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1.
1960～2008年江西省极端降水变化趋势 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
利用江西省17个国家级台站1960～2008年逐日降水量资料,对日降水量超过绝对阈值(25mm和50mm)和百分位数阈值(95%和99%)的极端降水变化情况进行了分析。结果表明,江西省近50年极端降水频率和强度均呈波动上升趋势,大雨和强降水频率的增加最为迅速,暴雨和极端强降水事件强度增加最大;夏季各种极端降水事件频率均有明显升高;冬季大雨和强降水事件频率也有显著增加;春季和秋季极端降水强度有明显增加,特别是暴雨和极端强降水事件强度增加迅速;夏季暴雨和极端强降水强度有所降低或略有增加;江西省极端降水的频率和强度变化趋势较为一致,特别是1990年代;极端降水的增加以发生频数的增加为主,降水强度的增加并不显著;近50年江西省大部分地区的极端降水事件频率和强度均有增加,但高值区的分布有较大的差异。极端强降水事件强度在鄱阳湖平原附近减小,而在周边的大部分地区呈增长趋势。进一步的分析发现,极端降水强度的变化与地形有显著的正相关关系。 相似文献
2.
西南地区极端降水变化趋势 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
利用西南地区90个气象台站1970-2010年逐日降水量资料,依据世界气象组织(WMO)定义的连续5d最大降水量、总降水量、强降水比等6种极端降水指数,采用F检验、11a滑动平均等统计方法,研究了西南地区极端强降水变化趋势的时空变化特征。在时间上,西南地区近41年来冬、春、夏季连续5d最大降水量缓慢波动上升,秋季连续5d最大降水量呈下降趋势;强降水、降水强度及强降水比呈上升趋势,但总降水量和最长持续无降水日数呈减少趋势;另外,各极端降水指数还存在明显的年际、年代际变化。在空间上,西南地区极端降水变化趋势具有显著的地域差异,呈东西或西北东南向梯度变化特征。其中冬季连续5d最大降水量、降水强度、强降水比及最长持续无降水日数,在西南大部分地区呈增加趋势。秋季连续5d最大降水量与总降水量在西南大部分地区呈减少趋势。而春、夏季连续5d最大降水量和强降水的增减区域大致相当。 相似文献
3.
近四十年我国东部盛夏日降水特性变化分析 总被引：45，自引：7，他引：38
基于中国地区740台站的日降水资料,细致分析了近40年我国东部盛夏即7、8月份降水长期趋势和年代际变化特征。按小雨、中雨、大雨以及暴雨降水强度分类,探讨了不同强度降水在我国东部降水变化中的贡献。结果表明,中国东部地区盛夏降水变化主要受暴雨强度降水变化的影响,占总降水变化60%以上。近40年来,盛夏长江流域降水量、 降水频率、极端降水频率以及暴雨降水强度均呈增大趋势,在华北地区则呈减小趋势,除降水频率在长江流域的变化趋势绝对值比华北地区小外,另三个指标在长江流域的趋势变化值大约是后者的2倍。降水强度在中国东部表现出一致的增大趋势,但华北地区增大趋势不显著。华北地区降水的减少主要是小雨强度降水频率减小的结果,强降水的频率和强度在该地区也呈微弱的减小趋势,其中小雨强度降水频率减小趋势大值中心值达到-3%/10a,比中雨以上强度降水频率变化趋势值大一个量级;长江流域降水的增多,是各强度降水频率和强度增大共同作用的结果。长江流域和华北地区在区域平均降水频率、降水强度、极端降水频率、最大降水量的时间序列上,彼此均为负相关关系,其中降水频率和极端降水频率序列在两区域的相关系数通过99%的信度检验。Mann-Kendall检验表明,除华北地区降水强度外,其他降水指标均存在显著的年代际跃变。与1970年代末的气候跃变相对应,华北地区降水频率较之长江流域的跃变明显;但长江流域极端降水在1970年代末的跃变较之华北地区更显著,其降水强度、极端降水频率以及最大降水量均于1970年代末期前后发生显著年代际跃变。 相似文献
4.
中国降水极值变化趋势检测 总被引：215，自引：9，他引：206
利用中国２９６个分布均匀的测站的逐日降水资料,研究了中国过去４５ａ中降水量、降水频率、降水强度等方面的极值变化趋势。结果表明,总体上讲,中国年降水量、１日和３日最大降水量以及不同级别的强降水总量没有发现明显的极端化倾向,但伴随着降水日数极端偏多的区域范围越来越小的变化趋势,平均降水强度极端偏高的区域范围表现为扩大的趋势。中国降水极值变化还反映出明显的区域性特点。在中国东部,平均降水强度极值出现的范围趋于扩大。如华北地区在年降水量明显趋于减少的同时,年降水量极端偏多的范围减少,１日和３日最大降水量、日降水≥５０ｍｍ和１００ｍｍ的暴雨日数极端偏多的情况也趋于减少,而平均降水强度极值显著增加。在年降水明显趋于增多的西北西部地区,降水日数的极值变化趋势不明显,但年降水量、１日和３日最大降水量以及日降水≥１０ｍｍ的降水总量极端偏多的区域范围均反映出趋于增加的变化趋势。 相似文献
5.
利用2005—2019年河北省40个国家气象观测站逐小时降水资料，分析小时降水和小时强降水的时空分布特征，结果表明：①小时降水频率近年来是降低的，而小时强降水频次没有明显的变化趋势，小时降水量、降水频率、降水强度以及小时强降水频次的月变化均呈单峰型分布，小时强降水频次呈年差异化变大趋势，使得小时强降水事件发生的极端性更突出；②年降水量总体呈东高西低、南高北低的趋势，大值区主要位于东北和西南地区，降水频次和降水强度受地形影响较为明显，降水频次大值中心位于海拔较高的北部和中西部，平原频次较低，而降水强度大值区位于东北部，这是受副热带高压和地形作用共同影响造成的；③河北省降水主要集中在傍晚到夜间，降水峰值出现的时间有自西向东延后的特征，受午后局地对流天气的影响，最大峰值多出现在17:00前后，小时强降水发生频次较高；④小时强降水的高发时期是7—8月，主要集中在河北东部和南部，其最大值出现在东北部和石家庄一带；⑤南部降水量主要源于降水强度的贡献，北部、西部山区和西北部坝上地区降水量更主要的是受降水频率的影响；东北部降水量则是降水频率和降水强度的共同影响造成的。 相似文献
6.
近40年华南前汛期极端降水时空演变特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用国家气象信息中心提供的华南89个代表站1969～2008年逐日降水资料,研究了近40年我国华南前汛期(4～6月)极端降水时空演变特征,主要结论是:(1)华南前汛期降水强度、强降水量和暴雨日数的空间分布与总降水量的空间分布基本一致;(2)极端降水指数随时间的变化对华南整个区域前汛期总降水量的变化有很好的指示意义,特别是强降水量、强降水频率和暴雨日数;90年代以来华南前汛期总降水量的显著增加与强降水量、强降水频率以及暴雨日数显著增加密切相关,且极端强降水量异常程度明显增强。 相似文献
7.
极端降水事件变化的观测研究 总被引：68，自引：4，他引：64
回顾了气候变化背景下的极端降水事件变化观测研究的主要进展,结合全球变化的特点,重点讨论了中国极端降水事件的变化特征。指出：最近50多年,我国降水强度普遍趋于增加,降水日数除西北地区外其他大部分地区显著减少。极端降水与总降水量变化之间的关系很密切,西北西部、长江及长江以南地区极端强降水事件趋于频繁,华北地区虽然极端降水事件频数明显减少,但极端降水量占总降水量的比例仍有所增加。连阴雨产生的年降水量在华北、东北东部和西南东部地区明显减小,在青藏高原东部和一些东南沿海地区则增加。降水日数和微量降水日数减少是近年来我国干旱化趋势发展的一个重要特点。 相似文献
8.
山东省汛期小时极端强降水分布和变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用山东省1961—2012年74个气象站逐时降水数据,分析研究了山东省汛期(5—9月)小时极端强降水的时空变化和日变化特征。结果表明:(1)山东省小时极端强降水量和频次呈大致的带状分布,由东南沿海向西北内陆递减。山东中西部极端小时强降水强度较大,鲁西、鲁西北、鲁西南及半岛西部一带极端强降水量占比较高。(2)山东历年各站平均小时极端降水量、频次、强度均呈不显著的增多增强趋势。鲁南、鲁西北和半岛东部、北部等地降水量增多趋势明显,鲁南、鲁东南、鲁西、半岛中东部降水强度增强趋势明显。(3)下午(15时)至傍晚(20时)是山东省小时极端强降水主要发生时段。降水量和降水频次在11—18时呈减少趋势,其他时段多为增加趋势。降水强度的变化在上午基本为减弱趋势,其他时次多为不同程度的增强趋势。(4)7月小时极端降水量和降水频次最大,一日中有两个高值中心。(5)山东夜间两个时段21时至次日02时、03—08时段平均和大部分区域极端强降水有增多趋势。 相似文献
9.
选取1981—2019年河北省雄安新区及上游保定地区共19个国家观测站的逐日降水资料,基于百分位法和线性倾向估计法,对上述地区极端降水的时空分布和演变趋势等进行了分析.结果表明:各百分阈值具有相似性,以第95百分位数作为极端降水阈值得到的各站年平均极端降水量及其在总降水量中所占比例的分布情况大体一致,大值区集中在山区到平原的过渡地区.2001年起极端降水总站次在波动中上升;7—8月极端降水最为频繁,10月平均极端降水日站次最多.年平均极端降水量、日数及其在总降水量中所占比例的变化趋势较为一致,阜平、西南部浅山区以及雄安新区北面的高碑店呈递增趋势;年平均极端降水强度呈增加的站点分布较为广泛.浅山区极端降水强度最大;山区年平均极端降水日数最多;平原年平均极端降水量最小.5—8月浅山区的年均极端降水强度均为各区域中最大;平原次之;山区最小.7月各区域年平均极端降水日数均在1d以上;山区5—9月年平均极端降水日数均为最多. 相似文献
10.
极端强降水的检测是气候变化评估研究的重要内容,陕西地处南北气候分界线,探讨该区域的极端强降水变化特征具有重要的科学价值。基于1961—2011年陕西日降水资料,利用Mann-Kendall趋势检验方法,分析日最大降水量、日平均降水强度、夏季日最大降水量、夏季日平均降水强度、夏季强降水日数的时空变化特征。结果表明:全球变暖背景下,陕西极端降水的时空分布特征发生明显变化,年最大降水量和强降水发生频次均呈现增加趋势,并分别在20世纪70年代中期和20世纪80年代中期发生突变。陕北的强降水发生频次增加明显,关中和陕南的年最大降水量增加显著。夏季强降水的空间变化则较为复杂,陕北夏季降水强度呈现一致的增加趋势,而关中和陕南夏季降水的强度和频次在各县区之间的变化差异较大。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
16.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献