层水汽充足,低层存在一定的垂直风切变,大气层结属于条件不稳定,中尺度辐合线、干线的抬升作用触发对流发展;(2)导致短时强降水的多单体风暴由外地移来的回波与本地块状回波聚合加强而来;(3)边界层入流急流是形成短时强降水的根本原因,它导致了低层中尺度辐合,与回波的聚合和发展存在紧密联系;(4)强降水过程中VIL与降水量具有相同的变化趋势,并存在一定的提前量。 相似文献
3.
中国短时强对流天气的若干环境参数特征分析 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
利用中国2005-2009年2 000多个国家级气象观测站雨量资料和2002-2011年部分探空站探空资料,研究了中国短时强降水、强冰雹、雷暴大风以及混合型强对流天气的环境参数特征,通过环境参数特征的对比分析,将上述四种强对流天气加以区分,并对所选取的探空数据和环境参数进行了分类和对比分析,结果表明:(1)通过T-logp图温湿曲线形态、500～700 hPa和850～500 hPa温差、0℃、20℃层和平衡层高度、地面和1.5 km高度的露点温度、1.5 km高度温度露点差、对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变等区分上述四种类型强对流天气的环境背景;(2)纯粹短时强降水天气(包括1、II型)与强冰雹天气、雷暴大风天气环境参数的区别比较显著,前者与后两者相比主要表现在较小的700～500 hPa和850～500 hPa温差,弱的垂直风切变,较高的0℃层、-20℃层和平衡层高度,较大的地面和地面以上1.5 km处的露点温度,其中短时强降水I型(占了纯粹短时强降水的大多数)以其整层较高的相对湿度与其他类型强对流的环境背景差异最为明显;(3)混合型强天气与强冰雹天气、雷暴大风天气在T-logp图温湿曲线形态、对流有效位能及0～6 km垂直风切变诸方面特征相似,表现为对流层中层存在明显干层、较大的对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变,但在相对较高的平衡层高度、较高地面和地面以上1.5 km处露点温度及较小的850～500hPa温差等方面与纯粹短时强降水更为接近. 相似文献
4.
利用探空资料对2016—2020年咸阳市暖季（4—9月）雷暴大风、短时强降水和冰雹三类强对流天气发生的环境物理量特征进行分析,提炼强对流天气的关键物理量参数及预报指标。结果表明：（1）咸阳雷暴大风的高发期在4—5月,短时强降水和冰雹的高发期在6—8月,三类天气均主要出现在14—20时。（2）K指数、CAPE值、垂直风切变、0 ℃层高度和-20 ℃层高度均有明显的季节变化,相对高的0 ℃层高度、较厚的暖云层厚度以及相对小的中高层温度露点差可以区别短时强降水和其他两种强对流天气类型。（3）雷暴大风和冰雹发生时中低层一般表现出“上干下湿”的层结特征,雷暴大风的下沉对流有效位能相对较大,应超过120 J/kg。冰雹形成除了考虑较大的对流有效位能和深层垂直风切变外,还需要适宜的0 ℃层高度（39～51 km）。短时强降水要求“整层湿”,即500 hPa和850 hPa的温度露点差均较小,同时暖云层厚度应超过35 km。 相似文献
5.
利用S波段双偏振雷达数据,结合再分析数据、自动气象站、探空和二维闪电探测数据,采用多普勒雷达风场反演和粒子相态识别等方法,分析了2019年7月17日江苏省东南部多站破历史记录的超强降水对流风暴的偏振特征和云微物理特征;并选取了打破当地强降水历史记录如皋站和潞城站,分析了影响两站的对流单体的异同。影响如皋的对流风暴几无闪电活动,对流质心接近地面,上升气流相对较弱。且0 ℃和-35 ℃层间霰粒子数目相对较少,闪电几乎不存在。在融化层以下,由于强烈的暖雨过程,较大的冰相粒子落下并融化和低层雨滴的聚并增长,导致低层雨滴数量迅速增加,带来地面极端强降水。潞城地区雷暴活动明显,影响其对流风暴发展旺盛。-35~0 ℃层存在强烈的上升运动,抬升低层大量的液相粒子通过淞附作用形成的霰,并与高层冰晶不断碰撞,在云层中形成强大的电场,产生强烈的负闪,且在地面产生了极强的降水。这表明融化层以上的冰相微观物理过程,对于降水的发生和增强非常重要。 相似文献
6.
利用中国气象局雷电野外科学试验基地(CMA_FEBLS)三维闪电观测数据,结合广州双偏振雷达观测数据,分析了2017年5月7日广东一次暖云强降水对流单体的闪电活动及其与云降水结构的关系。该单体在4 h内产生1250个闪电,地闪比例约24%。绝大多数闪电出现在4~12 km高度,对应温度层为0℃至-40℃;闪电放电活动的峰值高度出现在8.5 km,对应环境温度约-19℃。分析的强降水单体宏观上呈现上正、中负、下正的三极性电荷结构,中部负电荷核心区约为-8℃至-15℃。在闪电活动区域中,由干雪粒子主导区域占比约82%,霰粒子主导区域占比约11%,且大部分与闪电活动关联的霰粒子主要位于4~8 km高度。总闪频数与30 dBZ雷达回波顶高、-20℃温度层上大于20 dBZ的回波体积具有较好的相关性。闪电活动的平均位置高度与20 dBZ雷达回波顶高和-20℃温度层上大于30 dBZ的回波体积具有较好的相关关系。闪电活动与最大降水强度之间具有较好的时序对应关系,单个闪电表征降水量的值为107 kg/fl量级。 相似文献
7.
《干旱气象》2021,(3)
利用山西大同站常规观测资料和多普勒天气雷达基数据,对山西两类暴雪天气过程(倒槽冷锋型和锢囚锋型,分别简称为"Ⅰ类"和"Ⅱ类")进行对比分析。结果表明,两类暴雪天气存在相似点:(1)当降水相态为雨或雨夹雪时,低层零速度线均呈现较明显的"S"型弯曲特征,零速度线形状的变化和0℃层亮带位置变化对相态转换具有明显指示意义;(2)由9点平均法绘制的两类暴雪的平均基本反射率因子垂直廓线也具有相似特征,即平均基本反射率因子垂直廓线强度在30～40 dBZ之间,因此可利用平均基本反射率因子垂直廓线定量估测降雪量级,并可判断0℃层亮带。但两类暴雪天气也存在明显差异:(1)Ⅰ类暴雪属于冷云降水,冷垫深厚,虽然低层强冷空气将水汽通道切断,但由中层偏南急流和西北气流径向辐合产生的动力抬升作用使得降雪维持并达到暴雪量级;Ⅱ类暴雪属于暖云降水,由暖切变线触发,冷垫不明显,锢囚锋和南风急流长时间维持是造成暴雪的主要原因。(2)Ⅰ类暴雪过程中出现明显的0℃层亮带且长时间维持,而Ⅱ类则没有明显的0℃层亮带。(3)Ⅰ类暴雪过程中,"S"型零速度线逆转成南北分布的直线时,表明低层暖平流减弱的同时有东风湿冷垫形成,此时降水相态由雨转雪;Ⅱ类暴雪过程中,零速度线由"S"型转为反"S"型时,表示冷平流入侵明显,此时降水相态由雨夹雪转为雪,零速度线再次明显顺转则指示降雪减弱趋于结束。 相似文献
8.
2014年7月19日夜间黑龙江克山出现雨强超过90 mm的短时强降水,利用常规观测资料、区域站资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等对此次冷锋前部的暖区强降水成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)此次强降水出现在580 dagpm线附近,副高诱发的超低空急流为强降水提供了充沛的水汽和不稳定能量。(2)地面辐合线和地形抬升触发对流。高空急流东移,高空急流出口区左侧和辐散区与低层辐合相耦合促使对流快速发展增强。耦合消失,强降水则快速减弱。(3)低层暖平流明显,尤其地面具有暖锋锋生特征。强降水出现在不稳定层结和上升运动快速增强的阶段。(4)地面～200 hPa辐合层形成深厚的上升运动区,促使对流快速发展。(5)中尺度对流雨带沿地面辐合线生消。降水先出现在暖湿舌前部。随后,强降水产生的冷空气抬升暖湿空气形成冷锋特征的降水,由于强降水和冷空气的正反馈作用,降水持续时间长。冷空气势力最强时,伴随中尺度气旋性环流及0～1 km强垂直风切变有利于龙卷产生。(6)开口状地形的辐合作用、抬升及局地地形导致的中尺度环流风场对暖区降水的形成和维持作用显著。 相似文献
9.
2018年5月7日冷锋前暖区暴雨和8月29日华南季风槽暴雨,这两次大暴雨都是由广东和闽南地区的沿岸线状中尺度对流系统产生,对其环境背景与对流系统特征进行对比分析,得到主要结论如下:两次过程均有明显850 hPa和925 hPa低空急流;5月7日过程,对流层中低层条件不稳定较大,大气斜压性较强,对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变相对较大,对流层中部存在明显干层,有利于强降水和雷暴大风的产生;8月29日过程,对流层中下层为弱的条件不稳定,准正压大气,更高的融化层高度,对流有效位能和0～6 km垂直风切变相对较小,垂直整层相对湿度高,有利于强降水而不利于雷暴大风的产生。两次过程风暴承载层平均风均来自西南方向,前者的平流比后者要强很多;厦门及其周边闽南地区大暴雨是由于后向传播导致相继多个较强对流雨团移过同一区域形成的;5月7日后向传播形成是一个对流雨团的阵风锋与另一个对流雨团后侧的水平对流卷相遇触发新的对流导致的,新生对流来自陆地;8月29日后向传播形成则是低层暖湿气流遇到成熟对流雨团的后侧阵风锋触发新的对流,新生对流位于海上,持续移入陆地。5月7日导致大暴雨的对流系统中冰相过程和暖云过程对... 相似文献
10.
基于济南S波段双偏振多普勒天气雷达探测数据,结合探空和地面实况资料,对2019年同一区域两次强降水风暴双偏振参量特征进行分析。结果表明：1）两次对流性强降水发生在弱垂直风切变环境下,具有较强的对流有效位能,低层湿度较大,0 ℃层高度较高,利于短时强降水的产生。2）两次强降水风暴都具有低质心热带降水特征,45 dBZ以上的强回波区主要位于环境0 ℃层高度之下。3）风暴低层强回波区都对应大的差分反射率因子ZDR和比差分相位KDP,ZDR≥0.5 dB,KDP≥0.5°·km-1,相关系数CC≥0.95;反射率因子在50~54 dBZ之间,对应的KDP＞1.0°·km-1,CC≥0.97,ZDR适中,是两次强降水风暴导致高强度降水的主要双偏振参量特征。4）两次强降水风暴ZDR柱和KDP柱高度存在明显差异,7月27日强降水风暴前侧出现ZDR柱和KDP柱,高度接近-10 ℃层高度,8月10日强降水风暴ZDR柱和KDP柱略高于0 ℃层高度,ZDR柱高度对雷暴强度具有指示作用。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献