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1.
赣南兴国县隆坪大型萤石矿床位于大余 南城深大断裂西侧兴国 宁都萤石成矿带内，呈板状、似层状、脉状产于永丰复式岩体外接触带北东向硅化破碎带中。本文划分了兴国县隆坪萤石矿床的成矿阶段，通过流体包裹体岩相学、显微测温、激光拉曼成分分析和H O同位素研究，讨论了该矿床成矿流体性质、来源、演化与成矿模式。根据矿物穿插关系和矿相学特征，将隆坪萤石矿床划分为3个成矿阶段，即成矿早阶段(萤石 石英阶段)、成矿主阶段(石英 萤石阶段)和成矿晚阶段(萤石 方解石阶段)。流体包裹体类型主要为富液相两相包裹体，均一温度变化范围在111~374℃之间，盐度变化于0. 53%~3. 55%NaCleq之间 ，密度变化于0. 58~1. 02 g/cm3之间。包裹体成分以H2O为主。总体而言，成矿流体属于中低温、中低盐度、中低密度的NaCl H2O体系，但成矿早阶段存在高温、相对高盐度的流体端元(温度大于300℃，盐度为2. 0%~2. 7%NaCleq)，推断永丰复式岩体晚阶段岩浆热液参与早阶段萤石成矿作用，提供F的来源和热源。隆坪萤石矿床流体包裹体中的δDV SMOW和δ18OV SMOW值均较低，分别为-66. 8‰~-53. 1‰(平均值为-59. 5‰)和-5. 9‰~-3. 3‰ (平均值为-4. 6‰)，成矿流体主要来源于大气降水和地热水。成矿早阶段萤石沉淀机制主要为岩浆热液和大气降水混合与水 岩反应，而流体冷却作用是成矿主阶段和晚阶段萤石沉淀的主要机制。隆坪萤石矿床属断裂控矿、中低温热液裂隙充填型萤石矿床。 相似文献
2.
新疆东准噶尔绿源金矿床成因研究：流体包裹体及氢、氧同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东准噶尔绿源金矿是近年来新发现的矿床,位于野马泉-琼河坝古生代岛弧带东段的琼河坝矿集区。矿体主要产于上石炭统巴塔玛依内山组中酸性火山岩中,呈似层状、条带状、透镜状,多受断裂构造控制。流体成矿作用可分为4个阶段:石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英(玉髓)-金-黄铁矿阶段、石英-金-多金属硫化物阶段、石英-碳酸盐阶段,其中阶段2和阶段3为金主要成矿阶段。金属硫化物组合主要为黄铁矿-毒砂-闪锌矿-黄铜矿±银金矿组合。文章从流体包裹体和H、O同位素研究入手,对该矿床成矿流体和矿床成因进行探讨。流体包裹体岩相学特征显示,本矿床热液矿物中流体包裹体存在3种类型:富液相气液两相水溶液包裹体(V+L型)、富气相气液两相水溶液包裹体(V型)和纯液相水溶液包裹体(L型)。其中,V+L型包裹体数量最多,各阶段热液矿物中均有发育;V型包裹体数量最少;L型包裹体数量较少。显微测温结果显示:绿源金矿床石英中流体包裹体均一温度介于115~349℃之间,盐度集中于0.7%~8.8%NaCl eqv.之间,密度介于0.66~0.98g/cm~3之间;从阶段2至阶段4,流体均一温度从268~322℃,经181~300℃,降为115~176℃。这些都表明绿源金矿床成矿流体具有低温、低盐度、低密度的特征,与典型浅成低温热液型金矿成矿流体特征相似。对成矿压力和深度的估算表明,其成矿压力为(73~335)×10~5Pa(均值203×10~5Pa),成矿深度为0.24~1.12km(均值0.68km),显示出浅成热液矿床的特征。流体包裹体激光拉曼探针分析显示,各阶段包裹体成分类似,气相成分和液相成分主要为H_2O。成矿流体氢、氧同位素组成分别为δD_(H_2O)=-108.8‰~-129.0‰、δ~(18) O_(H_2O)=-7.2‰~4.6‰,表明成矿流体具有多来源,以大气降水为主的特征。综合矿床地质特征和成矿流体研究,认为流体不混溶作用可能是绿源金矿床的重要成矿机制,该矿床应属浅成低温热液型金矿床。 相似文献
3.
三道湾子金矿位于大兴安岭燕山期成矿带东南部,为石英脉型金矿床。通过对矿床地质特征、矿物特征、成矿期次、稳定同位素组成和流体包裹体研究表明,金以碲化物为主;黄铁矿δ34S值为-1.1‰～1.7‰,显示硫具地幔来源的特点;石英δ18O水值为-15.3‰～-9.9‰,δDV-SMOW值为-110‰～-85‰,说明成矿流体主要为大气降水;流体包裹体均一温度均值为181～267℃;盐度为15.6%～16.9%,成矿压力平均为4Mpa,估算成矿深度为0.4km,表明三道湾子金矿为浅成中-低温热液型矿床。 相似文献
4.
西藏班-怒带西段荣那铜（金）矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
荣那铜(金)矿床是班公湖-怒江缝合带西段新发现的矿床,是多龙矿集区的重要组成矿床之一,已探明储量达大型规模,具有超大型矿床的成矿潜力。荣那铜(金)矿床矿石矿相学与岩相学研究显示其具有典型高硫化型浅成低温热液型矿床的矿物组合(明矾石、硫砷铜矿等)和矿化蚀变特征。通过资料收集与野外观察,本文将荣那铜(金)矿床的成矿过程划分为石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-多金属硫化物阶段与碳酸盐阶段,其中石英-多金属硫化物阶段为主成矿阶段。为查明该矿床的成矿流体特征,进一步确定矿床成因类型,对取自深部矿石中的石英脉(均为主成矿阶段含黄铁矿、黄铜矿石英脉)开展了流体包裹体的岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼光谱分析。结果表明,上述矿物中主要发育富液相、富气相和含子矿物三相包裹体;富液相包裹体的均一温度与盐度分别为:80~440℃和4.63%~11.95%NaCl eqv;富气相包裹体的均一温度和盐度分别为:320~440℃和5.55%~10.74%NaCl eqv;含子矿物三相包裹体的均一温度与盐度分别为200~400℃和29.4%~32.56%NaCl eqv;富液相与富气相包裹体的气体成分除少量N2外,气体成分均为H2O。综合分析认为,荣那矿床成矿流体发生了强烈的沸腾作用,流体沸腾作用是该矿床的重要成矿机制。可见,荣那矿床具有高硫型浅成低温热液矿床的矿物组合及蚀变特征,但主成矿阶段石英脉流体包裹体特征与典型斑岩型铜(金)矿床的流体包裹体特征相似。因此,推测荣那高硫型浅成低温热液铜金矿的深部存在斑岩型铜金矿化,该矿床应属浅成低温热液型-斑岩型铜金矿床。 相似文献
5.
三道湾子金矿床流体包裹体及稳定同位素地球化学特征 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
三道湾子金矿位于大兴安岭燕山期成矿带东南部,为典型的石英脉型金矿.通过对矿床地质特征、成矿期次及硫、氢、氧同位素组成和流体包裹体测温研究,讨论了成矿流体的来源及矿床形成的温度.黄铁矿δ34S值为-1.1‰～1.7‰,显示硫具地幔来源的特点;石英δ18O水值为-15.3‰～-9.9‰,δDV-SMOW值为-110‰～-85‰,说明成矿流体主要为大气降水;流体包裹体均一温度为181～267℃;表明三道湾子金矿为与火山热液有关的中-低温浅成热液矿床. 相似文献
6.
加甘滩金矿床是西秦岭甘肃省甘南藏族自治州夏河-合作矿集区近年发现的资源量最大的金矿床。金矿体赋存在中上三叠统细碎屑岩中,矿体的产出受NW向逆冲断裂及其次级构造控制,呈雁行状、羽状分布,矿体形态为板状、脉状、分叉状。矿床热液期主成矿阶段矿物组合为石英-黄铁矿-毒砂-辉锑矿-自然金。为进一步查明矿床成矿物质来源,分析矿床成因,本次在矿床地质调查的基础上,开展了系统的流体包裹体、氢-氧-硫-铅稳定同位素测试分析。加甘滩金矿主成矿阶段石英包裹体类型为气液两相包裹体,其中,富液相两相包裹体最为常见。成矿流体均一温度均值为248.67℃,盐度均值为3.78‰NaCl,具有中低温、低盐度的特征;石英δ18OH2O值为10.42‰～13.82‰,δD值为-101.2‰～-93.2‰,成矿流体组成较复杂,可能既有岩浆水,也有变质水的参与。主成矿阶段黄铁矿和毒砂δ34S值为-13.4‰～-7.5‰,可能来源于岩浆作用或变质沉积地层;铅同位素组成相似,主要来源于造山带铅,有部分上地壳铅和地幔铅加入。加甘滩金矿床成因类型为... 相似文献
7.
粤西河台金矿床富硫化物石英脉Rb-Sr等时线年龄讨论 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
河台金矿床产于河台韧性剪切带中 ,成矿作用分为韧性剪切变质成矿期的韧性剪切变质成矿阶段和热液蚀变成矿期金石英脉阶段、金硫化物阶段和方铅矿闪锌矿碳酸盐脉阶段。金的成矿主要发生在金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段 ,形成的矿石有蚀变糜棱岩型和富硫化物石英脉型。富硫化物石英脉单矿物石英中富含以富CO2 液相为主的流体包裹体、流体熔融包裹体及熔融包裹体。与以往用流体包裹体热爆法和压碎法提取Rb、Sr的方法不同 ,本文用石英全溶法测得富硫化物石英脉中石英的Rb Sr等时线年龄为 172± 2Ma(1σ) ,初始比值为 0 .72 816± 0 .0 0 0 96 ,对比已有的同位素年龄数据及区域成矿特征 ,认为这一年龄值可能代表了河台金矿床的成矿年龄。 相似文献
8.
延边五凤——五星山金(银)矿床的流体包裹体特征及成因模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
延边五凤五星山金(银)矿床是一个大型的典型低硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床.矿床由石英-方解石脉、石英脉以及细脉浸染状硫化物角砾状蚀变岩等矿体所组成;矿化可分为含黄铁矿块状石英、玉髓状石英脉、方解石-石英脉、方解石-沸石4个阶段,其中玉髓状石英脉阶段和方解石-石英脉阶段为主要成矿阶段.矿物流体包裹体的研究表明:(1)以气液两相包裹体为主,由孤立的原生包裹体和沿裂隙成串分布的次生包裹体构成;(2)均一温度为180～280 ℃;(3)盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为4.8%～7.02%,0.75～0.92 g/cm3;(4)成矿深度为0.15～0.32 km;(5)激光拉曼光谱实验获得流体包裹体的气相主要成分为水.结合氢氧同位素地球化学特征(δD值为-66‰～-98‰,平均为-87‰;δ18O值为3.18‰～-7.2‰,平均为-5.1‰),确定成矿流体是以水为主的循环大气水,受深部热流作用形成含矿热液,在伸展环境下沿断裂上升,在浅部由充填作用形成五凤石英-方解石脉、石英脉,深部通过沸腾作用形成五星山浸染状硫化物以及角砾状蚀变岩矿体.这与前人认为两矿区仅是通过沸腾作用而造成成矿物质沉淀的成矿观点有所不同. 相似文献
9.
延边五凤─五星山金（银）矿床的流体包裹体特征及成因模式 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
延边五凤五星山金(银)矿床是一个大型的典型低硫化型浅成低温热液金矿床。矿床由石英-方解石脉、石英脉以及细脉浸染状硫化物角砾状蚀变岩等矿体所组成;矿化可分为含黄铁矿块状石英、玉髓状石英脉、方解石-石英脉、方解石-沸石4个阶段,其中玉髓状石英脉阶段和方解石-石英脉阶段为主要成矿阶段。矿物流体包裹体的研究表明:(1)以气液两相包裹体为主,由孤立的原生包裹体和沿裂隙成串分布的次生包裹体构成;(2)均一温度为180~280℃;(3)盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为4.8%~7.02%,0.75~0.92 g/cm3;(4)成矿深度为0.15~0.32 km;(5)激光拉曼光谱实验获得流体包裹体的气相主要成分为水。结合氢氧同位素地球化学特征(δD值为-66‰~-98‰,平均为-87‰;δ18O值为3.18‰~-7.2‰,平均为-5.1‰),确定成矿流体是以水为主的循环大气水,受深部热流作用形成含矿热液,在伸展环境下沿断裂上升,在浅部由充填作用形成五凤石英-方解石脉、石英脉,深部通过沸腾作用形成五星山浸染状硫化物以及角砾状蚀变岩矿体。这与前人认为两矿区仅是通过沸腾作用而造成成矿物质沉淀的成矿观点有所不同。 相似文献
10.
河南罗山金城金矿床成矿物质来源探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
河南省金城金矿床位于桐柏—商城韧性剪切带南部、大别山西北侧。矿床赋存于中元古界苏家河群浒湾岩组变质岩中。在详细分析金城金矿床地质特征的基础上,研究共生花岗斑岩脉的微量元素、稀土元素地球化学特征,共生石英的氧同位素、共生石英流体包裹体中CO2的碳同位素及共生黄铁矿的硫、铅同位素组成特征,并与老湾金矿和燕山晚期灵山花岗岩体对比。研究发现,本区花岗斑岩脉的稀土配分曲线和微量元素蛛网图与灵山花岗岩体几乎完全重叠,稀土元素和微量元素特征参数较为一致,结合区域资料推断本区与矿体共生的花岗斑岩脉来源于燕山晚期岩浆活动。黄铁矿δ34S值变化范围为-6.9‰～5.5‰,均值为2.3‰,与区域上地层和岩浆岩硫同位素对比,认为金城矿床载金黄铁矿的硫主要来源于浒湾岩组围岩。载金黄铁矿铅同位素和浒湾岩组地层铅同位素范围相当,均有下地壳铅源的特征,结合硫同位素分析,认为金城金矿床载金黄铁矿的铅主要来源于浒湾岩组围岩。δ18OSMOW变化范围为5.5‰～11.4‰,极差为5.9‰,均值为8.4‰,具有岩浆热液石英的特征;δ18CPDB变化范围为-6.3‰～-2.8‰,极差为3.5‰,均值为-4.4‰,具有岩浆源或深部源碳(-7‰)和沉积碳酸盐岩来源碳(0)混合的特征;综合研究表明,本矿床成矿物质主要来源于浒湾岩组含金岩石建造,部分来源于燕山晚期岩浆热液活动。 相似文献
11.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献