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1.
Xiujun Sun Biao Wu Liqing Zhou Zhihong Liu Yinghui Dong Aiguo Yang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(2):279-284
Melanin is one of the essential compounds in the pigments of molluscan shells. However, the effects of melanin on color variations in molluscs are largely unknown. Our previous study suggests that Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis might contain melanin pigment in the dark brown shell. We therefore isolated melanin from the pigmented shells using hydrochloric acid method, and characterized the types of melanin pigments by spectrophotometry. The purified melanin, which was verified by spectrophotometry scanning and HPLC analysis, showed the typical characteristics of melanin absorption spectra and HPLC chromatograms. The contents of pheomelanin and eumelanin in pigmented shells, which were determined by the linear standard curve of melanin at 405 nm and 350 nm absorbance, were 48.23 ± 1.350 and 157.65 ± 5.905 mg, respectively. The present results indicate that the brown-pigmented shells of scallops comprise approximately 76.6% of eumelanin and 23.4% of pheomelanin, which supports the presence of eumelanin-rich pigment in scallop shells. Therefore, the combination of hydrochloric acid extraction and spectrophotometric quantification is a rapid and efficient method to isolate and quantify melanin in shells. This will facilitate the melanin studies related to shell color polymorphism and the selective breeding of bivalves with different shell colors. 相似文献
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Free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis Ueda (Bangiales, Rhodophyta) were treated with60Co-γ rays of different doses (ranging from 100 Gy to 1000 Gy) to induce mutation. Most of the conchocelis maintained the capability
of penetrating into shells, growing and forming colonies in shells, but their vitality was seriously impaired by the irradiation
of γ-rays. A few conchocelis pigments were mutagenized directly into different color pigment mutants whose progeny-conchospores
and foliose thalli had the same colors. However, some irradiated conchocelis did not show the change in color at the conchocelis
stage. The pigment mutation could be observed only after the conchospores of these conchocelis had germinated into young foliose
thalli. Irradiation of low dose (100 Gy) promoted the growth of thallus and many with altered morphology were observed. Conchospores
of the irradiated conchocelis attached to the culture nets were cultured in the sea, and growth of these progenies was observed
and measured. 相似文献
4.
高光谱成像技术作为一种无损高效的检测方法,对于彩绘文物颜料的鉴别具有重要意义。由于全波段参与光谱相似度计算会造成数据的冗余,没有充分利用光谱的细微特征。为此,本文首先对文物颜料光谱吸收特征进行参量化分析,并通过改进的光谱吸收特征拟合算法与标准光谱进行匹配识别,从而得到识别结果。实验以获取的一幅波长为400~1000nm的古代壁画高光谱影像为例,通过光谱吸收特征分析识别出壁画的颜料主要成分有朱砂、赭粉、石绿和石青,4种颜料的光谱吸收特征拟合度分别是:0.95、0.77、0.92、0.81。实验结果表明:对光谱吸收特征分析可以帮助识别彩绘文物的颜料信息,该方法可为以后文物修复提供参考。 相似文献
5.
HPLC pigment profiles of 31 harmful algal bloom species isolated from the coastal sea areas of China
Chemotaxonomy based on diagnostic pigments is now a routine tool for macroscopic determination of the composition and abundance of phytoplankton in various aquatic environments. Since the taxonomic capability of this method depends on the relationships between diagnostic pigments and chlorophyll a of classified groups, it is critical to calibrate it by using pigment relationships obtained from representative and/or dominant species local to targeted investigation area. In this study, pigment profiles of 31 harmful algal bloom(HAB) species isolated from the coastal sea areas of China were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Pigment compositions, cellular pigment densities and ratios of pigments to chlorophyll a were determined and calculated. Among all these species, 25 kinds of pigments were detected, of which fucoxanthin, peridinin, 19'-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19'-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, violaxanthin, and antheraxanthin were diagnostic pigments. Cellular pigment density was basically independent of species and environmental conditions, and therefore was recommended as a bridge to compare the results of HPLC-CHEMTAX technique with the traditional microscopy method. Pigment ratios of algal species isolated from the coast of China, especially the diagnostic pigment ratios, were higher than those from other locations. According to these results, pigment ratio ranges of four classes of phytoplankton common off the coast of China were summarized for using in the current chemotaxonomic method. Moreover, the differences of pigments ratios among different species under the same culturing conditions were consistent with their biological differences. Such differences have the potential to be used to classify the phytoplankton below class, which is meaningful for monitoring HABs by HPLC-CHEMTAX. 相似文献
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华贵栉孔扇贝两种壳色群体生长和消化酶活力比较 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以华贵栉孔扇贝桔黄和紫褐壳色个体为亲本建立两个壳色群体,从壳长、壳高、壳宽和体重几方面进行生长比较,并对两个群体做了淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力比较。结果表明:桔黄壳色群体的平均壳长、平均壳高、平均壳宽和平均体重显著大于紫褐壳色群体(P<0.05)。在24℃、27℃、30℃和33℃条件下,桔黄壳色群体的淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力显著高于紫褐壳色群体(P<0.05);不同壳色群体生长与其淀粉酶和纤维素酶活力有关。 相似文献
8.
YE Huping ZHANG Bing LIAO Xiaohan LI Tongji SHEN Qian ZHANG Fangfang ZHU Jianhua LI Junsheng 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,(5)
The absorption spectrum of phytoplankton is an important bio-optical parameter for ocean color hyperspectral remote sensing;its magnitude and shape can be affected considerably by pigment composition and concentration.We conducted Gaussian decomposition to the absorption spectra of phytoplankton pigment and studied the spectral components of the phytoplankton,in which the package effect was investigated using pigment concentration data and phytoplankton absorption spectra.The decomposition results were compared with the corresponding concentrations of the five main pigment groups(chlorophylls a,b,and c,photo-synthetic carotenoids(PSC),and photo-protective carotenoids(PPC)).The results indicate that the majority of residual errors in the Gaussian decomposition are0.001 m~(-1),and R~2 of the power regression between characteristic bands and HPLC pigment concentrations(except for chlorophyll b)was0.65 or greater for surface water samples at autumn cruise.In addition,we determined a strong predictive capability for chlorophylls a,c,PPC,and PSC.We also tested the estimation of pigment concentrations from the empirical specific absorption coefficient of pigment composition.The empirical decomposition showed that the Ficek model was the closest to the original spectra with the smallest residual errors.The pigment decomposition results and HPLC measurements of pigment concentration are in a high consistency as the scatter plots are distributed largely near the 1:1 line in spite of prominent seasonal variations.The Wozniak model showed a better fit than the Ficek model for Chla,and the median relative error was small.The pigment component information estimated from the phytoplankton absorption spectra can help better remote sensing of hyperspectral ocean color that related to the changes in phytoplankton communities and varieties. 相似文献
9.
Pigment characterization for the 2011 bloom in Qinhuangdao implicated "brown tide" events in China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A large-scale bloom occurred from May to June in 2011 in sea area near Qinhuangdao of the Bohai Sea, leading to huge damage of the scallop culture industry. Similar blooms have been observed in this region for three years. The causative species of the bloom, which dominated the phytoplankton community with the maximum cell density around 109 cell/L, could not be identified with morphological features due to the small cell size (~2 mm). A pigment analytical method was then adopted to analyze the pigment profile of the phytoplankton samples collected from the blooming sea area. It was found that pico-sized (<2 mm), nano-sized (2-20 mm), and bulk phytoplankton samples had similar pigment profile, representing the pigment signature of the bloom-causative species. The major pigments detected included 19-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin (But-fuco), fucoxanthin (Fuco), diadinoxanthin (Diad) and chlorophyll a (Chl a), and high content of But-fuco was the most significant characteristics of the phytoplankton samples. Based on the pigment composition and content, the bloom-causative species could be tentatively identified as pelagophyte, "type 8" group of haptophyte, or silicoflagellate. Some unique features of the bloom, such as the extremely high cell density, small-sized and But-fuco containing cells, occurring in early summer, and the feeding-cessation effects on scallops, suggest it be a "brown tide" event similar to those reported in the east coast of the United States of America. The recurrent "brown tide" events and their dramatic impacts on the shellfish mariculture industry in Qinhuangdao need close attention in the coming years. 相似文献
10.
The distribution and ultrastructure of pigment cells in skins of normal and albino adult turbots were examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Three types of pigment cells of melanophore, iridophore and xanthophore have been recognized in adult turbot skins. The skin color depends mainly on the amount and distribution of melanophore and iridophore, as xanthophore is quite rare. No pigment cells can be found in the epidermis of the skins. In the pigmented ocular skin of the turbot, melanophore and iridophore are usually co-localized in the dermis. This is quite different from the distribution in larvae skin. In albino and white blind skins of adult turbots, however, only iridophore monolayer still exists, while the melanophore monolayer disappears. This cytological evidence explains why the albino adult turbot, unlike its larvae, could never resume its body color no matter what environmental and nutritional conditions were provided. Endocytosis is quite active in the cellular membrane of the iridophore. This might be related to the formation of reflective platelet and stability of the iridophore. 相似文献
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《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,(2)
Two methods for particulate pigments(i.e.,quantitative filter technique,QFT,and in vivo measurement,InVivo,respectively)and two methods for dissolved pigments(i.e.,Acetone Extracts,AceEx,and high-performance liquid chromatography,HPLC,respectively) were used to obtain the optical absorption coefficient spectra for cultures of four typical algal species.Through normalization and analysis of the spectra,it is shown that(1) the four methods are able to measure optical absorption spectra of particulate and/or dissolved pigments;(2)that the optical absorption spectra of particulate and dissolved pigments were consistent in terms of the peak position in the blue wavelength,and the difference of the peak position in the near infrared wavelength was ~10nm between each other;and(3)that the leveling effect of the absorption spectra of particulate pigments was significant.These four methods can all effectively measure the absorption coefficients of phytoplankton pigments,while each one has its unique advantages in different applications.Therefore,appropriate method should be carefully selected for various application due to their intrinsic difference. 相似文献
13.
In order to improve production and breed new broods of bay scallopArgopecten irradians irradians, different-colored orange, purple and white lines were established by two mating methods of self-fertilization and mass spawning
at a commercial scallop hatchery in spring, 2002. And then larval growth and survival of different lines was compared to test
whether there is a relationship between shell color and growth and survival at early developmental stage. Both growth and
survival have no significant differences among different experimental larvae of self-fertilization or mass spawning. Results
are as following in the order of orange, purple and white shell stock. For the self-fertilization, growth rates of larvae
were 6.174, 6.412, and 6.599 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates of larvae at Day 3 were 74.41%, 76.86%, and 82.05%; Day 6
were 49.14%, 65.63%, and 52.79%; and Day 9 were 25.06%, 20.80%, and 26.47%, respectively. For the mass spawning, the growth
rates were 7.836, 7.941, and 7.878 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates at Day 3 were 93.05%, 91.95%, and 92.50%; Day 6 were
79.17%, 78.05%, and 82.50%; and Day 9 were 34.72%, 36.67%, and 38.33%, respectively. The absence of any relationship between
shell color and growth and survival at the larval stage may be resulted from their common genetic basis.
This work was financially supported by Project of Scientific Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZKCX2-211). 相似文献
14.
Yulin Sun Li Tian Jing Wen Juan Zhao Wei Zhang Chunyao Xie Meiqing Zhou Xiaoying Qiu Daohai Chen 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(3):461-467
The morphologies of eumelanin, isolated from the six cephalopods species Sepia esculenta, Sepia lycidas, Sepia pharaonis, Sepiella japonica, Euprymna berryi, and Uroteuthis (Photololigo) edulis, were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the hierarchical aggregate structures of irregular spherical particles with different diameters are the common characteristics of these eumelanins. Furthermore, the diameters of these spherical particles present an uneven distribution in a wide range and mainly concentrate in the range of about 20-150 nm. In addition, the eumelanin from different cephalopods species show obvious differences in the morphologies, which is illustrated by different assembly forms of diverse aggregate units and the quantitative features of eumelanin particles derived from the images. 相似文献
15.
Survival, growth and immune response of the scallop, Chlamys farreri, cultured in lantern nets at five different depths (2, 5, 10, 15, and 20 m below the sea surface) were studied in Haizhou
Bay during the hot season (summer and autumn) of 2007. Survival and growth rates were quantified bimonthly. Immune activities
in hemolymph (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and acid phosphatase (ACP)) were measured to evaluate the health of scallops at the
end of the study. Environmental parameters at the five depths were also monitored during the experiment. Mortalities mainly
occurred during summer. Survival of scallops suspended at 15 m (78.0%) and 20 m (86.7%) was significantly higher than at 2
m (62.9%), 5 m (60.8%) or 10 m (66.8%) at the end of the study. Mean shell height grew significantly faster at 10 m (205.0
μm/d) and 20 m (236.9 μm/d) than at 2, 5 or 15 m in summer (July 9 to September 1); however, shell growth rate at 20 m was
significantly lower than at the other four depths in autumn (September 2 to November 6). In contrast to summer, scallops at
5 m grew faster (262.9 μm/d) during autumn. The growth of soft tissue at different depths showed a similar trend to the shell.
Growth rates of shell height and soft tissue were faster in autumn than in summer, with the exception of shell height at 20
m. SOD activity of scallops increased with depth, and ACP activity was significantly higher at 15 and 20 m than at other depths,
which suggests that scallops were healthier near the bottom. Factors explaining the depth-related mortality and growth of
scallops are also discussed. We conclude that the mass mortality of scallop, C. farreri, during summer can be prevented by moving the culture area to deeper water and yield can be maximized by suspending the scallops
in deep water during summer and then transferring them to shallow water in autumn. 相似文献
16.
A bloom of the dinoflagellate Scrippsiella trochoidea was detected for the first time in inner Tolo Harbor,Hong Kong in 2 000. Water samples were collected at eight stations along a transect passing through a red tide patch for microscopic analysis of phytoplankton composition and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis of phytoplankton pigments. During the bloom,the density of dinoflagellates was 1.1×106 cells L-1 within the patch and 8.6×105 cells L-1 outside the patch where the phytoplankto... 相似文献
17.
The shell color of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) is a desirable trait; but the nutritional studies on C. gigas with different shell colors have not been conducted. Through successive selective breeding, five shell color strains of black (B), purple (P), orange (O), golden (G) and white (W) C. gigas have been developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritional value of five shell color strains and one commercial population with a common color. The biochemical composition including moisture, total protein, glycogen, ash, total fat, fatty acids (FA), amino acids and minerals was detected. The results indicated that the protein (50.76%–56.57%) was the major component. The content of glycogen showed a significant difference between orange shell and golden shell strains, as well as between commercial population and golden shell strain. In addition, all shell color strains contained a large amount of essential amino acids (12.20–14.15 g (100 g)?1), of them leucine (2.81–3.29 g (100 g)?1) and lysine (2.79–3.28 g (100 g)?1) were predominant. The oysters were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (42.26%–45.24% of total fatty acid) with high levels of DHA (18.53%–21.16% of total fatty acid) and EPA (17.23%–18.68% of total fatty acid). Significant differences of mineral contents (Mg, Zn, Fe and Cu) were identified among the six populations. These results indicated that C. gigas with different shell colors presented rich nutritional value with high protein, glycogen, essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The biochemical composition obtained in this study is useful for selective breeding of C. gigas with different shell colors. 相似文献
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We developed an HPLC method for analysis of the monosaccharide composition of fucoidans.The fucoidan was hydrolyzed into monosaccharides with 2 mol/L trifluoroacetic acid.Using ribose as the internal standard,the monosaccharide derivatives,obtained with 1-Phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone(PMP),were separated by reverse-phase HPLC using a gradient elution process,and monitored by ultraviolet detection at 245 nm.In the concentration range of 0.1-2.0 mmol/L,the peak area of each monosaccharide had a good linear rel... 相似文献
19.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2021,20(4)
Shell color is regarded as an economic trait in many breeding programs of bivalve mollusks, but the relationship between shell color and production traits remains controversial. In our breeding program of Crassostrea gigas, solid white, black, and orange shell lines were obtained, and second-generation(F2) and testcross families with segregating shell colors were constructed by crossing these three lines. These segregating families provided ideal samples for investigating the relationship between shell color and production traits in C. gigas. The growth and survival of 7-month-old oysters with different shell colors sampled within the same families were compared in seven F2 families and 13 testcrosses. In addition, the growth and survival of oysters from the three shell color lines were compared at 4 and 16 months of age. The growth and survival rates of the orange shell line were significantly lower than those of the white and black shell lines. However, no significant difference in growth between oysters with different shell colors was observed within segregating families, except the testcrosses produced by crossing orange-and white-shelled grandparents, and no significant difference in survival was observed in any family. Overall, no significant correlation was observed between shell color and production traits in C. gigas. These results suggest that shell color cannot be used as a marker to guide the selection of growth and survival traits. Thus shell color and production traits should be selected independently in oyster breeding programs. 相似文献
20.
Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.8... 相似文献