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1.
几种台风资料的对比及台风年鉴数据的订正 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对比分别采用台风年鉴、美国关岛联合台风警报中心(JTWC)和日本气象厅(东京区域专业气象中心)(JMA)的最佳台风路径资料,得到西北太平洋年热带低压强度以上(TC)和热带风暴强度以上(TS)的年频数、观测记录次数、破坏力强度等特征量,发现：⑴ 不同资料数据的差异随台风强度的增加而减小。分别基于CMA_SHI和JTWC资料的1950—1979年西北太平洋TC频数、TC观测次数存在明显差异,而TS差异性小得多,但年TS频数均值仍差异明显;⑵ 年代际分布上,1950年代差异较大,1970年代中期—1980年代差异较小,而1990年代中后期开始差异加大。进一步提出了对台风年鉴数据中风速和频数的订正方法。 相似文献
2.
利用日本气象厅提供的西北太平洋台风最佳路径观测资料,选取东海海区为研究范围,统计处理1951—2015年台风各要素资料,研究进入东海海区的台风频数、台风登陆点位置、台风频数及登陆点位置与太平洋年代际振荡（Pacific Decadal Oscillation,PDO）及ENSO的关系、影响台风生成和移动的因素等。结果表明：1）每年的7—9月为东海海区的台风高发季,其中8月最高,登陆台风也有相似趋势。2）进入东海海域的台风频数存在较明显的年际和年代际变化趋势。当PDO处于暖位相时,台风频数较小且有上升趋势,反之亦然。El Niño年进入东海海区的台风频数较常年减少,反之亦然。Niño3.4指数与台风频数整体上为负相关关系,相关系数为-0.32且通过90%置信度检验。3）进入东海海域的台风登陆点纬度变化较大,处于24~36°N之间,且有年代际变化特征。当PDO处于暖（冷）位相时,台风登陆点偏北（偏南）且有向北（南）移动的趋势。而登陆点纬度与ENSO的关系较为复杂。4）西北太平洋副热带高压的位置和强度是引起台风频数及登陆点位置变化的主要原因之一。当PDO处于冷位相时,西北太平洋副热带高压强度偏弱,且副高中心向东向北方向移动,导致进入东海的台风频数偏多,且台风登陆点偏北,反之亦然。 相似文献
3.
针对实际预报工作中,台风主观预报和模式风场客观预报不一致的问题,基于南海台风模式(CMATRAMS)资料、实时台风主观预报资料,采用一种考虑下垫面作用的动力解释应用方法TCwind,得到了能较合理描述台风风场的数学方程组,结合网格预报技术,进行台风主观预报和模式风场的主客观融合,实现了台风风场预报的订正,能为网格预报提供有效辅助。以实时台风主观预报为评判标准,检验评估了2018—2019年西北太平洋所有台风的融合订正效果,发现订正后的台风风场中心能较准确地向主观路径预报调整;台风中心附近最大风速相较模式显著增强,趋近主观强度预报;台风环流风速比模式原始风速增大,风场结构分布相比模式原始风场也更合理。 相似文献
4.
本文分析了33年(1951—1983年)逐月平均的赤道东太平洋海温距平(SSTA)、热带西北太平洋500hPa高度距平和西北太平洋台风频数距平资料,指出:赤道东太平洋热力状况的异常对西北太平洋台风活动有明显影响。进一步对于1982—1983年的厄尼诺过程进行诊断分析,认为,SSTA异常可以通过经圈环流改变中、低纬环流的相互作用,以此来制约西北太平洋台风活动,即:当赤道东太平洋出现暖水时,北半球的哈得来环流加强,导致中纬度上空西风带加强、斜压扰动向南发展,结果,北半球副热带高压滞留在较低纬度、热带盛行东风气流,形成了不利于西北太平洋台风发生、发展的大尺度环流条件。 相似文献
5.
西北太平洋台风累积动能气候异常特征分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
应用美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC)提供的热带气旋数据、NCEP再分析资料和英国Hadly中心海表温度资料,分析了年台风累积动能(ACE)异常年气候特征及气候背景.结果表明:年台风累积动能有明显的年际和年代际变化;ACE异常年份由于季风槽东伸的经度、越赤道气流通道和强度以及副热带高压位置的显著差异,造成台风频数、强度和生命史的差异;当5-8月赤道中东太平洋海温为正距平、西南太平洋海温负距平时,通过异常沃克环流和局部哈得来环流的下沉支向西北太平洋输送跨赤道南风,导致该年西北太平洋ACE增多,反之该年ACE减少. 相似文献
6.
全球气候变暖背景下登陆我国台风特征的分析 总被引：38，自引：4，他引：38
利用1949-2002年西北太平洋热带气旋、登陆我国台风和全球地面温度资料，对登陆我国台风的频数、强度以及登陆位置的年际变化，特别是趋势特征进行了分析，并与西北太平洋台风的变化特征作了对比。结果表明：在全球气候变暖背景下，我国登陆台风频数的减少趋势没有西北太平洋台风频数的减少趋势强；登陆台风的平均强度和极端强度均有减弱趋势，极端强度的减弱趋势尤为明显，但其强度弱于西北太平洋台风。在1968-2002年全球明显增暖时段，我国台风登陆位置偏向我国中部，西北太平洋台风在生命史中强度达最强时的位置有向北移动的趋势。 相似文献
7.
西北太平洋台风频数异常年的气候背景分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国气象局整编的热带气旋资料、NCEP再分析资料和Scripps海温资料,分析了台风季西北太平洋台风频数发生年代际和年际异常时的气候背景特征,并且比较分析了造成台风频数发生年代际和年际异常的影响因子的异同。结果表明:台风频数的年代际变化主要和副热带高压和赤道西太平洋的温跃层海温有非常显著的关系,而年际变化则与副高、季风槽、越赤道气流以及赤道中东太平洋的混合层海温都有着密切的联系。 相似文献
8.
本文应用南海和西北太平洋的台风路径资料,对1884—1985年(共102年)间南海和西北太平洋台风异常路径活动逐年频数进行分析,发现存在着明显的12年、30年周期。此外,根据1949年以来资料表明,南海和西北太平洋台风异常路径与厄尼诺现象存在一定关系。 相似文献
9.
西北太平洋风速垂直切变异常对热带气旋活动年际变化的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用中国《台风年鉴》资料、欧洲中心40年月平均再分析资料和NOAA的逐月海温资料,研究了西北太平洋(5°—30°N,110°E—180°)风速垂直切变异常对热带气旋(TC)活动年际变化的影响。研究发现,西北太平洋所有TC、风暴以上级别的TC(TSTY,即达到热带风暴级别及以上的所有TC)和所有台风(WTY,包括台风、强台风和超强台风)年频数与西北太平洋风速垂直切变都显著负相关。西北太平洋风速垂直切变大小对生成源地在南海(5°—30°N,110°—120°E)TC和西北太平洋西部海域(5°—30°N,120°—150°E)TC的影响较小,而对西北太平洋东部海域(5°—30°N,150°E—180°)生成的TC影响最大:即西北太平洋风速垂直切变负异常年,有利于西北太平洋东部海域TC生成发展,使得负异常年较正异常年TC频数偏多和源地平均位置偏东;并且风速垂直切变的变化对TC频数和生成源地影响的显著性,随着TC强度的增加而增加。对TSTY生成环境场的进一步分析表明,西北太平洋风速垂直切变偏小年,季风槽偏强位置偏东,它的东端位于宽阔的太平洋洋面,与弱风速垂直切变区相配合,暖的海温加上低层强烈的正涡度和强烈辐合,且相应的高层有强的气流辐散区,这些环境场都有利于TSTY在主要源地尤其是西北太平洋东部海域生成,这是风速垂直切变偏小年TSTY偏多和生成源地偏东的重要原因。 相似文献
10.
西北太平洋地区晚季(10—12月)66%的热带气旋可以发展成为台风,其比率高于盛夏季节。基于贝叶斯突变分析的研究结果表明,西北太平洋晚季台风频数在1998年前后发生了年代际转折,即相对于1979—1997年,台风频数在1998—2016年显著减少。台风生成的空间分布情况表明,西北太平洋台风频数总体呈减少状态,减少最多的区域出现在东南部(0°～17.5°N,135°～180°E)。相应的,台风生成潜在指数(Genesis Potential Index, GPI)在该区域也明显减小。通过对比分析涡度、垂直切变、相对湿度和最大潜在强度四个主要因子对GPI变化的相对贡献大小,结果表明动力因子(垂直切变和涡度)对西北太平洋台风生成频数的年代际变化起关键作用。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献