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北京地区沙尘天气气溶胶飞机观测特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
利用3次沙尘天气期间的气溶胶飞机观测资料,分析了北京地区在3种沙尘天气下气溶胶垂直分布特征。结果显示:逆温层的存在对扬沙个例的垂直分布有影响。数密度谱的分布基本呈单调递减,但边界层内扬沙、浮尘和沙尘暴个例都在0.13~0.3μm间存在峰值,而扬沙个例在0.8μm,浮尘个例在6.5μm以及沙尘暴个例在2.8和6.5μm处出现次峰值。沙尘中细粒子的有效直径是人为源气溶胶粒子的4到10倍。浮尘天气整个粒子谱宽从近地面层开始随高度先增大后减小,到3000m达到最大,这与高空输送有关;扬沙个例沙尘粒子谱分布显示近地面层大于50μm段粒子谱无论数浓度还是谱宽都明显高于浮尘和沙尘暴个例,这与扬沙是局地大风扬尘引起有关;沙尘暴个例谱宽在接近云底达到最大,说明大粒子已经被携带到一定高度,与蒙古气旋云系的上升运动有关。 相似文献
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2013年3月8~9日甘肃省出现了一次区域性的大风沙尘暴天气过程,此后到14日甘肃中东部一直维持浮尘天气,这样范围广、持续时间长的沙尘天气为近年来罕见。本文分析了此次沙尘天气过程的天气气候特征以及特殊气象条件对连续浮尘天气的影响,并以兰州市为例基于HYSPLIT-4轨迹模式探讨了浮尘天气过程的沙尘颗粒传输特征。结果表明:(1)前期暖干的气候背景有利于此次大范围沙尘天气的发生;(2)8~9日冷锋后的偏北大风引发甘肃省出现区域性大风沙尘暴天气,11日河西再次出现扬沙、沙尘暴天气,沙尘粒子沿西北气流向下游地区输送,致使12日河东出现浮尘天气的站数明显增多;(3)9日大风沙尘暴天气过后,甘肃省中东部边界层处在弱的偏东风环境中,大气层结长时间较稳定,沙尘污染物不易扩散;(4)在连续浮尘天气期间,甘肃省各地上空频繁出现逆温层,且逆温层高度在9日沙尘暴天气过后有明显抬升,阻挡了低层空气的上升运动,以致沙尘粒子聚集在700 h Pa以下。同时还发现,边界层上部逆温层的逆温温差越大,厚度越厚,造成浮尘天气的强度越强;(5)兰州市9~10日出现的浮尘天气起源于8日河西走廊及蒙古地区的沙尘暴,11日河西走廊再次爆发的沙尘暴天气对河东的浮尘天气影响较大。此外,10~13日陕西南部也出现了浮尘天气,"东高西低"的地面形势使此地上空漂浮的沙尘粒子处在偏东风的环境中,对甘肃中东部地区的浮尘天气有一定的回流输送作用。 相似文献
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利用气溶胶激光雷达、地基多通道微波辐射计资料,反演得到邢台市2017年5月3 5日沙尘天气过程前后的消光系数、退偏比和高空的温度、湿度变化,结合后向轨迹模式等资料,分析了沙尘天气过程前后的天气形势、颗粒物污染特征及来源、消光系数、退偏比等的变化。结果表明:来源于新疆北部的沙尘气溶胶受地面冷锋东移南下影响,以西北路径远距离输送沉降是导致邢台市颗粒污染物浓度骤升的主要原因,而本地大风的出现会导致由地面向高空扩散形成的沙尘污染次高峰,其中细颗粒物PM10的浓度升幅远大于PM_(2.5)浓度升幅;在高空2 000 m附近集聚的沙尘气溶胶可以形成消光系数大于1 km-1的强值区,沙尘聚集区域的退偏比平均值为0.252,与下层退偏比平均值为0.041的区域形成一个明显的沙尘分界线,消光系数的强值中心和退偏比的高低值分界线可以很好地表征出高空沙尘粒子的沉降变化;在高空沙尘沉降和地面大风引起的沙尘天气时,地面温度都出现了升高态势,在地面颗粒污染物浓度出现剧烈增加前,整层大气湿度呈现陡降趋势,而在颗粒污染物浓度处于高值波动阶段,整层大气湿度均维持在一个较低的水平。 相似文献
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1997-2007年塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用塔中及沙漠周边气象站1997-2007年11a的地面观测资料,分析了该地区沙尘天气的气候变化特征.结果表明:该地区沙尘天气以浮尘天气为主,扬沙次之,沙尘暴最少,年平均日数分别为97.4d、59.6d、15.8d;具有明显的季节变化和年际变化,每年3月至8月是沙尘天气的多发时段,占了历年平均数79.6%,浮尘和扬沙年日数呈上升趋势,沙尘暴反之.沙尘天气总体分布特征遵循从东往西南到南面逐渐增多,塔中并不是沙尘天气出现最多的地区.温度在19～33℃、相对湿度在10%～16%、风速≥7m/s范围里且在偏东风和偏北风情况下,沙尘暴天气发生几率最高. 相似文献
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沙尘暴影响下北京沙尘气溶胶的垂直分布及溯源分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用云-大气气溶胶激光雷达红外探索卫星观测系统(Cloud-Aerosol Lidarand Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations,CALIPSO)资料,得出了2013年3月8-11日的一次途经新疆、甘肃、内蒙古等地的沙尘暴,对造成北京的沙尘天气影响下的沙尘气溶胶的空间垂直分布图。在此基础上研究了衰减后向散射系数、退偏振比、色比等光学特性参数。结果表明:在此次沙尘暴影响下造成的北京地区沙尘天气过程中,气溶胶的退偏振比在0.1~0.4之间,色比大于0.3。3月10-11日北京地区的沙尘气溶胶分布高度从3km以下被抬升至约4km。再利用欧拉-拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)和NAAPS全球气溶胶模式,模拟分析了这次沙尘的来源和传输过程,表明此次沙尘起源于南疆盆地和内蒙古中西部,影响甘肃大部、内蒙古中西部、宁夏、山西北部和河北西北部、北京等地区。并用双波长迭代反演法初步反演了3月10、11日北京地区处于沙尘天气情况下的气溶胶光学厚度,分别为0.334和0.621。 相似文献
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为探究沙尘天气发展规律和污染特征,以石家庄和济南为例,基于偏振-米散射激光雷达观测数据和城市颗粒物小时质量浓度等数据,分析2021年3月中国北方发生的两次强沙尘过程(3月15日与27日强沙尘过程,简称“3·15”过程与“3·27”过程)。结果表明：(1)两次过程沙尘入境时,两市PM10质量浓度快速上升,PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比迅速减小。(2)两次过程期间,两市PM10质量浓度符合正态分布,“3·15”过程石家庄和济南PM10质量浓度高斯拟合的决定系数分别为0.92和0.76,“3·27”过程分别为0.83和0.89。(3)沙尘爆发期,近地面消光系数和退偏比都明显增大。(4)因沙尘沉降和多沙尘源,沙尘传输过程中出现多层结构,可分为近地面沙尘层、低空沙尘层和高空沙尘层。近地面沙尘层出现时间和地面颗粒物质量浓度急剧上升时间基本一致。(5)离地面近且雷达数据质量可靠的195 m高度处,“3·15”过程(“3·27”过程)石家庄和济南退偏比最大分别为0.29、0.23(0.28、0... 相似文献
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敦煌春季沙尘天气过程中某些参量和影响因子的变化特征 总被引：25，自引：12，他引：13
利用中日合作"风送沙尘的形成、输送机制及其对气候与环境影响(ADEC)的研究"项目敦煌站的观测资料,分析了2001年和2002年春季沙尘天气过程中两个沙尘参量———沙尘浓度指数(DCI)和粒子数浓度(N(d))的变化以及摩擦速度(u )和风速(u)与地面风蚀起沙的关系。结果表明:可用DCI=0.2作为扬沙、浮尘等一般沙尘天气的临界值,DCI=0.4作为沙尘暴天气的临界值;沙地和农田上起沙的临界摩擦速度分别约为0.5m·s-1和0.3m·s-1,临界风速分别约为7m·s-1和3m·s-1。农田和沙地起沙临界摩擦速度的差异,导致绿洲站沙尘天气发生的频数比沙漠站大;与地面起沙量有关的总沙尘粒子数浓度N(d>0.5μm)近似与u2 成比例。 相似文献
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利用1971—2008年柯坪站的地面气象资料及周边气象站的气候整编资料,分析了该地区的沙尘天气变化特征。结果表明:该地区沙尘天气以浮尘为主,扬沙次之,沙尘暴最少;具有明显的季节变化和年际变化,每年3—9月是沙尘天气的多发时段;浮尘年日数近38 a来无明显变化,沙尘暴和扬沙日数呈明显减少趋势;沙尘天气总体分布自东向西逐渐增多。沙尘天气与当地降水量和大风的关系密切,降水偏多的年份,沙尘天气偏少,在吹偏西北风时易出现沙尘天气。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
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《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献