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1.
采用1×107cells/ml的河流弧菌悬液背部肌肉注射感染牙鲆,注射后24h、48h试验组的血清抗菌活力分别极显著性(P0.01)和显著性(P0.05)高于对照组。用Sephadex G-25凝胶柱对第二次人工注射感染后24h牙鲆血清进行分离,其中第7—15收集管对河流弧菌具有抗菌活性,对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌等指示菌也具有明显的抗菌作用,在4—100℃范围内,大部分活性分离组分随着温度的升高其抗菌活力有所增强。具有抗河流弧菌活性收集管(第9管)经弱阳离子交换柱分离后,OD280显示出2个蛋白吸收峰,具有抗河流弧菌活性的物质主要集中在第1吸收峰。SDS-PAGE分析显示经Sephadex G-25凝胶柱和弱阳离子交换柱分离的抗菌蛋白分子量较大。以上结果表明,牙鲆被河流弧菌感染后能很快产生大量抗菌物质释放到血清中;主要抗菌物质的分子量较大,且热稳定性较好;这些活性物质的抗菌活性具有较强的特异性。 相似文献
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采用体外拮抗试验方法,研究了2株分离自斜带石斑鱼幼鱼肠道的乳酸菌(MM1和MM4)的产酸能力及抑菌特性。结果表明,MM1产乳酸速度较快,且整个培养期间乳酸产量均显著高于MM4(P0.05)。MM1和MM4对革兰氏阴性细菌梅氏弧菌、哈维氏弧菌和革兰氏阳性细菌金黄色葡萄球菌均有强烈的抑制作用,但乳酸对2株乳酸菌的抑菌活性没有影响。过氧化氢酶显著降低了2株乳酸菌对梅氏弧菌和哈维氏弧菌的抑菌活性(P0.05),但对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性影响较小,提示2株菌除能产生过氧化氢外,还能产生其它抑菌物质。2株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质具有一定的热稳定性,对蛋白酶部分敏感,经3种蛋白酶(胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K)处理后,均保留70.0%以上的抑菌活性。因此,2株乳酸菌产生的抑菌物质具有热稳定性和蛋白酶部分敏感特性,且对革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有抑制效果,可推测为类细菌素物质。 相似文献
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为探讨生防细菌应用于水产养殖动物细菌病防治的可行性,作者从厦门市海沧港口污泥中筛选到一株蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)K2-1,利用琼脂扩散法发现其发酵上清对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)养殖常见致病菌——副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus))有较强拮抗作用。进一步分析抗菌物质的部分特性,结果显示,蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)K2-1发酵产生的抗菌物质含有蛋白(肽)类成分,该抗菌物质具有一定的耐热性,其在温度40~70℃的条件下保持较好的抑菌效果,对酸碱度也有很强的耐受力,pH在3.0~9.0范围内,活性降低少于15%,对紫外线不敏感,对胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶也不敏感,但对蛋白酶K敏感。从实验结果可以初步确定该菌具有较好的开发价值。 相似文献
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研究了高体Serioladumerili弧菌病致病菌对 30种抗菌药物的敏感性 ,测定了磺胺类药物、先锋必素等 4种抗菌性较强的抗菌药物对该菌的最低抑菌浓度 (MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)以及最小抑菌时间 (MIT)。磺胺类药物的MIC和MBC最低 ,MIT最小。进一步的小型治疗实验结果表明 ,磺胺类药物能有效地控制高体弧菌病的发生 ,对该病的治愈率达75% ,是治疗高体弧菌病的首选药物。文中还强调了对养殖环境中致病菌的浓度进行监测和控制的重要性。 相似文献
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几种海产双壳贝类血淋巴中抗菌物质的诱导及其活性测定 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
以贻贝（Mytilus edulis)，毛蚶（Scapharca subcrenata)，海湾扇贝（Argopecten irdians)和菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinesis)为试验材料，分别用活的和灭活的大肠杆菌为诱导物进行诱导，采用3种革兰氏阳性细菌和3种革兰氏阴性细菌作为指示菌，对4种供试双壳贝类血淋巴进行抗菌活性测定，结果表明：（1）贻贝在诱导前其血淋巴对金黄色葡萄球菌和四联微球菌有抑菌活性，免疫诱导可使血淋巴对鳗弧菌出现抑菌作用；（2）毛蚶在诱导前其血淋巴中含有对金黄色葡萄球菌和鳗弧菌有抑菌活性的物质，诱导对这两种菌的抑菌活性有明显的提高，但未诱导出对另外4种供试细菌有活性的物质；（3）海湾扇贝在诱导前其血淋巴对所有供试细胞均无抑菌活性，但经诱导后产生对金黄色葡萄球菌，副溶血弧菌和鳗弧菌有抑菌活性的物质，且活菌诱导比灭活诱导效果好；（4）菲律宾蛤仔在诱导前其血淋巴仅对金黄色葡萄球菌和鳗弧菌表现出抑菌活性，经诱导后其血淋巴不仅对这两种菌的抑菌活性增强，而且还诱导出对副溶血弧菌有抑菌活性的物质。 相似文献
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用平板涂布法从集美海边分离到381株细菌,用平板划线法或点种法检验这些海洋细菌对两株病原弧菌(副溶血弧菌(Vibrio Parahaemolyticus)和溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)的拮抗作用。从中挑选2株对海水养殖动物病原弧菌有较好拮抗作用的细菌,编号为GX75和GZ46。对拮抗菌(GX75和GZ46进行了抗菌谱测定,结果表明,GX75对9株指示菌中的副溶血弧菌、河流弧菌和坎普氏弧菌有较好的拮抗作用,GZ46对副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌和坎普氏弧菌有较好的桔抗作用。在营养肉汤中,测定了GX75和GZ46的抗菌作用,表明(GX75和GZ46对副溶血弧菌拮抗作用很明显。 相似文献
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采用平板涂布法从南麂岛近海海洋沉积物样品中分得86株放线菌,用琼脂块法和杯碟法结合筛选出对副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(V.harveyi)两种大黄鱼病原性弧菌具有不同拮抗作用的海洋放线菌5株,其中编号NJR0956的菌株对两种致病菌的抑菌圈直径均25mm,表现出较强的抑制作用;进而测定了5株活性菌株的抗菌谱。结果表明,它们对指示菌中的副溶血弧菌、哈维氏弧菌、鳗弧菌(V.anguillarum)、溶藻弧菌(V.alginolyticus)四种病原弧菌均具有较好的拮抗作用;在对NJR0956的抑菌效果研究中发现,该菌株在牛肉膏蛋白胨液体培养基中不仅能够增殖,而且能够有效地抑制病原菌的生长。 相似文献
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海洋生境芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)的培养条件及产生的胞外抗菌蛋白 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
测试了4株海洋芽孢杆菌的培养条件对其产生抗菌蛋白的影响;提取的粗蛋白的性质以及对6种病原指示菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,4株海洋芽孢杆菌在2216E,EMB,CM培养液;15～35℃;NaCl浓度0%～5%;pH3～9的条件下均能生长,适宜生长温度20～28℃;NaCl浓度1%～3%;pH5～8.菌株分别培养84～108h抑菌活性最强.(NH4)2SO4沉淀抗菌粗蛋白的最适饱和度为50%～70%.粗蛋白对病原菌尤其对病原真菌具有强烈的抑制作用.粗蛋白性质稳定,对高温和蛋白酶不敏感. 相似文献
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贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) DH82发酵上清液经最佳硫酸铵饱和度(70%)沉淀、透析获得粗蛋白,粗蛋白经Sephadex G-75柱层析的色谱条件为柱1. 6 cm×50. 0 cm;上样量为5 mL;洗脱液为超纯水,流速2 mL/min;检测波长280 nm,获得两个具有抑菌活性的峰蛋白PrⅠ和PrⅡ。两个峰蛋白经抑菌谱检测,发现对常见水产指示病原细菌包括迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、坎氏弧菌(Vibrio campbellii)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、无乳链球菌(Streptococcus agalactiae)和金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)都具有较好抑菌活性,表明深海贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DH82产生的抑菌活性物质对水产病原细菌的抑菌谱较广,其中峰蛋白PrⅡ对指示植物病原真菌水贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equisetum)也具有较好抑菌作用。进一步对峰蛋白进行最小抑菌浓度(MIC)检验,发现其对迟缓爱德华氏菌和溶藻弧菌的MIC都较低(为7. 16μg/mL)。以上研究结果表明,深海贝莱斯芽孢杆菌DH82具有较宽的抑菌谱及较强的抑菌活性,预示该菌株在常见水产细菌性及个别植物真菌性病害防治上具有较好的开发利用价值。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
18.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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