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温度、盐度和光照对一株有毒利玛原甲藻生长的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对一株利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima Dodge),应用小鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法对其毒性和毒素成分进行了初步分析,并通过多因子实验,研究了温度、盐度和光照强度等环境因子对利玛原甲藻生长的影响.分析结果显示,这株利玛原甲藻能够产生大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)和鳍藻毒素1(Dinophysistoxin 1,DTX1)等腹泻性贝-毒-(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison,DSP).多因素方差分析结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度为18、21和24℃;盐度为28、32和36;光照强度为2500、5 000和7 500 lx),利玛原甲藻的生长受盐度影响显著(P＜0.05),而温度和光照强度对利玛原甲藻的生长没有显著影响.温度和光照强度及温度和盐度之间的交互作用对利玛原甲藻的比增长率也有显著影响(P＜0.05).根据实验结果,这株利玛原甲藻生长的最适条件为:温度18℃,盐度28,光照强度7 500 lx. 相似文献
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6种赤潮甲藻对荧光标记藻类的吞噬行为研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取6种在中国沿海广泛分布的赤潮甲藻米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenella)、东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、海洋原甲藻(Prorocentrum micans)、微小原甲藻(Prorocentrum minimum)和锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea),采用经5-(4,6-二氯三嗪基)氨基荧光素(DTAF)标记灭活的荧光饵料藻进行投喂,观察目标甲藻是否存在吞噬行为,研究光照、营养盐条件对目标甲藻的吞噬行为的影响。结果发现,链状亚历山大藻能吞噬旋转海链藻(Thalassiosira curviseriata),东海原甲藻能摄食球等鞭金藻(Isochrysis galbana),但其摄食概率非常低,且不受光照和营养盐条件的影响。实验中,未观测到米氏凯伦藻、海洋原甲藻、微小原甲藻和锥状斯氏藻的吞噬行为。在黑暗中培养48-72h后,目标甲藻均出现不同程度的死亡,尤其是东海原甲藻和链状亚历山大藻。虽然东海原甲藻和链状亚历山大藻具吞噬行为属于混合营养生物,但光合自养是目标甲藻获取营养、维持生长最主要的方式。 相似文献
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采用单养和混养的方法,在实验条件下研究了东海原甲藻对中华哲水蚤摄食和消化酶活性的影响.结果表明:(1)中华哲水蚤对东海原甲藻存在一定摄食行为,藻类密度对摄食率有明显的影响.实验密度下,中华哲水蚤对东海原甲藻的最大摄食率为930cells/(ind·h).滤水率随着藻密度的增加而呈单一性的下降;(2)混养条件下,中华哲水蚤对金藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率均较单养时下降,滤水率的变化与摄食率相似;(3)不同藻密度下,昆布多糖酶活性都明显高于麦芽糖酶和纤维二糖酶的活性,而麦芽糖酶活性又稍高于纤维二糖酶的活性.与金藻相比,东海原甲藻实验组中华哲水蚤3种消化酶活性明显升高(P<0.05). 相似文献
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东海原甲藻与塔玛亚历山大藻种群增长过程与种间竞争研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
针对我国东海2种重要赤潮肇事生物东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexan-drium tamarense)进行了种群增长过程和种间竞争的实验研究。结果表明,单种培养时,不同氮磷比对东海原甲藻和亚历山大藻种群增长过程没有明显的影响,但是会影响其最终的细胞密度;在混合培养时,营养盐组成比例不同对东海原甲藻和塔玛亚历山大藻的种间竞争过程有影响,但不会影响其最后竞争结果。竞争物种的细胞起始密度对种间竞争结果有明显的影响,P.donghaiense和A.tamarense的接种细胞密度比为2 000∶100和2 000∶200时,东海原甲藻占优势;当接种细胞密度比为4 000∶400时,塔玛亚历山大藻占优势。 相似文献
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采用批次培养方法,研究了东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和链状亚历山大藻(Alexandrium catenlla)对胶体磷的生物可利用性,并初步探讨了甲藻利用胶体磷的机制问题.结果表明东海原甲藻和链状亚历山大藻均能利用胶体磷生长繁殖.东海原甲藻在接种11d后细胞密度在无机磷和胶体磷培养基中分别为10.53×107和3.43×107个/dm3.链状亚历山大藻在接种11d后细胞密度在无机磷和胶体磷培养基中分别为39.0×105和28.3×105个/dm3.通过对比细胞密度,胶体磷对东海原甲藻生长的促进作用要低于无机磷的作用;胶体磷对链状亚历山大藻生长的促进作用与无机磷的作用相当.东海原甲藻和链状亚历山大藻在胶体磷源下碱性磷酸酶活性迅速升高,前期均显著高于各自无机磷组的碱性磷酸酶活性,碱性磷酸酶活力最高值分别为0.29和0.30μmol/(dm3·h).初步结果表明,两种甲藻均能通过碱性磷酸酶的降解来利用胶体磷. 相似文献
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采用饵料浓度差减法,在实验条件下研究了不同细胞密度的中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻对海月水母水螅体、碟状体和水母体摄食活动的影响。结果表明,不同种类和密度的微藻细胞密度对水螅体、碟状体和水母体的摄食有显著影响。在实验的藻细胞密度范围内,随藻细胞密度的增加,水螅体和碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的摄食率一直升高。水螅体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率均发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为4623cells/(ind.h)和4118cells/(ind.h)。碟状体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻的最大摄食率也是发生在藻细胞密度最高处,分别为174671cells/(ind.h)和47218cells/(ind.h)。清滤率随着藻细胞密度增加而降低。在相似细胞密度下,碟状体对中肋骨条藻的摄食率高于东海原甲藻。水螅体和碟状体对同种藻的摄食情况不同,在相似藻细胞密度下,碟状体的摄食率比水螅体高。经过藻类饵料适应处理的水螅体对藻类的摄食率会有显著增加,约为未经饵料适应处理的10倍。水母体对中肋骨条藻和东海原甲藻未发生摄食。 相似文献
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化学互感作用或化感作用(allelopathy)在浮游植物的种群相互作用及动力学过程中起着重要的调节控制作用,已经成为有害藻华生态学研究中的重要领域。但在被研究的种类和化感作用的规律等方面还存在众多空白。本研究选取分离自中国和美国近海的重要藻华甲藻多环旋沟藻(Cochlodinium polykrikoides)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)、剧毒卡尔藻(Karlodinium veneficum)、短沟别什莱藻(Biecheleria brevisulcate),在相同的试验条件下(72 h共培养)观察其与另一种常见的藻华甲藻红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)的化感作用。实验结果显示化感效应随种类和特别是起始细胞密度比率而分别表现为抑制或促进共存种的生长。与起始细胞密度为500个/m L的红色赤潮藻共培养时,多环旋沟藻起始密度为250个/m L时促进红色赤潮藻生长,米氏凯伦藻苏澳株和短沟别什莱藻在细胞密度低于1 000个/m L时促进红色赤潮藻生长,同时起始密度为5 000~50 000个/m L的剧毒卡尔藻被红色赤潮藻促进生长。但是,米氏凯伦藻深圳湾株在细胞密度500个/m L以上时均抑制红色赤潮藻生长,多环旋沟藻在起始密度大于250个/m L时开始抑制红色赤潮藻生长,且抑制效应在起始密度2 500个/m L时接近100%。米氏凯伦藻的化感作用在不同株系间表现出显著差异。结果说明有害藻华甲藻之间的化感作用表现出复杂的形式,随着作用的种类和互相之间的密度比率变化而有互相促进、抑制或一方抑制(或促进)另一方等作用,这对进一步认识藻华甲藻的种群动力学具有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文主要探究了东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)与三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylum tricornutum)之间的他感作用。在实验室模拟条件下,分别研究了添加比例为10%、40%、60%、90%、100%的三角褐指藻无藻细胞滤液的培养基对东海原甲藻生长的影响,以及相同比例的东海原甲藻无藻细胞滤液培养基对三角褐指藻生长的影响。结果表明,低浓度三角褐指藻滤液对东海原甲藻(P.donghaiense)的生长表现为促进作用,高浓度则抑制其生长,因此,不同浓度的三角褐指藻藻液对东海原甲藻生长表现出两种相反的他感作用效果;而东海原甲藻滤液对三角褐指藻(P.tricornutum)的生长没有显著影响,说明东海原甲藻并未对三角褐指藻表现出他感作用。 相似文献
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温度、盐度对具齿原甲藻生长的影响及其与中肋骨条藻的比较 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
在无菌条件下,单种培养具齿原甲藻以研究温度和盐度对其生长的影响。实验设计了5个温度梯度和6个盐度梯度,并计算了不同培养条件下藻细胞在指数生长期的比生长率。实验结果表明：具齿原甲藻生长的最适温、盐范围分别为22℃和25～31。温度对藻类生长的影响比盐度的要明显得多,而且藻生长的最适盐度有随着温度升高向低盐度偏移的趋势。同时,实验研究了同样条件下中肋骨条藻的生长情况,并与具齿原甲藻进行了比较,以试图探讨东海大规模爆发具齿原甲藻赤潮的原因。 相似文献
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Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters. 相似文献
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Soil-sized particulates have been collected on board ship by a mesh technique from the lower troposphere of the North, Equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean, northern and southern Indian Ocean, South and East China Sea and various coastal localities.Spectrographic analysis reveals that, on average, the particulates have concentrations of Mn, Ni, Co, Ga, Cr, V, Ba, and Sr which are of the same order of magnitude as those in average crustal material. In contrast, the average concentrations of Pb, Sn, and Zn are one order of magnitude higher than those in average crustal material.Within this “world-wide” average there are significant geographical variations in the distributions of Pb, Sn, and Zn which may be related to anthropogenic sources.On the basis of trace-element distributions lower tropospheric soil-sized marine particulates have been divided into four genetic components; local, zonal, inter-zonal, and global. The proportions of these components vary geographically, and each component may have both a natural and an anthropogenic fraction. 相似文献
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Klaus Kremling 《Marine Chemistry》1983,13(2):87-108
In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O2H2S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH2S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe2+) and manganese (Mn2+) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO3). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin. 相似文献
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Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Data on the relative contribution of the Ox, HOx, NOx, ClOx, BrOx, and IOx catalytic cycles to atmospheric ozone destruction are given for June and... 相似文献
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Maryd De Wemton John S. Clayton Rohan D. S. Wells Chris C. Tanner Suzanne T. Miller 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):145-151
The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion. 相似文献
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Linjie Zheng Tomoharu Minami Shotaro Takano Hideki Minami Yoshiki Sohrin 《Journal of Oceanography》2017,73(5):669-685
A central theme of the ongoing GEOTRACES program is to improve the understanding of processes occurring at ocean interfaces with continents, sediments, and ocean crust. In this context, we studied the distributions of Al, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb around the Juan de Fuca Ridge (JdFR) in total dissolvable (td), dissolved (d), and labile particulate (lp) fractions, which represent a fraction in unfiltered samples, filtered samples through an AcroPak capsule filter, and the difference between td and d, respectively. Al and Fe were dominated by lp-species, while Ni, Zn, and Cd were dominated by d-species with undetectable amounts of lp-species. Major findings in this study are as follows: (1) The continental margin (CM) provided large sources of Al, Mn, Fe, and Co from the surface to ~2000 m in depth. The supply from CM caused high surface concentrations of dMn and dCo, a subsurface (100–300 m depth) maximum of dCo, and intermediate (500–2000 m depth) maxima of lpAl and lpFe. The supply of dFe from CM was ~10 times that from the high-temperature hydrothermal activity at station BD21, which is located at ~3 km from the Middle Valley venting site and ~ 200 km from Vancouver Island. (2) DPb was maximum at the top layer of North Pacific Intermediate Water, probably owing to isopycnal transport of anthropogenic Pb via advection of subducted surface waters. Although dCo and dPb had different sources in the upper water, they showed a strong linearity below 300 m (r 2 = 0.95, n = 38), indicating concurrent scavenging. (3) A high-temperature hydrothermal plume occurred at a depth of 2300 m at BD21, accounting for maxima of dAl, dMn, dFe, lpCu, and lpPb and a minimum of dCu. (4) Strong bottom maxima of lpAl, lpMn, lpFe, lpCo, and lpPb occurred above the abyssal plain at the western foot of the JdFR, indicating resuspension of sediments. However, bottom maxima of d-species were apparent only for dAl and dCu. 相似文献
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While clastic mudstones and shale were traditionally interpreted to have been deposited in quiet water settings, recent flume experiments and studies have shown that mud can be transported in and deposited by traction currents as migrating ripples of mud aggregates. Despite these recent advances, mud aggregates have rarely been adequately described in the rock record.These mud aggregates and the sedimentary structures they form in mudstone successions are difficult to observe in the rock record due to compaction, which often obliterates the aggregates and flattens bedforms. This paper documents unambiguously identifiable sand sized mudstone aggregates in thin sections and SEM, transported in traction, and deposited in a series of prograding clinothems. These aggregates were sufficiently indurated to locally preserve shelter porosity, significantly improving the hydrocarbon reservoir properties.Grain size analysis of the aggregates was performed on thin sections, as well as disaggregated samples measured by a laser diffraction grain size analyzer for comparison. These analyses showed that sand sized aggregates often comprise more than half of the sediment volume. While the clay-rich composition of the Carlile Formation would suggest that it is a mudstone, statistical analysis of these grain size measurements show that it could alternatively be described as a silty sandstone. These findings potentially change how we think about mudstone classification, fine-grained sedimentation, and mudstone dominated petroleum reservoirs. 相似文献
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The radiometers on board the satellites ERS-1, TOPEX/Poseidon, ERS-2, GFO, Jason-1, and Envisat measure brightness temperatures at two or three different frequencies to determine the total columnal water vapor content and wet tropospheric path delay, a major correction to the altimeter range measurements. In order to asses the long-term stability of the path delay, the radiometers are calibrated against vicarious cold and hot references, against each other, and against several atmospheric models. Four of these radiometers exhibit significant drifts in at least one of the channels, resulting in yet unmodeled errors in path delay of up to 1 mm/year, thus limiting the accuracy at which global sea level rise can be inferred from the altimeter range measurements. 相似文献