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1.
基于水动力方法构建的广州城市暴雨内涝模型,结合精细化降水预报,对内涝点的积水深度及风险等级进行模拟,结果表明,模型对近两年内涝点内涝风险等级命中率达65%,对总降水量为50～100 mm的降水过程命中率最高为72.8%。模型对2020年“5.22”特大暴雨过程模拟的积水深度和实况相比偏弱,误差主要分布在30 cm以内,大约占64%,大部分模型模拟积水深度偏小,主要位于广州中北部地区;此外,模型对积水1m以下内涝点的积水有不错的模拟能力,而对2m左右的深积水模拟能力还有限。不同重现期雨情下,广州中心城区的降雨量和历时越大,积水面积越大。1 h重现期雨情下,积水深度一般在20 cm以下,部分在20～59 cm;3 h降雨情景下,积水明显加深,积水深度一般在20～59 cm,部分在0～20 cm和60～119 cm。总体而言,模型模拟结果与实测内涝积水情况基本一致,模型准确度可满足业务需求。 相似文献
2.
以福州市城区地表和明渠河道为主要模拟对象,结合福州市城区高精度地理信息、排水设施、排水运作方式等数据,建立福州城市暴雨内涝数学模型。利用该模型对福州市历史上3次典型降雨过程以及不同重现期降雨造成的城区内涝灾害进行模拟。对模型的模拟结果与实况积水进行评估表明,3次降雨过程的模拟与实况积水深度绝对误差小于10 cm的积水点分别占比为50%、78%、76%。模型对雨强较大的短时强降雨过程,模拟效果稍差,模拟积水比实况积水整体偏小;对长时间、雨强比较平均的降雨,整体模拟效果较好。利用模型对不同重现期降雨下福州市城区内涝灾害风险进行评估表明,模型能够客观反映不同重现期降雨过程下福州市城区内涝灾害风险分布。 相似文献
3.
使用高精度高程、路网、河网、排水管网、工程设施以及防洪调度等数据,将各类空间信息剖分为7 287个无结构不规则网格及相应通道,并针对城市立体化交通设施,对模型进行调参,最终构建了合肥城市暴雨内涝数值模型。采用城市地表、明渠河道、排水管网等主要水文水动力学物理过程,模拟积水深度及演进情况。在此基础上,将短时临近预报系统INCA (Integrated Nowcasting through Comprehensive Analysis)的降水估测产品和降水预报产品(空间分辨率1 km,时间分辨率1 h)作为驱动条件,得到未来6 h逐时的积水深度预报及内涝风险预警产品。研究结果表明:城市内涝模型对积水深度及积水演进过程的模拟和实况较为吻合,体现出对河网、路网、社区积水良好的模拟能力。对2017年8月25日合肥西南部严重内涝过程的检验表明,积水深度预报效果很大程度上依赖INCA的降水预报质量,对于短时强降水,INCA在临近时效预报效果相对较好,因此积水深度预报产品可在临近时效内较为准确的预报积水区域以及积水变化过程。可见利用高时空分辨率降水预报产品和城市暴雨内涝数值模型耦合制作内涝风险预警,可有效增加内涝灾害的预见期,为城市防涝减灾提供科学参考。 相似文献
4.
《高原山地气象研究》2022,(Z1)
应用地面气象观测、雷达、风云二号卫星等资料,对自贡7月的三次暴雨天气进行分析。结果表明：高空低值系统、地面冷空气和副高阻挡,使得三次暴雨天气小时雨量大,范围也较大。“7.15”暴雨过程实况较模式预报低涡位置偏南,副高东退较慢;“7.2”暴雨过程实况地面辐合线均偏东,预报降雨落区与实况略有误差。数值模式预报对雨带把握较好,但对降水强度均较实况偏弱、偏北。NCEP、SWC数值模式和四川省气象台指导预报的降水强度和落区与实况更为接近。 相似文献
5.
上海中心城区暴雨内涝阈值研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于上海暴雨积水110报警数据和自动气象站逐小时降水数据,利用时空过程分析法研究了暴雨积水与降水强度以及累积雨量的关系,建立了中心城区暴雨内涝的阈值指标,结果表明,中心城区暴雨积水程度与1 h降水强度和2 h累积雨量密切相关。当降水强度达30~40 mm·h-1时,中心城区就会出现暴雨积水。当降水强度达50 mm·h-1、2 h累积雨量达70 mm时,暴雨积水会明显增多。相对于暴雨发生的时间,暴雨积水具有明显的滞后效应,一般滞后1~2 h。下垫面状况、人口和道路密度也影响到暴雨积水的发生。综合海拔高程、下垫面类型、排水管网等多因素,开展中心城区精细化的暴雨内涝风险情景模拟及灾害损失评估,是下一步的研究方向。 相似文献
6.
利用常规气象资料、卫星云图及雷达资料、自动气象站资料及NCEP1°×1°逐6h再分析资料,对2018年9月19—20日四川盆地东北部一次暴雨落区预报误差进行分析。结果表明:副高快速东退南压,配合低层强北风,加快了低层切变线和急流东退南压;西南气流偏西分量增强,偏南分量减弱,加快降水系统的东移,使得降水系统主要停滞在四川东北部的广安及达州中南部区域,造成该区产生暴雨和大暴雨。数值预报场上副高、切变线和急流东退南压速度均明显慢于实况,导致此次过程暴雨预报落区较实况误差较大。由卫星云图、地面流场和露点锋区分析可以看出,通过暖湿气流中具备抬升作用的位置可以判断1~3h内云团的演变趋势,确定强降水落区,为短临预报提供较好参考。通过多普勒雷达垂直风廓线产品(VWP)分析700hPa附近引导气流的转换来判断系统移动的速度和移出的时间。数值预报具有自身的误差和不稳定性,在实际业务中应以数值预报为基础,综合分析多种观测资料订正数值预报才能提高暴雨落区预报准确率。 相似文献
7.
北京城市内涝积水的数值模拟 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
北京城市内涝数值模型(BUW)根据北京复杂地形和大城市特点,将各类空间信息剖分为6458个网格及相应的通道,围绕城市地表、河道沟渠、排水管网等城市主要水文水动力学物理过程,模拟积水深度变化情况。以精细化的降水监测为驱动条件,BUW可以较好地模拟出“7·21”城市内涝积水的空间分布,对重点桥区的积水深度,积水过程的模拟也比较贴近实际,具有良好的模拟性能。360 min历时的2年重现期降雨情景下,北京四环内就会产生一定的积水,以孤立的积水点为主。10和50年重现期下,积水的深度和范围都有所增加,且开始呈片状。100年重现期,整个五环内都出现严重的城市积水,南部出现大片超过50 cm的积水区域,部分地区积水超过80 cm。面对“7·21”级别的降水,排水管网直径拓宽20%并不能明显改善城市排水能力。拓宽60%时,四环到五环之间的积水明显减弱,四环以内的大部分积水减弱。拓宽100%时,仅在二环到四环之间还有一些较浅的积水,拓宽140%时,六环内大部分积水消失。 相似文献
8.
《干旱气象》2017,(3)
利用2014年9月—2015年8月环境保护部对外发布的兰州市6种污染物实况监测数据,对同时期CUACE模式的24 h预报结果进行误差分析,并通过误差滚动线性回归订正方法进行检验订正。结果表明:(1)兰州市的首要污染物以PM10为主,其次是PM_(2.5);(2)CUACE模式对SO2的预报及对O_3、NO_2、PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)预报为2级时,等级预报准确率较高,预报结果可直接使用;(3)模式对O_3和CO预报1级时,采用10 d误差滚动订正后等级预报准确率可提高1.1%~5.5%;(4)模式预报其它要素的其它级别时采用5 d或10 d误差滚动订正后再加上或减去一定值后,等级预报准确率可提高8.7%~75%。 相似文献
9.
选取2021年嫩江流域9个暴雨日,利用降水融合产品,采用CRA空间检验,对区域台风数值预报系统(CMATYM)和国家级智能网格指导预报(SCMOC)20:00起报的24 h降水预报产品进行检验。结果表明:CMA-TYM和SCMOC预报的最大降水量位置均偏西、偏北,CMA-TYM和SCMOC预报的降水落区均偏西,但前者偏北,后者略偏南,SCMOC预报优于CMA-TYM。误差分析表明:CMA-TYM和SCMOC预报的暴雨落区最大降水量和平均降水量比实况偏小,格点数、面积较实况偏大,但整体上,CMA-TYM预报更接近实况。CRA空间检验显示,CMA-TYM预报的降水强度和落区形态、SCMOC预报的降水落区位置和形态较接近实况,具有一定指示意义。 相似文献
10.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(3)
以天津地区典型的津河局部地段作为研究对象,结合城市地理信息和排水管网运作方式,重新构建城市内涝模型,将河网、路网、管网和社区的计算网格分层划分,形成相对独立的河网、路网、管网和社区的计算模拟体系,通过对城市内涝数学模型进行改进,形成分区分层与立体多重的城市内涝计算模式。选取2009—2015年天津地区的10次降雨过程,结合排水部门提供的城市积水信息和河道水位数据,对建立的立体多重城市内涝模型的模拟结果进行验证。结果表明:建立的天津地区立体多重城市内涝模型模拟的最大积水深度与实况积水深度误差绝对值小于10 cm的降水过程,占模拟的2009—2015年天津地区全部降雨过程的88%,模拟的液面过程与实测液面过程的变化趋势一致,模拟的河道水位与实况水位的统计平均误差均小于10 cm,水量平衡的相对误差为0。可见,建立的天津地区立体多重城市内涝模型可以有效的模拟城市河道的水位和城市积水的变化。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献