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1.
塔里木陆块周缘的新元古界地层记录了涉及Rodinia聚合和裂解的构造热事件,但塔里木在Rodinia超大陆中的位置以及在Rodinia裂解后如何运动尚无定论.采用收集的古地磁数据,并结合塔里木西北缘阿克苏地区的野外工作以及塔里木周缘代表性岩石如A型花岗岩、基性岩墙群、大陆溢流玄武岩和双峰式火山岩等的同位素年代学数据,将塔里木陆块从Rodinia超大陆中裂解的时间限制在830~ 700 Ma BP.之后,塔里木陆块随澳洲板块一起加入冈瓦纳大陆.约在450Ma BP,塔里木陆块和澳洲板块发生分离,并快速北漂,最终在晚古生代加入劳亚大陆.新元古代—早古生代,塔里木陆块整体上从北半球较高纬度向南半球漂移,并在奥陶纪向北半球快速回返.  相似文献   

2.
塔里木拼贴时代和方式以及塔里木板块与哥伦比亚超大陆联系是塔里木板块形成演化中的关键问题,也是前寒武纪超大陆重建的重要问题,对塔里木盆地基底性质研究和油气勘探具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。本文首先通过南、北塔里木差异性对比分析和拼合时间的地质年代统计分析,探讨了形成统一的塔里木板块的时间问题。进一步基于大地构造比较学分析,将塔里木板块和扬子板块与世界其他板块的地质亲缘性开展综合对比分析,并结合古地磁数据分析和造山带及俯冲带对比分析,探讨了塔里木板块与哥伦比亚超大陆的关系。本文认为19~20亿年北塔里木向南塔里木俯冲并发生陆陆碰撞,形成了统一的塔里木板块。9~19亿年前塔里木板块、扬子板块与印度板块有较强的地质亲缘性,都处于哥伦比亚超大陆的西部边缘,并在地块周缘存在俯冲带,与北美板块东南缘的俯冲带具一定的可对比性;而华北板块与西伯利亚板块、波罗的板块亲缘性较强,位于古赤道附近,处于哥伦比亚超大陆的东部边缘。构造热事件的地质亲缘性表明塔里木、扬子和华北克拉通都是哥伦比亚超大陆周缘的小型克拉通,共同参与了哥伦比亚超大陆的汇聚过程。  相似文献   

3.
塔里木盆地碎屑锆石年龄分布对前寒武纪基底的指示   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
应用碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年方法研究塔里木盆地前寒武纪基底与超大陆的关系, 对盆地内部不同地区井下11个碎屑岩样品进行锆石年代学分析。塔里木盆地南部与北部分别检测到早元古代、中元古代产生的物源, 结合周边造山带测年资料分析佐证了早中元古代塔里木南北块体演化有差异, 北部大量的中元古代早期年代数据可能预示塔北微块体存在与Columbia超大陆裂解时间相近的构造-热事件。南北塔里木在新元古代早期才发生碰撞拼合形成统一的基底与演化进程, 所有样品都检测到南华纪年龄数据证实塔里木板块及其周缘在此期发生大规模裂解事件, 南华纪大规模火成岩活动形成了盆地显生宙碎屑岩最主要的蚀源, 塔里木板块存在与Rodinia超大陆裂解时间相当的构造-热事件。碎屑锆石测年资料为研究塔里木板块与超大陆的关系提供了来自盆地内部的证据。  相似文献   

4.
中生代多向挤压构造作用与四川盆地的形成和改造   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
远离活动板块边缘的四川盆地以其周缘复杂分布的褶皱构造带而著称,这些构造带的成因及其大地构造背景一直是华南大地构造研究的焦点之一。本文基于区域构造编图、褶皱构造样式和叠加变形分析,论述了四川盆地及其周缘中生代挤压变形特征及其定型时代,确定了重要构造事件及其产生的构造样式。研究显示,四川盆地及其周缘地带中生代经历了3个重大构造事件,每个构造事件产生的构造形迹在空间上发生复合和联合,造就了四川盆地及其周缘复杂的构造组合样式。中晚三叠世碰撞造山事件(印支运动)在扬子地区形成近W-E向褶皱构造,扬子地块西缘伴随着松潘—甘孜褶皱造山带的形成,发育了龙门山—锦屏山逆冲-推覆构造带及川滇前陆盆地,奠定了川—渝—黔—滇大型沉积盆地,构成四川盆地的原形。中晚侏罗世时期(燕山早幕),东亚构造体制发生重大变革,来自北部、东部、西部和南部的板块多向汇聚导致了大陆多向汇聚构造体系的形成和发展,其中秦岭造山带的再生活动导致南部米仓山—大巴山前陆构造带的形成和发展;来自太平洋板块向西推挤,导致了川东地区NW向突出的弧型构造和川南华蓥山帚状构造的形成;羌塘地块的向东侧向挤出,在扬子地块西北缘发生褶皱逆冲变形(龙门山—锦屏山构造带)。这期多向挤压事件强烈改造了四川T3-J1-2原形盆地,周缘褶皱构造带基本定型。早白垩世晚期的挤压事件(燕山晚幕)进一步改造了四川盆地,NW-SE向构造得到加强。除了西缘以外,四川盆地其他周缘褶皱构造带主体定型于晚侏罗世的陆内造山作用阶段,是扬子克拉通周边造山带在周邻板块多向汇聚作用下引发的再生复活的结果,成为中国东部陆内汇聚构造体系的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

5.
塔里木地块与古亚洲/特提斯构造体系的对接   总被引:32,自引:15,他引:17  
塔里木盆地为环形山链所环绕,北缘为古亚洲体系的天山弧形山链,南缘为特提斯体系的西昆仑-阿尔金弧形山链。自新元古代晚期以来,塔里木地块及周缘地区经历了古亚洲洋盆和特提斯洋盆的开启、俯冲、闭合以及微陆块多次碰撞造山,发生多期的构造、岩浆及成矿作用。特别是受印度/亚洲碰撞(60~50Ma)以来的近程效应和远程效应影响,使塔里木盆地周缘发生强烈的隆升、缩短及走滑变形,形成了现今复杂的环型造山系,完成了古亚洲体系和特提斯体系与塔里木地块的最终对接。塔里木地块与周缘两大构造体系的焊接是从早古生代开始的。研究表明,早古生代末期塔里木已与西昆仑-阿尔金始特提斯造山系链接一起。此时,塔里木地块东段与中天山增生弧地体碰撞,而西段在晚古生代与中天山增生弧地体碰撞。塔里木盆地周缘早古生代造山系中存在早古生代中期和早古生代晚期的两次造山事件,致使塔里木盆地内映现两个早古生代构造不整合面:晚奥陶世-志留纪之间的角度不整合和中晚泥盆世与早古生代之间的角度不整合。塔里木盆地早古生代的古地理、古环境和古构造研究表明,塔里木早古生代台地位于盆地的中西部,盆地东部为陆缘斜坡和深海/半深海沉积盆地,与南天山早古生代被动陆缘链接。印度/亚洲碰撞导致塔里木盆地西南缘的喜马拉雅西构造结的形成与不断推进,使特提斯构造体系与古亚洲构造体系在西构造结处靠拢及对接,终使塔里木盆地最后定型。  相似文献   

6.
拼合的准噶尔盆地基底: 基底火山岩Sr-Nd同位素证据   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
郑建平  吴晓智 《地球科学》2000,25(2):179-185
在详细岩相学、主元素和微量元素研究基础上, 报道了准噶尔盆地基底不同区块火山岩的Sr-Nd同位素和锆石颗粒年龄研究成果, 结合盆地周缘造山带古生代构造史、古生物、沉积建造、火山岩、侵入岩的综合研究成果, 表明准噶尔盆地基底可能由分属哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块(?) 和西伯利亚板块刚性体外围的岛弧体系经构造软碰撞拼合而成, 它们又经历了块体拼合后的构造-岩浆热事件(如基性岩浆底侵作用) 的进一步改造和影响.   相似文献   

7.
根据柴达木盆地西部中新世上、下油砂山组的沉积特征及其地震反射界面的特征,推断阿尔金山的主隆升时期为中晚中新世,山体的隆升导致盆地沉积中心向东迁移.盆地周缘山系的隆升年代学资料也表明,青藏高原北缘在中晚中新世发生了快速抬升,与青藏高原南部的同期区域构造事件一致,表明中晚中新世是青藏高原向北生长的重要时期.阿尔金山此次隆升事件与塔里木板块向柴达木地块楔入有关,整个高原的隆升动力源自印度板块与欧亚大陆拼合后持续向北的俯冲.  相似文献   

8.
以钻井和三维地震剖面的解释为基础,在济阳坳陷首次发现了在沙四段沉积末期形成的近南北向分布的、由东向西逆冲的褶皱-冲断构造,该构造代表了盆地古近纪充填序列中一次重要的构造反转事件,是济阳运动在该区重要的地质表现;通过界面年龄的确定和区域板块构造运动的分析,认为该期构造事件的发生具有区域性,而且与晚始新世初期印度洋板块和太平洋板块重大的运动学调整过程密切相关;该期构造反转事件的确定对于中国东部新生代盆地形成演化的动力学机制的研究和盆地深层油气勘探有重要的意义.  相似文献   

9.
甘新蒙北山地区构造格局及演化   总被引:62,自引:5,他引:62       下载免费PDF全文
甘新蒙北山地区地处天山东段、北山及阿拉善地区 ,为古生代哈萨克斯坦板块、塔里木板块和华北板块交汇地带。可分为 7个二级构造单元 (构造区 )、2 6个三级构造单元 (地块、褶皱带 )。该区构造演化史漫长而复杂。太古宙时期 ,是古陆核形成萌芽阶段 ,古元古代初陆壳开始生成 ,出现薄壳结构的宽广的裂陷活动带 ,到了中、新元古代后期显露出板块构造运动 ,新元古代晚期经历重大热事件———晋宁运动 ,发生陆块间汇聚—碰撞并形成了榴辉岩—花岗岩岩浆带。震旦纪在晋宁期的拼合古陆上再一次裂解 ,经历了板块构造演化史。晚古生代 ,本区主体转入板内构造时期 ,以开合构造为主 ,花岗岩浆活动广泛发育。中、新生代进入板内造山和现今的盆山构造格局时期  相似文献   

10.
新疆北部古生代可划分为3大古板块:西伯利亚板块、哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块。3个板块之间存在的大洋分别是准噶尔-北天山大洋和南天山大洋。正是这些板块和已经消失了的大洋壳之间的相互作用,决定了该区大地构造演化的基本特征,控制着大地构造格局和矿产分布。古生代新疆北部构造活动极为活跃。此期间,西伯利亚板块不断向南增生,塔里木板块向北运动。塔城地块属哈萨克斯坦板块的一部分,阿尔泰地块从奥陶纪初就随着萨彦—蒙古洋的闭合成为西伯利亚板块的一部分,准噶尔地块在石炭纪初增生于西伯利亚板块西南缘,当时北天山存在较大…  相似文献   

11.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

12.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

13.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

14.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。   相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明:总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11:00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.  相似文献   

20.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

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