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1.
《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2016,(6)
在岩心观察和沉积相研究基础上,对长江河口区H1孔末次冰期以来沉积物样品进行了粒度分析,讨论了沉积物粒度特征与水动力条件演化关系。分析表明,研究区末次冰期以来先后经历了河床、河漫滩、河口湾、浅海和三角洲等5种沉积环境。其中,河床相砂含量很高,平均粒径和环境敏感粒级最粗,分选变化较大,概率累积曲线主要为跳跃总体为主的两段式,频率分布曲线为单峰式且主峰粒径大;河漫滩沉积物整体粒度较细,以粉砂为主,分选较稳定,累积曲线仍以两段式为主,但悬浮总体比例较河床相高,环境敏感粒级更细;河口湾沉积物明显分异为粗细两类,分选波动较大,累积曲线主要为具过渡段的跳跃总体为主的两段式,双峰式粒度频率分布;浅海相平均粒径最细,分选性差但稳定,具悬浮一段式的累积曲线,粒度频率分布为单峰式且主峰粒径很小,环境敏感细粒组分分布宽泛;三角洲沉积物主要为砂和粉砂,分选性相对较好,累积曲线为跳跃总体为主的两段式,单峰式粒度频率分布但主峰粒径变化较大。总体上,H1孔沉积物的粒度特征能较好地反映研究区末次冰期以来沉积环境水动力条件"强—较弱—较强—弱—较强"的变化过程。 相似文献
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通过对金州湾海域72个表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,探讨了金州湾表层沉积物物质组成和粒度参数的分布特征,根据粒度参数特征,利用Q型聚类分析将研究区划分为3组沉积区,结合粒度频率分布曲线、粒度概率累积曲线和C-M图阐述沉积物的粒径组成、沉积动力条件和沉积物的搬运沉积条件。结果表明：研究区沉积物类型为粘土质粉砂、粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂、砂和砂 粉砂 粘土。研究区可划分为3种沉积环境,Ⅰ组沉积环境：沉积物类型以砂质粉砂和粘土质粉砂为主,粒径较小,含部分粗组分颗粒物,分选差,粒度频率分布曲线呈双峰,形成较为封闭静稳的海湾环境;Ⅱ组沉积环境：沉积物类型以粘土质粉砂为主,粒径小、分选较差 差,沉积环境较为复杂,为受潮流和沿岸流作用的沉积环境;Ⅲ组沉积环境：沉积物类型以粉砂质砂和砂为主,粒径较大、分选较差,为受潮流和海流影响的沉积环境。整体上由东向西,沉积物呈现出细 较粗 粗的变化趋势。其原因在于机场人工岛的建设阻挡了潮流和海流的作用,导致东部的I、Ⅱ组沉积环境形成较为封闭的环境;Ⅲ组沉积环境为离岸较远的海洋环境,水动力较强,海洋性特征明显。因此机场人工岛的建设对金州湾海域沉积物的分布产生了显著影响。 相似文献
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福建洛阳江河口湿地沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境意义 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
沉积物粒度是反映湿地沉积环境的重要指标之一．利用Mastersizer2000型激光粒度仪对取自福建洛阳江河口不同类型湿地的6根短柱状沉积物样品进行了粒度分析．结果显示,该地区沉积物基本为粘土质粉砂,红树林湿地内的沉积物最细,分选程度最好;互花米草湿地圈闭了大量水流带来的粗、细颗粒物质,导致平均粒径相对较大,分选相对较差．粒度参数的相关分析结果显示,平均粒径与分选系数的显著正线性相关,揭示了该地区水动力作用弱、物质来源单一的沉积环境,显著增加了河口湿地沉积速率． 相似文献
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南黄海部分典型海域沉积物粒度特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究南黄海不同典型海域沉积物的粒度特征及其对沉积环境和水动力条件的响应特征,对南黄海海域6个柱状样沉积物进行了激光粒度测试,得到样品的粒度概率分布曲线、平均粒径、分选系数、偏度和峰度等粒度参数,初步探讨了南黄海不同海域特征水动力条件下粒度的响应特征.结果表明,山东半岛东侧海域具有沿岸流水动力条件强,黄河物质输入量大,导致沉积物具有粒径较粗、极正偏和单峰分布的粒度特征;在山东半岛更靠东的海域,水动力条件减弱,受沿岸流和冷水团的共同作用,沉积物具有粒径较细及双峰分布的粒度特征;靠近冷水团中心的沉积物主要受冷水团的作用,沉积物具有垂向均匀且较细、负偏及单峰分布的粒度特征,与此处非常弱且单一的水动力条件相关联;老黄河口外的水下三角洲主要受到沿岸流的侵蚀与改造作用,在一定范围内,改造作用的强度随离岸距离的增加而随之增强,沉积物粒度也由细变粗;以沿岸流侵蚀作用为主的南黄海西部海域,沉积物粒度较粗,概率分布曲线呈粗端多峰分布.因此,沉积物的粒度特征很好地记录了南黄海不同的典型沉积环境中的水动力条件状态和特征. 相似文献
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自1855年黄河入海位置由黄海改为渤海以来,尾闾经历了十余次大的改道,最近的两次大的人工改道分别发生于1976年和1996年。研究了取自黄河水下三角洲的两个沉积物岩心,系统开展了沉积物粒度、210 Pb放射性同位素分析。研究表明:两个沉积物岩心垂向上粒度组成出现突变,它们记录了1976、1996年两次黄河入海口的变迁。其中A19站下段(14.0~24.0cm)属于三角洲沉积,上段(0~14.0cm)属于海岸沉积,记录了1996年黄河从清水沟改道清8汊入海的河口变迁;A25站下段(15.5~24.0cm)属于正常海岸环境沉积,上段(0~15.5cm)属于三角洲沉积,记录了1976年黄河从刁口改道清水沟入海的变动。黄河入海口的变动导致该处沉积物岩心中210Pb曲线复杂化,出现了阶段式、倒置式等形态,该曲线形态与黄河入海口的波动相一致。 相似文献
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琼州海峡东口潮流沙脊主要受到东西向往复流和地形地貌的控制,是我国重要的海砂资源地。通过对琼州海峡东口海域350个站位的表层样粒度数据的分析,探讨了研究区的沉积物粒度特征,并划分了沉积环境。结果显示,研究区底质类型共17种,以砂、砾质砂、砾质泥质砂、泥质砂质砾、砂质粉砂为主,其中潮流沙脊区,主要分布有砂、砾质砂和砾质泥质砂,以东则分布有砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂,砂质砾和泥质砂质砾多分布于冲刷槽内。研究区沉积物砾、砂、粉砂、粘土的平均占比分别为9.7%、71.0%、15.3%、4.0%,平均粒径为2.15 φ,分选系数为1.69,其中潮流沙脊区砂占比多超过95.0%,平均粒径多小于2.00 φ,分选较好,随着水动力的减弱,由西向东,沉积物逐渐变细。通过聚类分析,研究区共划分出6类沉积区,Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类沉积区分别代表潮流沙脊区和冲刷海槽区,Ⅲ类代表海湾环境,Ⅳ类代表潮流沙脊前缘,Ⅴ类代表开阔陆架,Ⅵ类代表河口水下三角洲沉积环境。 相似文献
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本文以渤海中部BZ01与B62两根柱状样沉积物为研究对象,通过沉积物的粘土矿物组成和黏土粒级(﹤2μ)元素地球化学特征,探讨了柱状样中沉积记录的变化规律,揭示了渤海中部沉积物的主要物质来源。通过对沉积物的研究发现,BZ01与B62柱状样中的粘土矿物组合为伊利石-绿泥石-高岭石-蒙脱石,蒙脱石含量与蒙脱石-伊利石-(高岭石+绿泥石)三角端元图解表明沉积物与黄河沉积物有较大的亲缘性;BZ01与B62柱状样沉积物的稀土元素分异明显,轻稀土元素富集,重稀土元素亏损,两根柱状样沉积物的δEu和δCe值近似,均表现出明显的Eu异常和不明显的Ce异常的特点;物源判别结果表明渤海中部BZ01柱状样的0~155cm段与B62柱状样0~140cm段沉积物与黄河沉积物相接近。根据沉积物的地球化学特征和前人的研究结果,推测1855年的黄河改道是造成BZ01与B62柱状样沉积记录在155和140cm处发生变化的主要原因。 相似文献
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通过对取自渤海湾唐山港海域的161个站位的表层沉积物进行粒度和黏土矿物组成及分布特征分析,探讨不同区域沉积物物质来源及其控制因素。研究结果表明,唐山港海域表层沉积物平均粒径（Mz）为1.4～7.7Φ,主要由粉砂质砂、砂质粉砂以及少量的砂和黏土组成。根据粒度参数特征和端元模型分析,研究区沉积物可以分为3个区和EM1—EM4四个端元：东北部以EM3端元砂和粉砂质砂为主,分选较差、正偏态,沉积环境动力强;中部曹妃甸深槽区以EM4端元砂质粉砂和粉砂质砂为主,分选差、正偏态,沉积环境动力强;南部和北部唐山港附近区域以EM1和EM2端元粉砂为主,分选中等—较差,沉积动力环境较弱。黏土矿物组成主要是伊利石（72%）和蒙脱石（12%）,其次是绿泥石（8%）和高岭石（8%）。物源分析表明,渤海湾唐山港海域表层沉积物中细颗粒组分来源主要是黄河-海河混合来源的陆源碎屑物质,研究区东北部和曹妃甸深槽区可能有部分古滦河三角洲粗颗粒物质的加入。渤海环流和潮余流控制着本区细颗粒沉积物主要向南部和唐山港附近运移,粗颗粒物质向东北部和中部曹妃甸区搬运沉积。 相似文献
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渤海南部Lz908 孔海陆交互沉积的粒度特征及其对沉积环境的指示 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对采自莱州湾南岸的钻孔沉积物样品进行了粒度测试和分析。样品平均粒径介于3.3Φ~6.8Φ,以极细砂和粗粉砂为主,含有少量的黏土质;分选较差;偏度表现为正偏和极正偏;沉积物粒度表现为正态、正态-尖锐和尖锐,少数表现为平坦和极尖锐。粒度象图指示了历史时期持续高的初始沉积水动能和多种沉积环境的变化,粒度参数散点图反映了多种动能影响了沉积物的沉积改造,综合判别分析对沉积环境的限定,得到了莱州湾南岸沉积物受到河水径流、潮流、波浪等共同作用形成。沉积物总体反映了莱州湾南岸长时期处于河流相和三角洲相的沉积环境,少数较细的粒度表现可能与研究区的多期海侵过程相对应。结果表明了粒度的综合分析对渤海南部的沉积环境有良好的辨识,是判断沉积环境的重要指标。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(8):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Nabil Sultan Pierre Cochonat Jean Fran ois Bourillet Florence Cayocca 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(2):107-133
This article presents a methodology developed to evaluate the instability of submarine slopes that extend over a large area. Special attention was paid to (1) the complex geometry (bathymetry) and the expanse of the slope, (2) the heterogeneity of the sediment, and (3) the distribution of the pore pressure. The safety factor was considered as a spatially varying quantity. The General Formulation (GLE, Fredlund and Krahn 1977), which fully satisfies equilibrium conditions, was used for evaluating the stability of the marine slope. The submarine slope failure, which occurred on 16 October 1979 during the construction of the new Nice airport, was studied in order to test the developed model. Geotechnical parameters were taken from experimental tests carried out by IFREMER on 19 cores extracted at different depths (from 27 m to 1300 m) (Cochonat, Bourillet, and Savoye, 1993; Mulder et al., 1994). Many scenarios were proposed in order to explain the cause of the Nice slope failure (Habib, 1994). In this article, two of those scenarios were tested. Simulation results are presented and discussed. 相似文献