共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 656 毫秒
1.
兰州—民和盆地河口群沉积相和岩石磁化率——祁连山白垩纪隆升的记录 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究白垩纪祁连山构造隆升过程对认识青藏高原形成及其环境效应具有重要意义,兰州—民和盆地连续出露的河口群沉积物较好地记录了早白垩世祁连山隆升过程。河口群从下向上由冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、滨湖、滨浅湖、半深湖、三角洲7个沉积相体系组成;综合分析沉积相时空演化、砾石成分及古水流方向统计和岩石磁化率测量,揭示出早白垩世祁连山经历了3期隆升过程:早期(约143～123Ma)快速强烈隆升阶段,此时祁连山东段开始逐渐断陷下沉,盆地沉积了冲积扇至滨浅湖相沉积体系的砾岩、砂岩和泥岩,岩石磁化率值总体偏低,隆升速度较快;中期(约123～113Ma)稳定隆升阶段,湖盆面积达到最大,沉积物以半深湖相泥岩为主,磁化率值总体偏高,隆升速度较慢;晚期快速隆升阶段,约从113Ma开始,祁连山隆升速度加快,湖盆萎缩,沉积了以三角洲相为主的泥岩和砂岩,磁化率值总体偏低,直至109Ma以后,盆地回返,祁连山地区整体抬升遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
2.
通过对青藏高原东北部11个新近纪沉积盆地的沉积相演化、古流向和物源演变的详细对比研究,揭示了研究区新近纪4次沉积演变与构造隆升的响应.①中新世早期(23～19.5Ma):阿牙克库木湖、柴达木、德令哈和酒泉盆地的古流向和物源分析表明东昆仑和阿尔金已经抬升成剥蚀区.循化、贵德和临夏等盆地物源和古流向指示西秦岭和拉脊山也已成为隆起区.区域上整体地势差异不显著.②中新世早中期(17.5～15Ma):区域湖盆面积扩大,阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地的资料反映东昆仑、阿尔金和祁连山已经全面隆升,贵德循化、临夏盆地的古流向反映为盆地周缘型,指示西秦岭和拉脊山明显抬升,区域差异隆升造成盆地凹陷扩张进入湖泛期.③中新世中晚期(10～7Ma):阿牙克库木湖、索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地沉积物的粒径和沉积速率增大,与热年代学证据一致,揭示出阿尔金山和祁连山进一步快速隆升.贵德、循化和临夏盆地古流向和物源反映为显著的多源性,除西秦岭和拉脊山外,位于循化和临夏两盆地间的积石山也开始隆起.④上新世(5.3Ma以来):索尔库里、柴达木和酒泉盆地古流向没有明显变化,沉积速率和粒径继续增大,阿尔金和祁连山加速隆升为高海拔地貌.贵德盆地主物源区是拉脊山.区域上,地势差异加强,湖盆被肢解后逐步萎缩消亡. 相似文献
3.
酒西盆地晚新生代沉积物重矿物分析与高原北部隆升 总被引：24，自引：4，他引：24
沉积物的形成是地壳差异升降运动的物质记录.位于青藏高原北缘的酒西盆地晚新生代沉积比较敏感和全面记录了高原北部的构造运动和隆升过程.老君庙剖面晚新生代沉积物重矿物分析表明13 MaBP以来酒西盆地南部沉积物中重矿物具规律性变化;依据重矿物具规律性变化和沉积特征,揭示了青藏高原北缘晚新生代以来地壳运动经历了稳定期(13～8.26 Ma)、逐步阶段性隆升期(8.26～<4.9 Ma)和急剧强烈整体阶段性隆升期(>3.66～0 Ma)三个重大构造演化过程。 相似文献
4.
青藏高原东北缘西秦岭北缘构造带的漳县地区出露一套具有磨拉石沉积特征的上新统韩家沟砾岩。其现今的空间分布和沉积特征对于认识青藏高原东北缘新生代构造演化和地壳隆升具有重要的科学意义。通过对上新统韩家沟砾岩层的厚度、砾石成分、形态和粒度特征、古流向特征、物源特征等研究,探讨其沉积环境和形成的构造背景。提出了西秦岭北缘上新统韩家沟砾岩代表新近纪上新世以来,西秦岭地块向北逆冲推覆构造背景下形成前陆磨拉石盆地沉积的认识。该区域上新统韩家沟砾岩现今出露最高高程与北缘断裂带之南的山顶夷平面高程相近,可能指示了其形成之后和西秦岭一起经历了长期的侵蚀夷平,最后在新近纪末期或第四纪初形成了统一夷平面。该夷平面代表了青藏高原东北缘地壳隆升的起点,新近纪末期以来,该夷平面的隆升、侵蚀和解体记录了青藏高原东北缘地壳隆升过程,即青藏高原东北缘真正隆升是新近纪末期或第四纪以来的地质事件。 相似文献
5.
柴达木盆地第四纪环境演变、构造变形与青藏高原隆升的关系 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17
青藏高原北部柴达木盆地发育了巨厚的第四纪河湖相沉积。盆内沉积地层强烈的构造变形以及湖盆环境突变进一步证实了青藏高原经历了多期挤压隆升运动。沉积环境、介形虫和植物孢粉化石及磁性地层研究表明,自距今 2.5Ma以来,青藏高原共经历了距今2.52～2.28Ma,1.94～1.66Ma,1.38～1.1Ma,0.71～0.5Ma和 0.24～0.09Ma 5次强烈的隆升阶段,分别对应于青藏运动B幕和C幕、昆黄运动A幕和B幕以及共和运动。高原内、外 9个盆地的构造—沉积记录对比研究也进一步揭示了青藏高原隆起的整体性和阶段性。 相似文献
6.
祁连山是研究青藏高原隆升与构造变形的关键部位,其中大通河河流阶地是祁连山地区早更新世以来构造隆升和气候变化的载体,厘定大通河河流阶地的形成时代及地质意义对于分析祁连山地区的区域构造和气候环境改变具有重要意义。通过ESR测年技术,并对大通河流域江仓区域的剖面样品实测,获取岩层形成时代数据,分别为(42±4) ka B.P.、(71±5) ka B.P.、(121±12) ka B.P.、(210±20) ka B.P.和(602±60) ka B.P.。根据测年结果,确认剖面为河流相沉积环境,形成时代对应中晚更新世酒泉砾岩和戈壁砾岩时期,表明大通河河流阶地在542~662 ka B.P.之前就已经形成,推测其可能是受到中新世白杨河组之后的盆山运动或早更新世祁连山的褶皱变形影响而形成的。利用测年数据计算抬升速率,从中更新世晚期到晚更新世中期,抬升速率加快,反映了大通河流域的构造运动和气候变化加强,祁连山江仓地区在此期间快速隆升,为青藏高原东北缘以面积和体积扩张的观点提供了新的依据。 相似文献
7.
青藏高原隆升与环境效应 总被引：17，自引：1，他引：17
通过对青藏高原北缘库木库里盆地新生代沉积建造、孢粉、阶地热年龄、沉积响应的调查研究，得出青藏高原新生代的渐新世、上新世和更新世一全新世形成的三套磨拉石建造代表青藏高原最强烈的三次隆升作用；自渐新世以来到上新世晚期高原隆升幅度达1500～2000m，更新世、全新世高原隆升了约2500m，46．4Ka．Bp至今高原隆升了约44m；青藏高原的隆升速率由渐新世开始有愈来愈强烈的趋势，预示青藏高原的隆升是一个多阶段、不等速和非均变的复杂过程；根据库木库里盆地沉积演化揭示青藏高原的隆升经历了早中渐新世早期隆升期、晚渐新世——早中新世早期稳定剥蚀夷平期、早中新世中晚期小幅隆升期、中中新世较稳定剥蚀夷平期、晚中新世振荡隆升期、上新世快速隆升期、更新世一全新世强烈隆升期共七个隆升阶段；并探讨了高原隆升引起的气候干燥、生物灭绝、荒漠化等多种环境效应。 相似文献
8.
9.
中新生代天山隆升及其南北盆地分异与沉积环境演化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
明确中生代以来天山隆升的时间顺序、隆升范围,及其与南北两侧盆地的沉积环境演化之间的关系,是天山两侧准噶尔盆地、吐哈盆地与塔里木等盆地原型恢复研究的重要需求。通过分析天山南北主要盆地类型、沉积充填、古气候变化,物源属性、边缘相带迁移反映的物源区远近变化与古水流特征,以及大量磷灰石裂变径迹测年数据认为,中新生代天山主要存在晚三叠世-早侏罗世、晚侏罗世-早白垩世、晚白垩世-始新世、中新世-第四纪的四期阶段隆升。在此基础上,编制了早侏罗世早期-第四纪的天山隆升范围及其南北盆地的沉积环境演化图,表明天山的四阶段隆升控制了北疆与南疆盆地由早、中侏罗世统一泛湖盆至晚侏罗-早白垩世盆地开始分异,再到新近纪以来彻底分割成独立盆地的沉积演化过程。同时,明确了天山南北两侧各盆地储层、烃源岩及盖层的重要形成期与天山隆升的关系,对有效拓展油气勘探范围有所启示。 相似文献
10.
对西秦岭北缘漳县地区上新统韩家沟砾岩的地貌特征、高程分布、沉积特征、构造变形等研究表明：1）该套砾岩分布受西秦岭北缘断层系F2逆冲断层控制,主要由巨砾-中砾砾岩组成,有近源快速磨拉石沉积的特征,代表了上新世以来西秦岭地块沿北缘断层向北逆冲挤出形成的再生前陆磨拉石盆地,指示了西秦岭地块上新世以来的一次强烈的构造隆升。2）这套砾岩出露高程及宏观地貌特征指示了其形成之后又与西秦岭地块一起经历了侵蚀夷平,形成了现今海拔2 600 m 左右统一的夷平面。该夷平面的整体隆升和解体、韩家沟砾岩雅丹地貌形成和发育六级侵蚀阶地或基座阶地的漳河水系形成才真正标志着西秦岭及北缘区域的整体隆升。现今海拔1 800 m 漳河河床与2 600 m 山顶夷平面之间的高差反映了西秦岭及其北缘第四纪以来至少相对隆升了800 m。3）西秦岭北缘漳县韩家沟砾岩下伏的渐新统-中新统红层盆地沉积序列具有伸展断陷盆地充填特征,指示了这个时期西秦岭北缘处于拉张伸展构造状态,也就是说以构造挤压缩短为动力学背景下的青藏高原隆升和构造变形在渐新世-中新世时期尚未扩展至西秦岭北缘区域。尽管该断陷盆地最上部河流相-洪泛相粗碎屑沉积增多和之后地层掀斜及褶皱缩短有可能反映了中新世末或上新世初西秦岭北缘由伸展到挤压的构造转换和构造隆升,但这并不是西秦岭及北缘区域的一次强烈隆升。综上所述,我们认为西秦岭北缘上新统韩家沟砾岩出现标志着西秦岭地块向北强烈逆冲和构造隆升,但西秦岭的这次强烈隆升仅持续到上新统韩家沟砾岩沉积结束,之后西秦岭地块和北部的再生前陆磨拉石盆地一起经历了整体隆升和侵蚀夷平,形成了上新世末或第四纪初的统一夷平面。该山顶夷平面是西秦岭及其北缘区域最后整体强烈隆升的起点。韩家沟砾岩雅丹地貌形成、发育六级侵蚀阶地或基座阶地的漳河水系形成真正指示了西秦岭及北缘区域的整体隆升过程。如果西秦岭及其北缘新生代以来隆升过程在青藏高原东北缘具有代表性,那么就说明青藏高原东北缘真正隆升成为现今青藏高原系统组成部分只是上新世末期或第四纪以来地质事件。 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献