共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
1.
Earthquake-induced building collapse and progressive collapse due to accidental local failure of vertical components are the two most common failure modes of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures. Conventional design methods usually focus on the design requirements of a specific hazard but neglect the interactions between different designs. For example, the progressive collapse design of an RC frame often yields increased reinforcement and flexural strength of the beams. As a result, the seismic design principle of “strong-column-weak-beam” may be violated, which may lead to unfavorable failure modes and weaken the seismic performance. To avoid these adverse effects of the progressive collapse design on the seismic resistance of RC frames, a novel structural detailing is proposed in this study. The proposed detailing technique intends to concurrently improve the seismic and progressive collapse performances of an RC frame by changing the layout of the newly added longitudinal reinforcement against progressive collapse without introducing any additional reinforcement. A six-story RC frame is used as the prototype building for this investigation. Both cyclic and progressive collapse tests are conducted to validate the performance of the proposed structural detailing. Based on the experimental results, detailed finite element (FE) models of the RC frame with different reinforcement layouts are established. The seismic and progressive collapse resistances of different models are compared based on the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and nonlinear dynamic alternate path (AP) methods, respectively. The results indicate that the proposed structural detailing can effectively resolve the conflict between the seismic and progressive collapse designs. 相似文献
2.
Angelo Masi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2003,1(3):371-395
The seismic vulnerability of some frame structures, typical of existing Reinforced Concrete buildings designed only to vertical
loads, has been evaluated. They are representative of building types widely present in the Italian building stock of the last
30 years. A simulated design of the structures has been made with reference to the codes in force, the available handbooks
and the current practice at the time of construction. The seismic response is calculated through non linear dynamic analyses
with artificial and natural accelerograms. Three main types have been examined: bare frames, regularly infilled frames and
pilotis frames. The results show a high vulnerability for the pilotis buildings: they can be assigned to the class B of the
European Macroseismic Scale of 1998 (EMS98). On the contrary, a low vulnerability (class D of EMS98) can be attributed to
the regularly infilled buildings: in this case collapse can be considered unlikely also with strong earthquakes. An intermediate
seismic behavior is shown by buildings without infills, whose vulnerability can be placed between the classes B and C of EMS98.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Pier Paolo Rossi 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(14):2227-2248
The paper deals with the analysis of the seismic behaviour and design of tied braced frames (TBFs). The behavioural properties of TBFs are described and a comparison drawn with standard eccentrically braced frames. A design procedure is then proposed that aims to achieve optimal collapse seismic behaviour, i.e. a global collapse mechanism characterized by uniform plastic rotations of links. The procedure is based on the displacement‐based approach so as to achieve direct and efficient control of the peak ground acceleration of collapse. Applications are carried out on systems with different numbers of storeys and lengths of links to obtain confirmation of the accuracy of the design hypotheses and methodologies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
5.
2020年6月交通运输部发布了新版《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》（JTG/T 2231-01-2020）（简称"《公规》"）。本文比较了现行《铁路工程抗震设计规范》（GB 50111-2006）（2009年版）（以下简称"《铁规》"）与《公规》的抗震设计相关内容,并分别采用两本规范对25m墩高（D类）、35m墩高（C类）和40m墩高（B类）简支梁进行抗震设计,比较二者地震力和配筋设计结果差异。结果表明:《公规》和《铁规》的抗震设计框架和内容基本一致,在具体规定上如E2或罕遇地震设计最大加速度响应值以及桥墩强度和延性验算方法等方面不同;D类桥梁《铁规》地震力明显大于《公规》,C类和B类桥梁《铁规》和《公规》地震力相当;地震力相同时,《铁规》配筋率计算值大于《公规》,因《铁规》配筋设计基于容许应力法,而《公规》基于极限状态法。 相似文献
6.
7.
Loss estimation for non‐ductile reinforced concrete building in Victoria,British Columbia,Canada: effects of mega‐thrust Mw9‐class subduction earthquakes and aftershocks 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper presents, within the performance‐based earthquake engineering framework, a comprehensive probabilistic seismic loss estimation method that accounts for main sources of uncertainty related to hazard, vulnerability, and loss. The loss assessment rigorously integrates multiple engineering demand parameters (maximum and residual inter‐story drift ratio and peak floor acceleration) with consideration of mainshock–aftershock sequences. A 4‐story non‐ductile reinforced concrete building located in Victoria, British Colombia, Canada, is considered as a case study. For 100 mainshock and mainshock–aftershock earthquake records, incremental dynamic analysis is performed, and the three engineering demand parameters are fitted with a probability distribution and corresponding dependence computed. Finally, with consideration of different demolition limit states, loss assessment is performed. From the results, it can be shown that when seismic vulnerability models are integrated with seismic hazard, the aftershock effects are relatively minor in terms of overall seismic loss (1–4% increase). Moreover, demolition limit state parameters, uncertainties of collapse fragility, and non‐collapse seismic demand prediction models have showed significant contribution to the loss assessment. The seismic loss curves for the reference case and for cases with the varied parameters can differ by as large as about 150%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
8.
A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE METHOD OF SEISMIC INTENSITY ASSESSMENT BASED ON RESIDENTIAL BUILDING DATA AND HIGH RESOLUTION REMOTE SENSING IMAGES 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 After destructive earthquakes, the assessment result of seismic intensity is an important decision-making basis for emergency rescue, recovery and reconstruction. This job requires higher timeliness by government and society. Because remote sensing technology is not affected by the terrible traffic conditions on the ground after the earthquake, large-scale seismic damage information in the earthquake area can be collected in a short time by the remote sensing image. The remote sensing technique plays a more and more important role in rapid acquisition of seismic damage information, emergency rescue decision-making, seismic intensity assessment and other work. On the basis of previous studies, this paper proposes a new method to assess seismic intensity by using remote sensing image, i.e. to interpret the building collapse rate of a residential quarter after an earthquake by high-resolution remote sensing images. If there already are detailed building data and building structure vulnerability matrix data of a residential area, we can calculate the building collapse rate under any intensity values in this residential area by using the theory of earthquake damage prediction. Assuming that the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing is equal to the building collapse rate predicted by using the existing data, it will be easy to calculate the actual seismic intensity of the residential area in this earthquake event. Based on this idea, according to the relevant standard specifications issued by China Earthquake Administration, this paper puts forward some functional models, such as the calculation model of building collapse rate based on remote sensing, the data matrix model of residential building structure, the prediction function matrix model of residential building collapse rate and the prediction model of residential building collapse rate. A formula for calculating seismic intensity by using remote sensing interpretation of collapse rate is also proposed. To test and verify the proposed method, this paper takes two neighboring blocks of Jiegu Town after the Yushu M7.1 earthquake in Qinghai Province as an example. The building structure matrix of the study block was constructed by using pre-earthquake 0.6m resolution satellite remote sensing image(QuickBird, acquired on November 6, 2004), post-earthquake 0.2m aerial remote sensing image(acquired by National Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, April 15, 2010) and some field investigation data. The building collapse rate in the two blocks was calculated by using the interpretation results of seismic damage from the Remote Sensing Technology Coordinating Group of China Seismological Bureau. The seismic damage matrix of building structures in Yushu area is constructed by using the abundant scientific data of the scientific investigation team of the project “Comprehensive Scientific Investigation of the Yushu M7.1 Earthquake in Qinghai Province” of China Seismological Bureau. On this basis, the collapse rate prediction function of different structures in Yushu area is constructed. According to the prediction function of collapse rate and the building structure matrix of the two blocks, the building collapse rate under different intensity values is predicted, and the curve of intensity-collapse rate function is drawn. By comparing the building collapse rate interpreted by remote sensing and the intensity-collapse rate function curve of this two blocks, the seismic intensity of both blocks are calculated to be the same value: Ⅸ degree, which is consistent with the results of the field scientific investigation of the earthquake. The validation shows that the method proposed in this paper can effectively avoid the influence caused by the difference of seismic performance of buildings and accurately evaluate seismic intensity when using remote sensing technique. The method has certain application value for earthquake emergency work. 相似文献
9.
以往基于模态增量动力方法对公共建筑进行抗地震倒塌能力评估时是单纯地从总体角度进行考察的,其得到的结果较为粗糙,无法准确反映出公共建筑的抗地震倒塌能力,导致其经济效益较差。提出新的公共建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力优化评估方法以分析公共建筑整体的抗地震倒塌能力,总结出其与子结构以及构件三者间的关系,进而研究构件的损毁情况,以实现对建筑抗地震倒塌能力的整体评估。基于公共建筑的倒塌破坏区间,采用其结构抗震倒塌能力评估方法,对公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力实施优化评估分析,得到其具体破坏指数,实现对其进行准确评估。实验结果说明,所提方法可准确描述公共建筑结构的抗地震倒塌能力,提高建筑结构抗地震倒塌能力和经济效益。 相似文献
10.
Adding dampers is a commonly adopted seismic risk mitigation strategy for modern buildings, and the corresponding design procedure of dampers has been well established by the Chinese Building Code. Even though all types of dampers are designed by the same procedure, actual seismic performance of the building may differ from one to the others. In this study, a nine-story benchmark steel building is established, and three different and typical types of dampers are designed according to the Chinese Building Code to realize structural vibration control under strong earthquake excitation. The seismic response of the prototype building equipped with a viscoelastic damper, viscous damper and buckling-restrained brace(BRB) subjected to 10 earthquake records are calculated, and Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA) is performed to describe progressive damage of the structure under increasing earthquake intensity. In the perspective of fragility, it shows that the viscoelastic damper has the highest collapse margin ratio(CMR), and the viscous damper provides the best drift control. Both the BRB and viscoelastic dampers can effectively reduce the floor acceleration responses in the mid-rise building. 相似文献
11.
This paper presents the development and assessment of a simplified procedure for estimating the seismic sidesway collapse margin ratio of building structures. The proposed procedure is based on the development of a robust database of seismic peak displacement responses of nonlinear single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems for various seismic intensities and uses nonlinear static (pushover) analysis without the need for nonlinear time history dynamic analysis. The proposed simplified procedure is assessed by comparing its collapse capacity predictions on 72 different building structures with those obtained by nonlinear incremental dynamic analyses. The proposed simplified procedure offers a simple, yet efficient, computational/analytical tool that is capable of predicting collapse capacities with acceptable accuracy for a wide variety of frame building structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
Effects of vertical irregularity and thickness of unreinforced masonry infill on the robustness of RC framed buildings 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Presence of irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings increases seismic vulnerability. During severe seismic shaking, such buildings may suffer disproportionate damage or even collapse that can be minimized by increasing robustness. Robustness is a desirable property of structural systems that can mitigate susceptible buildings to disproportionate collapse. In this paper, the effects of vertical irregularity and thickness of unreinforced masonry infill on the robustness of a six‐story three‐bay RC frame are quantified. Nonlinear static analysis of the frame is performed, and parametric study is undertaken by considering two parameters: absence of masonry infill at different floors (i.e., vertical irregularities) and infill thickness. Robustness has been quantified in terms of stiffness, base shear, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity of the frame. It was observed that the infill thickness and vertical irregularity have significant influence on the response of RC frame. The response surface method is used to develop a predictive equation for robustness as a function of the two parameters. The predictive equation is validated further using 12 randomly selected computer simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
在传统输电塔抗震分析中,通常假设输电塔固定在地面上,而不考虑土G结构相互作用(SoilG Structure Interaction,SSI)对结构的影响,从而可能导致输电塔抗震性能评估不准确.依托某 1000kV输电铁塔实际工程,对地震动激励下考虑SSI的输电塔进行综合的地震响应、倒塌破坏和倒塌易损性分析.在 ABAQUS中,通过沿桩体设置依据 API规范确定的零长度弹簧模拟土体与桩体间的相互作用,建立考虑SSI的输电塔有限元模型.基于数值模型,开展输电塔动力特性和结构动力响应分析.采用增量动力分析(Incremental Dynamic Analysis,IDA)方法,研究SSI对输电塔倒塌机理和易损性的影响.结果表明:考虑和未考虑SSI的输电塔振型相似,但自振频率相差较大;忽略SSI会低估输电塔的地震响应,同时高估输电塔的抗倒塌能力.因此考虑SSI可以提高输电塔抗震能力,进而确保输电线路的安全性. 相似文献
14.
Vladimir Yu. Sokolov Chin-Hsuing Loh Kuo-Liang Wen 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2003,23(8):715-735
We analyze the ability of different spectral models to describe the frequency content of ground motion during the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake (MW=7.6, Taiwan) and two large (ML=6.8) aftershocks. The spectral models evaluated include the one-corner model of Brune applied with various key parameters (seismic moment and stress drop), and the two-corner-frequency models proposed for eastern North America [Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 83 (1993) 1778] and California [Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am. 90 (2000) 255]. The ground-motion spectra predicted by these spectral models for hypothetical very hard rock site were compared with the Chi–Chi earthquake data obtained on rock (class B) and soft rock or very dense soil (class C) sites. The approach also allows us evaluating the generalized empirical amplification function for class B and C sites in the region.
It has been found that, the amplitude spectra of recorded ground acceleration (the mainshock and aftershocks) for frequencies larger than 0.3–0.4 Hz agree with the modelled two-corner-frequency spectra calculated using the model proposed for California. The single-corner-frequency model also provides a good agreement with the observations when using so-called ‘short-period seismic moment’ [Phys. Earth Planet. Interiors 37 (1985) 108] instead of the reported values obtained from long-period waves. The key parameters used in the single-corner model coincide with parameters of subsources evaluated for the complicated mainshock source. Therefore, it is possible to confirm the suggestion that the short-period seismic waves, at least for the thrust earthquakes, are generated mainly from the fracture of small-scale heterogeneities. The use of two-corner-frequency source model for earthquake spectrum that is based on long-period seismic moment value is equivalent, for frequencies larger than 0.3–0.4 Hz, to the use of single-corner-frequency model that is based on the parameters of major subsource. 相似文献
15.
近年来,随着经济、技术的进步以及抗震意识的加强,建筑结构加固也飞速发展。在地震多发的农村地区,为了提高建筑结构的抗震性能,但同时又缺乏一定的经济基础和理论知识支撑,导致很多简单粗糙的支撑建筑结构的措施出现,这些支撑方案大多缺乏科学的设计与评估。本文针对这一现象,以某典型的非正规设计的3层2跨框架结构为例,分析评价支撑边框和支撑中框对该框架结构地震作用下抗倒塌性能的影响。通过增量动力分析（IDA）计算方法,结合结构易损性方程评估结构的抗倒塌能力,计算结果表明支撑中框和支撑边框能够将非正规结构在罕遇地震作用下的倒塌概率从17.5%降至2.4%和6%。在此基础上,进一步分析了2种支撑位置对结构在3个典型地震强度作用下对结构响应的影响。结果表明,支撑框架结构中框对结构抗倒塌能力的提升和抗震性能的保证效果比支撑边框更好,在条件允许的情况下,应优先考虑支撑中框。 相似文献
16.
曲线桥梁在役期间可能面临地震灾害,导致结构损坏甚至坍塌,为了评估在役桥梁的抗震性能,提出基于损伤分析的曲线梁桥抗震性能评估方法。建立旧曲线梁桥有限元模型,基于损伤分析的原理,提出适合曲线梁桥地震响应特性的构件损伤模型,在全桥有限元模型中输入不同类型地震动,计算各构件的损伤指数,并结合旧桥检算系数,由各构件损伤指数综合得到桥梁的整体损伤指数。结果表明:不同地震动下主梁会发生碰撞破坏,桥梁两端的支座容易发生移位,桥墩沿横桥向或顺桥向均会产生位移;不同地震动对主梁、支座、桥墩等构件造成的损害程度有较大差异,各构件的地震响应会影响桥梁整体结构的抗震性能,其中桥墩对桥梁整体抗震性能的影响最大,桥墩位移超过极限值可能导致倒塌;主梁反复碰撞会加剧桥梁的破坏程度,桥梁两端支座在地震作用下更容易发生损坏。 相似文献
17.
A risk-targeted design spectral acceleration and the corresponding seismic design action for the force-based design of structures is introduced by means of two formulations. The first one called direct formulation utilizes the seismic hazard function at the site of the structure. Because the seismic action defined in the codes is often associated with a designated return period, an indirect formulation is also introduced. It incorporates a risk-targeted safety factor that can be used to define a risk-targeted reduction factor. It is shown that the proposed formulations give analogical results and provide an insight into the concept of the reduction of seismic forces for the force-based seismic design of structures if the objective is defined by a target collapse risk. The introduced closed-form solution for the risk-targeted reduction factor can be used to investigate how the target collapse risk, the seismic hazard parameters, the randomness of the seismic action, and the conventional parameters (ie, the overstrength factor and the deformation and energy dissipation capacity) affect the seismic design forces in the case of force-based design. However, collaborative research is needed in order to develop appropriate models of these parameters. In the second part of the paper, the proposed formulations are demonstrated by estimating the risk-targeted seismic design action for a six-storey reinforced concrete building. By verifying the collapse risk of the designed structure, it is demonstrated that the risk-targeted seismic action, in conjunction with a conventional force-based design, provided structure with acceptable performance when measured in terms of collapse risk. 相似文献
18.
Reponses of structures subjected to severe earthquakes sometimes significantly surpass what was considered in the design. It is important to investigate the failure mechanism and collapse margin of structures beyond design, especially for high-rise buildings. In this study, steel high-rise buildings using either square concrete-filled-tube (CFT) columns or steel tube columns are designed. A detailed three-dimensional (3D) structural model is developed to analyze the seismic behavior of a steel high-rise towards a complete collapse. The effectiveness is verified by both component tests and a full-scale shaking table test. The collapse margin, which is defined as the ratio of PGA between the collapse level to the design major earthquake level (Level 2), is quantified by a series of numerical simulations using incremental dynamic analyses (IDA). The baseline building using CFT columns collapsed with a weak first story mechanism and presented a collapse margin ranging from 10 to 20. The significant variation in the collapse margin was caused by the different characteristics of the input ground motions. The building using equivalent steel columns collapsed earlier due to the significant shortening of the locally buckled columns, exhibiting only 57% of the collapse margin of the baseline building. The influence of reducing the height of the first story was quite significant. The shortened first story not only enlarged the collapse margin by 20%, but also changed the collapse mode. 相似文献
19.
Irregular reinforced concrete (RC) buildings constitute a significant portion of the existing housing stock. A common type of irregularity is in the form of discontinuity in the vertical framing elements, which can exacerbate their seismic vulnerability. The design guidelines available in seismic design codes essentially cater to only regular buildings, and the safety of such buildings, even when the other guidelines of the codes are followed, is doubtful. This article evaluates the vulnerability of RC frame buildings with discontinuity in columns designed for modern seismic codes, in the form of seismic collapse capacity, collapse resistance against maximum earthquake demand level, and failure mechanism. The adequacy and limitations of the provisions of the seismic design codes are evaluated for such buildings. Analysis results show that the sequential analysis of buildings considering the construction staged effects, considerably affects the design and hence the collapse failure mechanism of even low- and mid-rise buildings. The results also underline the importance of strong column–weak beam design in the seismic performance of the floating column buildings. The vertical component of ground motion is also observed to be relatively more crucial in floating column buildings. 相似文献
20.
Andreas J. Kappos 《地震工程与结构动力学》1991,20(2):167-176
Criteria to be used for the analytical prediction of collapse of R/C buildings subjected to earthquake excitation are suggested. It is attempted to include in the criteria as many of the parameters involved as possible, while keeping the complexity, as well as the cost of analysis reasonably low. Two combined collapse criteria are finally suggested, corresponding to member failure and storey failure. Using these criteria, quantitative estimations can be obtained of the actual values of behaviour factors (q-factors) used in modern seismic codes. The ground motion dependence of these factors, as well as the sensitivity of their calculated values to the assumption made about the stiffness of R/C members, is illustrated with reference to two typical structures. 相似文献