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四川赤普MVT铅锌矿床成矿与古老油气藏关系密切。通过对矿床不同成矿阶段硫化物硫同位素和热液碳酸盐碳、氧同位素系统研究,结合沥青有机质的有机地球化学特征,探讨油气参与金属成矿的详细过程。取得主要认识如下：(1)油气系统中先存的H2S是成矿早阶段主要的硫源, TSR作用启动后还原硫酸盐,为成矿提供另一硫源。Mg2+可能是控制成矿过程中TSR作用的一个因素;(2)热液碳酸盐矿物碳(氧)同位素组成指示了 TSR 作用氧化的有机碳与流体溶解围岩碳酸盐岩中碳的不均匀混合作用;(3)矿床中与成矿作用有关的有机质(沥青)具有高-过成熟度特征和低芳烃含量,或是其参与了 TSR 作用的一个标志;(4)川滇黔地区油气成藏-破坏和赤普铅锌成矿可能是盆山演化过程中不同阶段或是同一阶段不同时代的产物,铅锌矿床形成与古老油气藏破坏密切相关。 相似文献
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用有机岩石学、元素分析和饱和烃气相色谱等方法,分析了凡口铅锌矿矿区有机质的有机地球化学特征,对有机质在该铅锌矿成矿地球化学过程中的作用进行了初步探讨。该矿区的主岩富含有机质,有机碳含量为0．03％-0．4％,平均为0．16％,有机碳和金属矿化有同步变化趋势。有机质具有高的演化程度,经换算,镜质体反射率为1．92％-3．55％,且绝大多数高于3．0％。饱和烃气相色谱的特征表明,含矿地段的有机质在成矿热液的作用下发生热裂解和热变质,其裂解产生的甲烷和新生成的干酪根等有机化合物作为还原剂,使硫酸根还原成硫化氢,还原生成的硫化氢进一步与成矿金属离子反应生成金属硫化物沉淀,并最终富集成矿。另外,草莓状黄铁矿的存在,说明了在沉积作用早期,细菌可能直接参与了成矿作用。 相似文献
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许多学者探讨过菌藻生物与形成南京栖霞山铅锌银多金属矿床的预富集作用。然而，生物成矿作用是一个随地质作用的发展而发展演化的过程，本文详细研究了矿床中的矿化生物以及矿石中的吸附有机质，证实它们源自菌菏生物，结合非打开性的红外和荧光光谱方法以及打开性的ＧＣ－ＭＳ分析，重点研究了矿床中发现的有机包裹体，检测出成矿流体中的系列生物标志化合物，证实成矿流体中的有机质也源自菌藻生物。根据成矿流体中有机质特征，矿石中成矿元素闻的关系以及有机质中所古的金属元素，论证了这些源自苗藻生物的有机质、有机流体对成矿元素的活化迁移和还原沉淀作用，建立了生物－有机质－流体成矿系统。 相似文献
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西成矿田泥盆系铅锌矿床中的有机成矿作用 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
西成矿田是秦岭多金属成矿带最重要的铅锌矿田之一.从有机地球化学特征、有机质和有机分子与金属元素的关系、矿石、围岩及与矿石共生的炭沥青的元素分析及有机流体萃取金属元素的模拟实验方面出发, 探讨了有机质在西成铅锌矿田形成过程中的作用.结果表明: (1) 与矿化有关的岩石(硅质岩和灰岩), 主峰碳数均为nC18, 中间支链烷烃、伽玛蜡烷、胡萝卜烷系列含量比非矿化岩石高; (2) 与矿化有关岩石(硅质岩和大理岩) 的生物母源以菌藻类低等生物为主, 并有陆源母质混入, 矿床形成于还原环境, 矿床中存在来源相同或相似的异源有机质; (3) Pb、Zn元素与芳烃、氯芳沥青“A”、非烃+沥青呈显著的负相关; 与非烃、有机硫、有机硫/(有机碳× 1.22) 比值呈正相关关系; Pb、Zn元素与正构烷烃、甾萜烷、胡萝卜烷等有机分子丰度具正相关关系, 而与w(∑C22-)/w(∑C22+)、w(三环萜烷)/w(四环萜烷)、w(C20+C21)/w(C23+C24)及w(萜烷)/w(甾烷) 等有机分子比值具负相关关系; (4) 炭沥青与围岩、矿石中子活化分析结果表明, 在后期改造成矿作用中, 炭沥青与矿石有紧密联系, 有机质和成矿元素一起在改造成矿期抵达成矿部位并参与了成矿; (5) 模拟实验表明, 在热水流体中, 有机水的加入增大了对Pb、Zn元素的溶解能力, 增加了岩样释放成矿元素的能力, 有机质在热水流体运移过程中确实对成矿元素发生了作用.在此基础上, 提出生物有机质在西成地区铅锌矿床的形成过程中发挥了重要作用. 相似文献
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贵州天柱早寒武世黑色岩系重晶石矿床有机地球化学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
贵州天柱大河边早寒武世黑色岩系重晶石矿床在全球同类矿床中储量最大,是研究的热点,含矿岩系富有机质,但对其研究薄弱。本文对这些有机质新进行了系统的有机地球化学研究,并进一步结合其有机岩石学特征,研究讨论了尚存有争议的矿床成因。结果发现,成矿岩系中有机质含量丰富,有机碳含量最高可达8.3%,有机质母质主要来源于低等菌藻类,它们在成矿过程中发挥了重要作用;矿床形成于缺氧还原的海水环境,典型证据包括强烈的植烷优势,姥植比小于0.4,普遍检出四环萜烷与伽马蜡烷等;还受到热水作用影响,典型证据包括成矿岩系具有较高的沥青反射率,矿层比与围岩的有机质含量低,以及矿层干酪根同位素组成高于围岩等。据此,提出矿床经历了热水喷流与生物有机质的共同作用,建立了成矿新模式。这些认识还可望对其他沉积岩型矿床研究提供一定启示。 相似文献
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分析了金顶铅锌矿床同位素及生物标志化合物特征,探讨了矿床成矿物质来源及有机成矿作用。结果表明,矿石铅主要来自上地幔,成矿流体主要为地幔流体和盆地卤水。矿区有机质的母质来源以低等水生生源的海藻类为主,同时伴随有一定量的陆源高等植物组分的输入,有机质来源于三叠纪三合洞组碳酸盐岩地层。有机质在成矿作用中可能起到的作用有：还原硫酸盐提供成矿所需的硫源;形成有机一金属络合物,活化运移成矿金属元素;改变成矿物理化学环境对成矿物质的还原沉淀作用。 相似文献
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冲绳海槽JADE热液块状硫化物矿床的成因一直受地质学家关注。近年来,人们在矿物学、成矿元素的化学和分带及成矿流体来源等方面的研究已取得有意义的进展。但是,很少有地质学家对JADE热液块状硫化物矿床的有机地球化学进行研究。对JADE热液硫化物矿石进行的Rock-Eval分析得知,矿石中总有机碳(TOC)比较低,可溶有机质含量非常低。与此相似,冲绳海槽海底表面沉积物也缺乏有机碳,可能反映了其上部水体有机质碎片较少或无机物的沉积速度相对较高。GC-MS分析表明饱和烃分布范围广(C~(15)—C~(35)),主碳峰碳数较高,当碳数n>C~(25)时,有明显的奇数碳优势(CPI=1.2);所有样品都含有多环芳香烃(PAH),进一步提供了热液活动的证据。与碳 相似文献
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产于火山岩中的沥青铀矿床常伴生Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等元素,形成铀多金属矿床和矿田。文中在认识花岗岩型铀多金属矿田成因的基础上,对华北沽源盆地和华南仁差盆地的铀多金属矿田的主要矿床成矿特征进行对比研究。结果表明此类矿床是火山岩地层之后的热液矿床,其形成与岩浆喷发过程无关。热液成矿作用一般有早、晚两期：早期主要为亲硫元素,形成金属硫化物矿床;晚期为亲氧元素成矿,形成沥青铀矿床。盆地的沉降使得早期金属硫化物成矿壳层位置下降,从而缩短了与晚期重熔界面之间的距离,造成晚期氧化物(沥青铀矿)成矿壳层在空间上与其重叠或靠近,从而形成氧(沥青铀矿)硫(金属硫化物)复合矿床(矿田)。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献