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1.
利用北京、天津和沧州多普勒天气雷达对2010—2019年廊坊市发生的29次雷暴大风天气过程中的阵风锋、径向速度大值区、垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）≥40 kg?m-2等预警指标进行验证分析,结果表明：51.9%的站次出现了阵风锋,其中61.0%的雷暴大风出现在主体回波移动前方中部到右侧;17 m?s-1以上大风速区作为预警指标,预警的平均提前量达47.2 min。100%的弓形回波雷暴大风出现前上游及可能影响区域存在≥17 m?s-1的大风速区,以此发布预警可提前37.1 min;71.4%的雷暴大风站点上空或10 km范围内VIL≥40 kg?m-2,平均预警提前量最高,达到52.7 min;依据带状回波前侧或右前侧出现阵风锋发布预警的平均提前量为60.6 min。73.7%的块状回波雷暴大风天气上游及可能影响区域有≥17 m?s-1的大风速区。结合上游及可能影响区域≥17 m?s-1和≥20 m?s-1以上大风速区、阵风锋、VIL≥40 kg?m-2出现位置可以提前30—60 min发布雷暴大风预警信号,且可更加精准的预测灾害性大风的落区、出现时间和强度。 相似文献
2.
摘 要：利用常规观测、北京和天津多普勒天气雷达探测等资料，对2020年6月25日夜间发生在河北省廊坊市一次冰雹、雷暴大风和短时强降水等强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：此次超级单体风暴发生的背景条件为高空冷涡前部高空槽叠加地面冷锋系统，高CAPE值、强垂直风切变以及适当的0 ℃和-20 ℃高度等为其发展维持提供了有利的环境条件。超级单体属于右移强风暴，发展演变过程中回波形状不断变化，中气旋特征持续存在，回波垂直结构呈现出回波墙-回波悬垂和有界弱回波区-三体散射和旁瓣回波等典型超级单体雷达回波特征。在本次过程中，55 dBz及以上强回波迅速向高层伸展后迅速下降并配合较低的强回波质心高度，预示地面将出现大冰雹和灾害性大风；VIL最大值达到55 kg?m-2可以作为本地发布冰雹预警的指标，发布冰雹预警时间可以提前12 min；将VIL值升到40 kg?m-2作为地面灾害大风预警指标，发布雷暴大风预警的提前量为24 min。三维空间图像可以直观地展现出超级单体的空间结构。 相似文献
3.
北京地区雷暴大风不同生命期内的雷达统计特征及预警提前量分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选取2010—2014年发生在北京地区的19个致灾的雷暴大风天气过程,应用北京新一代多普勒天气雷达体扫资料的反射率因子和径向速度产品,分析了雷暴大风天气不同生命期内的雷达回波特征。分析发现依据径向速度大值区能对77.8%的带状回波造成的雷暴大风天气提前发布预警,能对100%的弓形回波造成的雷暴大风天气提前发布预警,而其中有67%可提前30min发布预警;孤立的块状回波前侧均未观测到阵风锋回波,径向速度图未观测到入流急流,径向速度大值区不明显。但径向速度图上观测到的中层径向辐合、入流急流、中气旋及反射率图上观测到的阵风锋都为雷暴大风的提前预警提供了重要指示特征。 相似文献
4.
应用河北省石家庄新乐CINRAD-SA雷达资料对2006—2008年河北省中南部地区262个站雷暴大风的雷达回波特征进行统计。分析发现, 雷暴大风的主要雷达回波特征有弓形回波、阵风锋和径向速度大值区,出现其中一个或多个特征均可发布雷暴大风预警。根据以上雷达回波特征能够对66%的雷暴大风发布预警,34%的雷暴大风仅仅依据雷达资料无法预警,其中孤立块状回波占39%,带状回波占61%。弓形回波仅占雷暴大风的19.8%,能够观测到的阵风锋回波仅占16.8%,65.3%的雷暴大风观测到径向速度大值区,径向速度大值区是雷暴大风最重要的雷达回波特征。径向速度大值区的形成一般早于弓形回波和阵风锋回波,依据径向速度大值区可更早发布雷暴大风预警。 相似文献
5.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站资料、自动站5 min资料、天气雷达资料和风廓线雷达组网资料,对2017年7月27日夜间出现在成都地区的一次雷暴大风天气过程进行分析,结果表明:本次过程发生在副热带高压和切变线共同影响下,地面辐合线、弱垂直风切变、层结不稳定和较大的对流有效位能为雷暴大风的发生提供了有利的环境条件。此次雷暴大风天气过程是由多单体风暴产生的;雷达回波具有窄带回波、反射率因子质心快速下降、风暴前侧出流、后侧入流和中层径向辐合等特征,这些特征对监测和预警雷暴大风有很好的指示意义。雷暴高压和强冷中心对雷暴大风的形成和维持有着重要作用。在大风过程中,风向突变伴有瞬时风速增大,但风向突变出现时间较最大瞬时风速出现提前了5 min左右,中尺度气旋式辐合的出现时间较最大瞬时风速有15 min的提前量。阵风锋坡度愈大,前侧上升气流坡度愈大;阵风锋后部的垂直风速变化落后于水平风速的变化。 相似文献
6.
天津地区雷暴大风天气雷达产品特征分析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
应用2002-2007年天津共46次雷暴大风天气过程的新一代天气雷达资料,并结合灾情报告和地面自动气象站资料,根据雷达基本反射率回波特征,影响渤海西部雷暴大风的雷达回波形态有以下四种类型:弓状回波、阵风锋、带状回波和零散椭圆状回波,其中弓状回波对应的雷暴大风天气最为强烈,特别是弓状回波的前部和顶端突起部分;同时弓状回波主体维持时间与雷暴大风维持时间基本一致.另外,应用垂直积分液态水含量产品(VIL)进行了统计分析.结果表明:当VIL值达到或超过40 kg·m~(-2)时,随后VIL值的快速减小对于预警雷暴大风天气有指示意义,这种信息一般能够提前10分钟出现.此外,分析了雷暴大风的路径来源有四类:分别是北方路径有9次,西北路径占19次,西方路径14次和其他路径4次,其中北方路径带来的灾害相对严重.这些特征对预警渤海西部雷暴大风天气提供使用价值,同时也可提供其他地区参考使用. 相似文献
7.
为认识统计山西雷暴大风的雷达产品特征，做好其预报预警，利用2013—2017年4—9月高空探测资料和地面观测资料以及多普勒雷达资料对山西39次雷暴大风过程进行研究。根据500 h Pa环流形势将其分为四大类型：西北气流型、冷涡型、西风槽前型、副热带高压（简称“副高”）切变型。统计分析了不同环流背景下雷暴大风的雷达产品特征及其预警提前量。结果表明：（1）块状孤立对流单体是任一环流背景下山西雷暴大风的主要雷达回波形态。（2）副高切变型雷暴大风的最大回波强度、回波顶高、最大垂直积分液态水含量值最高，冷涡型最低。（3）低层径向速度大值区对雷暴大风的指示意义最明显，预警提前量最多，可提前30 min以上。（4）雷暴大风发生时，有阵风锋和逆风区出现，但出现次数极少。研究结果对利用雷达产品预警山西雷暴大风提供参考依据。 相似文献
8.
利用高空、地面天气图,宝鸡多普勒雷达资料统计分析了关中地区7例阵风锋天气成因及雷达回波特征。分析表明:西北气流携带的中空干冷平流是强对流发生的有利条件,地面干线是强对流的触发系统,地面气温35℃以上高温且湿度20%～35%是阵风锋发生的有利环境。雷达回波上,阵风锋从初生、发展、加强到减弱的生命史为1～3 h,与雷暴回波由强(≥55 dBz)减弱(≤30 dBz)的过程一致。阵风锋移动速度与雷暴径向速度有直接关系,雷暴出流快速达到最大(17 m/s)时,阵风锋发展达到强盛时段,其强度、长度达到最大;阵风锋移动方向与雷暴移动方向大体一致,呈西北—东南向;少数与主体风暴移向垂直,为东北—西南向。阵风锋在1.5°仰角出现最早,关注识别1.5°仰角阵风锋窄带回波前兆可为发布大风预警提供依据。 相似文献
9.
基于2016—2021年湖北多普勒雷达及加密自动气象站资料，对湖北雷暴阵风锋特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)湖北阵风锋主要出现在6—8月，占总数的96%，其中8月最多；一天中主要发生时段为15:00—18:00(北京时，下同)，峰值在17:00；大多数阵风锋持续时间为1.5～3.0 h；产生阵风锋的母雷暴中35%为多单体雷暴，40%为多单体雷暴群，25%为飑线。(2)阵风锋主要有5个生成区域，分别为省外、鄂东北、江汉平原、鄂西北的襄阳和鄂西南的宜昌，相同区域生成的阵风锋移动方向有较好的规律性。鄂东北生成的阵风锋最多，占总数的33%。(3)不是所有母雷暴及其阵风锋都能引发地面大风，69%的母雷暴和9%的阵风锋产生的地面极大风速大于等于17.0 m·s-1。在多单体和多单体雷暴群中，母雷暴的回波强度越强，母雷暴及其阵风锋产生的地面大风概率越大，阵风锋产生的地面风速强度与其回波强度、空间尺度关系不大。(4)阵风锋有较强对流触发能力，91%的阵风锋在其后部、附近和前侧触发对流单体。母雷暴与其阵风锋反馈作用不同，对流触发与阵风锋的相对位置有差别，正反馈型大多在阵风锋后部触发对... 相似文献
10.
为了更好地监测预警冰雹和雷暴大风等强天气，使用常规天气图、TBB云图、自动气象站、雷达拼图、雷达PUP产品等资料，对2021年5月10日江西雷暴回波群冰雹天气过程，采用中尺度气象学和雷达气象学等方法进行分析，结果表明：雷暴回波群中超级单体产生大冰雹并伴随雷暴大风天气，没有出现短时强降水；超单往往造成较大冰雹，强单出现较小冰雹；樟树、丰城的对流云系发展成为中尺度对流系统MCS。湿度锋区达到≥40%/100 km和温度锋区达到≥10℃/100 km时，就能够触发产生对流运动而形成新的对流回波；当原有对流回波移到锋区附近时，回波会快速发展加强，强回波面积迅速扩大。风暴跟踪信息STI能较好地指示超级单体和强单体回波的移动方向和移动速度，多条STI指向一致时可信度更高。超单CR在65 dBZ以上，强回波面积较大，VIL在60 kg/m2，V0.5有正负速度对，RCS有冰雹回波特殊结构特征；VCS有正负速度切变；强单CR在60～65 dBZ之间，强回波面积较小，VIL在45～50 kg/m2之间，V0.5不一定有速度切变，RCS冰雹回波特殊结构特征不明显，VCS表现在负值区中出现大值区。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献