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1.
2018年10月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2018年10月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型,中高纬地区西风带为4波型分布,西太平洋副热带高压较常年位置偏西。全国平均降水量为28.1 mm,较常年同期（35.8 mm）偏少21.6%。全国平均气温为9.9℃,较常年同期（10.3℃）偏低0.4℃,为近16年来同期最低。10月我国无大范围暴雨天气过程,江南及华南地区雨日较多。冷空气活动频繁,出现5次过程,较常年偏多。京津冀地区出现2次雾 霾天气过程,相对往年秋、冬季雾 霾偏轻。月内没有台风登陆我国。 相似文献
2.
2016年10月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
2016年10月北半球极地地区极涡呈偶极性分布,极涡强度较常年同期偏强。中高纬环流为４波型,西太平洋副热带高压位置明显偏西、偏北,强度偏强。10月全国平均降水量55.4 mm,较常年同期（35.8 mm）偏多55%,为1951年来同期最多;全国平均气温10.9℃,较常年同期（10.3℃）偏高0.6℃。月内我国主要出现了6次区域性暴雨天气过程,其中2次是台风莎莉嘉和海马导致,2次是受低涡、切变线影响。冷空气活动频繁,出现5次过程,较常年偏多。京津冀地区出现4次雾 霾天气过程。今年第21号台风莎莉嘉于10月18日在海南省万宁市以强台风级别登陆,今年第22号台风海马于10月21日在广东省汕尾市登陆,均造成重大影响。 相似文献
3.
2017年10月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2017年10月环流特征如下：极涡呈偶极型,中高纬地区西风带为4波型分布,西太平洋副高强度较常年偏强、位置明显偏西。全国平均降水量46.2 mm,较常年同期（35.8 mm）偏多29%,为1961年以来第八高;全国平均气温10.6℃,较常年同期（10.3℃）偏高0.3℃。10月我国的大范围降水过程有6次,主要冷空气过程3次,其中8—10日降水过程伴随冷空气活动,给西北地区东部、华北中南部、东北南部带来该地区该季节较罕见的大范围强降水。2017年第20号台风卡努10月中旬登陆广东雷州半岛,给华南带来大风、降水。下旬我国北方出现一次雾 霾天气过程。 相似文献
4.
2019年1月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2019年1月大气环流主要特征为：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,环流呈三波型,南支槽平均位置大致位于90°E附近,同时,西太平洋副热带高压较常年同期位置偏西,强度偏强。本月,全国平均降水量为14.0 mm,较常年同期（13.5 mm）偏多4%,月内出现三次较强降水过程,江南和西南部分地区降水明显,全国共有35站日降水量达到极端事件标准。全国平均气温为-4.1℃,较常年同期（-5.0℃）偏高0.9℃,共出现4次冷空气过程。本月共发生2次大范围雾 霾天气过程。 相似文献
5.
2016年7月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
2016年7月大气环流特征为,极涡呈偏心型分布,主体强度较常年偏强;中高纬环流呈4波型分布,北半球副热带高压强度偏强,西太平洋副热带高压整体位置偏南,脊线南北振荡。7月我国平均气温为22.6℃,较常年同期（21.9℃）偏高0.7℃。全国平均降水量131.8 mm,较常年同期（120.6 mm）偏多9.3%,华北、江淮和江南等地偏多显著。强降水天气主要出现在华北地区和南方,7月我国出现8次区域性暴雨天气过程,7月18—22日降水过程多方面突破历史极值。7月西北太平洋地区有4个台风生成,3个台风活跃,2个台风登陆我国,数量较历史同期明显偏少。第一号台风是1949年以来生成时间第二晚的首个台风。内蒙古东北部出现气象干旱。中东部地区和新疆持续高温天气,最长持续天数为11 d,最大影响1075个站点;高温极值为46.8℃,发生在吐鲁番站。 相似文献
6.
2014年1月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2014年1月大气环流主要特征如下：北半球极涡呈偶极型分布,位置较常年同期明显偏南;欧亚中高纬环流经向度较小;南支槽平均位置位于70°E附近,位置较常年同期明显偏西;同时,西太平洋副热带高压较常年同期略偏弱。1月,全国平均降水量为6.2 mm,较常年同期（13.2 mm）偏少53.0%。全国平均气温为-3.4℃,较常年同期（-5.0℃）偏高1.6℃。月内,我国出现1次主要冷空气过程和4次主要降水过程。北方冬麦区降水偏少,气象干旱持续;中东部地区出现大范围雾或霾天气;南方地区出现低温雨雪天气 相似文献
7.
2018年3月大气环流的主要特征是极涡呈偶极型分布,中高纬环流呈3波型,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏弱,南支槽强度与常年相当。3月全国平均气温7.0℃,较常年同期（4.1℃）偏高2.9℃,为1961年以来同期最高;全国平均降水量29.4 mm,接近常年同期（29.5 mm）。月内我国中东部地区出现1次全国中等（南方强）冷空气过程,1次北方强冷空气过程;南方地区有5次主要降水过程;北方地区有3次沙尘天气过程;江西、湖北、湖南和广西等省(区)局地遭受风雹袭击。 相似文献
8.
9.
2017年8月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
2017年8月北半球500 hPa极涡呈单极型分布,强度强于常年同期;亚欧洲大陆中高纬为多波动;西北太平洋副热带高压位置偏西,强度接近常年略偏强。8月全国平均降水量126.6 mm,较常年同期（105.3 mm）偏多20%;全国平均气温为21.4℃,较常年同期（20.8℃）偏高0.6℃。月内共出现了8次主要的区域性强降水过程,多站日降水量超历史同期极值。8月共有5个台风在西北太平洋和南海海域活动,其中1713号台风天鸽、1714号台风帕卡4天内先后登陆珠三角。月内,我国南方地区出现大范围持续高温天气,江淮、江汉等地出现阶段性伏旱。 相似文献
10.
2019年3月大气环流和天气分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
2019年3月大气环流的主要特征是极涡偏强且呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈三波型分布,东亚槽偏东偏弱,导致弱冷空气频繁影响我国且路径偏东,西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏强,南支槽强度较常年偏弱但短波活跃,与频繁南下的东路冷空气交汇造成江南华南降雨显著偏多。3月全国平均气温为5.6℃,较常年同期（4.1℃）偏高1.5℃;全国平均降水量为30.0 mm,接近常年同期（29.5 mm）。月内我国出现1次全国强冷空气过程;南方地区有7次区域性暴雨天气过程;北方地区有1次沙尘天气过程;3月强对流天气过程频繁,江西、广东、广西、湖南等省(区)多地遭受风雹袭击。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献