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1.
The surface sediment samples were collected month by month at nine stations in the Daya Bay from January to December 1987, and the number of anaerobic sulfite reducing bacteria and their spores and the regularity of seasonal change were determined. The effect of environmental factors, water temperature and the resoluble oxygen concentration in the bottom of seawater on the number of them were discussed. The results show that the number of anaerobic su|fite reducing bacteria were low in sediment of the Daya Bay, indicating that the hay was less contaminated.  相似文献   

2.
Screening bioactive natural products from bacteria is a determinative step in the drug discovery programs. The present study aim to isolate actinobacteria from the Oman Sea sediments for determining the effects of different culture media and treatments on the yield of the isolation process, and measure the DPPH radical scavenging and Artemia cytotoxic activity of culture extracts of the actinobacterial isolates. A total of 290 actinobacterial isolates were collected from 14 sediment samples. Heat treatment(40.68%) and M_4 medium(29.31%) exhibited the maximum isolation rates of actinobacteria. Streptomyces isolates were dominantly distributed in all of the investigated stations according to 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. The distribution pattern of Streptomyces followed a depth-dependent frequency trend, whereas the members of rare genera including Micromonospora, Nocardia Actinoplanes, Nocardiopsis, Saccharopolyspora and Crossiella were distributed in deeper stations. Approximately,25% of the examined isolates could scavenge 90% of 10~(–4) mol/L DPPH solutions at 1 250 μg/mL final concentration of their ethyl acetate culture extracts. Furthermore, the most potent extracts could scavenge DPPH radicals with IC50 ranges from 356.8 to 566.4 μg/mL. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity tests showed that 38.88% of the examined culture extracts exhibited LC_(50) lower than 1 000 μg/mL against the Artemia cells. Moreover, the most potent culture extracts exhibited LC_(50) range from 335.4 to 534.4 μg/mL. Phylogenetic analysis by 16 S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the OS 005, OS 263 and OS 157 closely related to Streptomyces djakartensis, Streptomyces olivaceus and Nocardiopsis dassonvillei respectively. These results suggested the widespread distribution of the antioxidant and cytotoxic producing actinobacteria in the Oman Sea sediments, which could be considered as promising candidates for the discovery of microbial bioactive compounds.  相似文献   

3.
Planktonic bacteria are abundant in the Chukchi Borderland region. However, little is known about their diversity and the roles of various bacteria in the ocean. Seawater samples were collected from two stations K2S and K4S where sea ice was melting obviously. The analysis of water samples with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that DMSP-degrading bacteria accounted for 13% of the total bacteria at the station K2S. No aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were detected in both samples. The bacterial communities were characterized by two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Sequences fell into four major lineages of the domain Bacteria, including Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta and Gamma subclasses), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. No significant difference was found between the two clone libraries. SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae clades of Alphaproteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas of Gammapro-teobacteria constituted three dominant fractions in the clone libraries. A total of 191 heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and 76% showed extracellular proteolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the isolates fell into Gammaproteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The most common genus in both the bacterial isolates and protease-producing bacteria was Pseudoalteromonas. UniFrac data showed suggestive differences in bacterial communities between the Chukchi Borderland and the northern Bering Sea.  相似文献   

4.
Laminaria (Saccharina) is one of the economic important seaweeds.Through sequence analysis of 4 099 ESTs from Laminaria (971 were generated from our own cDNA laboratories and 3 128 were downloaded from updated EST databases) with SSRIT software,two hundred and fifty-four SSRs in 206 ESTs were found.From the 254 SSRs,sixty-three SSR primer-pairs were designed. In order to test their practicability, the 63 primer-pairs were tested in commonly used SSR reaction conditions using 12 Laminara DNA samples as templates. The results show that 23 SSR primer-pairs gave good amplification patterns on most (more than 80%) of the 12 Laminara DNA templates. Genetic diversity study of 12 Laminaria lines,which were widely used in breeding and economic cultivation in China,was performed based on the obtained SSR data.  相似文献   

5.
Ulva species can grow rapidly in nutrient-rich habitats causing green tides and marine fouling. A more complete understanding of the reasons behind these outbreaks is urgently required. Accordingly, this study attempts to use microsatellite markers based expressed sequence tag（EST） to analyze the genetic variation of several Ulva prolifera populations in the South Yellow Sea of China. Two hundred and thirty-eight SSRs were identified from 8 179 unique ESTs（6 203 newly sequenced and 1 976 downloaded from NCBI database） and 37 primer pairs were successfully designed according to the ESTs; 11 pairs were selected to detect the genetic diversity and relationship of 69 attached U. prolifera samples and 13 free-floating samples collected from coastal and off-coast areas of the South Yellow Sea. The results of cross-species transferability showed that six of the 11 EST-SSR primers could give good amplification in other five Ulva species and the average allele number was 4.67. Genetic variation analysis indicated that all 82 U. prolifera samples were clearly divided and most samples collected from the same site clustered together as a group in the dendrogram tree produced by unweighted pair-group mean analysis（UPGMA） method and the cluster results showed some consistency with the geographical origins. In addition, 13 free-floating samples（except HT-001-2） were grouped as a single clade separated from the attached samples.  相似文献   

6.
To understand the present actuality of the marine ecosystem in the southern coastal water region of the Shandong Peninsula and the impact of the global change and the human activities to the marine ecosystem of the region,the macrobenthic community structure was researched based on data from 26 sampling stations carried out on four seasonal cruises from December 2006 to November 2007.The data was analyzed using PRIMER 6.0 and SPSS 15.0 software packages.The results showed that 236 macrobenthic species in total were collected from the research region by the field works.Most of the species belong to Polychaeta (76 species),Mollusca (75) and Crustacea (60).Of which,33 species were common species by the four cruises.The dominant species were different among the four seasons,however,the polychaete species Nephtys oligobranchia and Sternaspis scutata were always dominant in the four seasons.The abundances and biomasses of the macrobenthos from the research region were variable in the four seasons.The results of CLUSTER and MDS analysis showed that the similarities of macrobenthic structures among the stations were low,most of the similarities were at about 40% of similarity values,only that of two stations were up to 60%.In accordance with the similarity values of the macrobenthic structures,the 26 stations were clustered as six groups at arbitrary similarity level of 30%.The ABC curve indicated that the marcofauna communities in the research region had not been disturbed distinctly.The results of BIOENV and BVSTEP (Spearman) analysis implied that the concentrations of organic matter in bottom water and heavy metal copper in sediment,water depth and temperature of bottom were the most significant environmental factors to affect the macrobentic community.  相似文献   

7.
Abstract-The colony-forming Phaeocystis species are causative agents of dense bloom occurrences incoastal waters worldwide. It is difficult to separate them because of the different morphologies associatedwith their colonial stages. In this study we applied molecular approaches to analyze the genetic variationof Phaeocystis globosa and Phaeocystis pouchetii from several geogrtaphic regions, and to assist in tracingthe dispersal of bloom-forming Phaeocystis species in coastal waters of China. The Sequences of the inter-nal transcribed sacers (ITS1 and ITS2) of rDNA and the 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene of Phaeocystisstrains were determined. Sequence comparison shows that P.globosa was the most divergent toP. pouchetii, exhibiting sequence divergence higher than 0.08. However, lower genetic divergences ex-isted between strains of P.globosa. The sequence comparison of the Phaeocystis rDNA ITS clearlyshows that the species isolated from the southeast coast of China is identified as P. globosa rather thanP. cf. po  相似文献   

8.
A sediment sample was collected from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field located at a depth of 2 951 m on the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analyses were performed on the prokaryotic community using polymerase chain reaction（PCR） amplification of the 16 S rRNA and nifH genes. Within the Archaea, the dominant clones were from marine benthic group E（MBGE） and marine group I（MGI） belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota, respectively. More than half of the bacterial clones belonged to the Proteobacteria, and most fell within the Gammaproteobacteria. No epsilonproteobacterial sequence was observed. Additional phyla were detected including the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, Chloroflexi, Chlorobi, Chlamydiae, Verrucomicrobia, and candidate divisions OD1, OP11, WS3 and TM6, confirming their existence in hydrothermal vent environments. The detection of nifH gene suggests that biological nitrogen fixation may occur in the hydrothermal vent field of the Southwest Indian Ridge. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only Clusters I and III NifH were present. This is consistent with the phylogenetic analysis of the microbial 16 S rRNA genes, indicating that Bacteria play the main role in nitrogen fixation in this hydrothermal vent environment.  相似文献   

9.
Diversity of bacteria was studied in deep-sea sediments from the Shikoku Basin in the Northwest Pacific Ocean by PCR, RFLP and sequence analysis of 16S rDNA and comparing with Genbank database. Based on the RFLP profile generated, 77 clones from the 16S rDNA library were divided into 27 types. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 27 independent clones fell into four groups: Proteobacteria (62.96%), Chloroflexi (14.81%), Planctomycetes (14.81%) and Acidobacteria (7.41%). Among all sequenced clones, 6 were related to the sulfur or sulfate metabolism bacteria and the results also demonstrated that some bacteria in deep-sea sediments had relation to matter-energy circulation.  相似文献   

10.
The study aims to reveal phylogenetic and evolutionary relationship between aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AAnPB) and their relatives, anaerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (AnAnPB) and nonphototrophic bacteria (NPB, which had high homology of 16S rDNA gene with AAnPB and fell into the same genus), and validate reliability and usefulness of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) gene for the phylogenetic determination. FPPS genes with our modified primers and 16S rDNA genes with general primers, were amplified and sequenced or retrieved from GenBank database. In contrast to 16S rDNA gene phylogenetic tree, AAnPB were grouped into two clusters and one branch alone with no intermingling with NPB and AnAnPB in the tree constructed on FPPS. One branch of AAnPB, in both trees, was located closer to outgroup species than AnAnPB, which implicated that some AAnPB would be diverged earlier in FPPS evolutionary history than AnAnPB and NPB. Some AAnPB and NPB were closer located in both trees and this suggested that they were the closer relatives than AnAnPB. Combination codon usage in FPPS with phylogenetic analysis, the results indicates that FPPS gene and 16S rRNA gene have similar evolutionary pattern but the former seems to be more reliable and useful in determining the phylogenic and evolutionary relationship between AAnPB and their relatives. This is the first attempt to use a molecular marker beside 16S rRNA gene for studying the phylogeny of AAnPB, and the study may also be helpful in understanding the evolutionary relationship among phototrophic microbes and the trends of photosynthetic genes transfer.  相似文献   

11.
Detailed lithological, biogeochemical and molecular biological analyses of core sediments collected in 2002–2006 from the vicinity of the Malenky mud volcano, Lake Baikal, reveal considerable spatial variations in pore water chemical composition, with total concentrations of dissolved salts varying from 0.1 to 1.8‰. Values of methane δ13С in the sediments suggest a biogenic origin (δ13Сmin. ?61.3‰, δ13Сmax. ?72.9‰). Rates of sulphate reduction varied from 0.001 to 0.7 nmol cm?3 day?1, of autotrophic methanogenesis from 0.01 to 2.98 nmol CH4 cm?3 day?1, and of anaerobic oxidation of methane from 0 to 12.3 nmol cm?3 day?1. These results indicate that methanogenic processes dominate in gas hydrate-bearing sediments of Lake Baikal. Based on clone libraries of 16S rRNA genes amplified with Bacteria- and Archaea-specific primers, investigation of microbial diversity in gas hydrate-bearing sediments revealed bacterial 16S rRNA clones classified as Deltaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi and OP11. Archaeal clone sequences are related to the Crenarchaeota and Euryarchaeota. Baikal sequences of Archaea form a distinct cluster occupying an intermediate position between the marine groups ANME-2 and ANME-3 of anaerobic methanotrophs.  相似文献   

12.
本研究从自然发病的养殖大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)肝脏处分离得到1株优势菌9L2,经形态学观察和传统生理生化鉴定,显示该菌为发酵型革兰氏阴性短杆菌,有动力,氧化酶阳性,水解赖氨酸及色氨酸等。利用Biolog细菌鉴定方法进行种属鉴定,确定9L2为维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),相似性达100%。同时对其16S rDNA基因进行PCR扩增、测序和系统发育分析,结果表明该菌与气单胞菌属的菌株亲缘关系最近,与维氏气单胞菌(登录号为LMG13695)的16S rRNA基因序列相似性达99.79%。经人工腹腔注射感染吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的试验结果表明,9L2对罗非鱼的半数致死剂量LD_(50)为1.08×10~3CFU/g。24种抗生素药敏试验结果表明,该菌株对诺氟沙星、新生霉素、呋喃妥因、头孢曲松等13种药物高度敏感,对洛美沙星、卡那霉素等5种药物中度敏感,对利福平、青霉素等6种药物产生耐药性。20种中药体外抑菌试验结果表明,其中11种对致病菌体外抑菌效果较好,平均抑菌浓度范围为0.11—7.20mg/mL。  相似文献   

13.
Anammox is the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium by nitrite or nitrate to yield N2. This process, along with conventional denitrification, contributes to nitrogen loss in oxygen-deficient systems. Anammox is performed by a special group of bacteria belonging to the Planctomycetes phylum. However, information about the distribution, activity, and controlling factors of these anammox bacteria is still limited. Herein, we examine the phylogenetic diversity, vertical distribution, and activity of anammox bacteria in the coastal upwelling region and oxygen minimum zone off northern Chile. The phylogeny of anammox bacteria was studied using primers designed to specifically target 16S rRNA genes from Planctomycetes in samples taken during a cruise in 2004. Anammox bacteria-like sequences affiliated with Candidatus “Scalindua spp.” dominated the 16S rRNA gene clone library. However, 62% of the sequences subgrouped separately within this cluster and together with a single sequence retrieved from the suboxic zone of the freshwater Lake Tanganyika. The vertical distribution and activity of anammox bacteria were explored through CARD-FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization with catalyzed reporter deposition) and 15N labeling incubations, respectively, at two different open-ocean stations during a second cruise in 2005. Anammox bacterial CARD-FISH counts (up to 3000 cells ml−1) and activity (up to 5.75 nmol N2 L−1 d−1) were only detected at the station subjected directly to the upwelling influence. Anammox cell abundance and activity were highest at 50 m depth, which is the upper part of the OMZ. In this layer, a high abundance of cyanobacteria and a marked nitrogen deficit were also observed. Thus, our results show the presence of a new subcluster within the marine anammox phylogeny and indicate high vertical variability in the abundance and activity of anammox bacteria that could be related to an intensification of carbon and nitrogen cycling in the upper part of the OMZ.  相似文献   

14.
采用常规的形态及生理生化特性检验、API20strep快速鉴定及分子生物学等方法,对引起2009年海南罗非鱼大规模死亡的病原菌进行了致病性、表型生物学,分子生物学及药敏试验的系统研究。结果表明,2株分离菌均为无乳链球菌,对罗非鱼具有很强的致病性。分离菌16SrRNA基因序列(GenBank登录存取号分别为GU363869和GU363870)与其它链球菌的16SrRNA基因同源性相似性在96.5%—100%之间,所测2株病原菌16SrRNA基因之间的同源性为100%。16SrRNA基因构建的系统进化树表明,2株病原菌均与无乳链球菌聚类。药敏试验结果表明,分离菌株对头孢类药物、阿莫西林、强力霉素等27种试验药物较敏感,对复方新诺明、卡那霉素等11种试验药物不敏感,对庆大霉素的敏感性不同。  相似文献   

15.
采用分子生物学方法,对分离的米氏凯伦藻4株藻际异养细菌进行分子鉴定和功能分析。结果表明,经16S rRNA序列分析,4株藻际异养细菌分别隶属于Formosa、Erythrobacter、Shewanella和Marinobacter四个属,P1菌株与Formosa的16S rRNA核苷酸序列的同源性为95%,P2、P3和P4菌株与Erythrobacter、Shewanella和Marinobacter的同源性在99%以上。通过4株异养细菌及其同源性大的24株细菌构建进化树得出,28株细菌在系统发育树中主要分成4个分支,与同源性分析相符。  相似文献   

16.
以采自天津海水浴场潮间带的污泥为研究材料,将污泥热休克处理后富集混合菌群进行厌氧发酵产氢,测定混合菌群在发酵过程中累积产氢量和相关产氢指标(吸光度、酸碱度和氧化还原电位)的变化。结果表明,热休克处理后富集的产氢混合菌群产氢量为0.41mol H2/mol葡萄糖。产氢结束后,利用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)分析混合菌群组成和Fe-氢酶基因的多样性。混合菌群基因组DNA的16S rRNAV3区扩增产物经过DGGE电泳分离,结果得到6条丰度比较高的条带,测序结果表明优势菌为Clostridium sp.。利用梭菌氢酶基因保守性引物克隆混合产氢菌群中梭菌Fe-氢酶基因,扩增产物经DGGE电泳分离,电泳结果表明混合菌群中Fe-氢酶基因分为3个分类单元,NCBI-BLAST比对结果与Clostridium roseum和Clostridium perfringens的Fe-氢酶基因相似度分别为79%和98%。分析产氢混合菌群组成和Fe-氢酶基因多样性,可以为扩大产氢微生物种质资源奠定基础。  相似文献   

17.
条斑紫菜外生细菌的遗传多样性   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文
为研究藻际微生物多样性与紫菜健康养殖的关系,从江苏南通(养殖)、山东青岛(野生)、浙江温州(养殖)三地的条斑紫菜叶状体和江苏东台条斑紫菜贝壳丝状体及其周围的海水样品中分离了条斑紫菜外生细菌。根据菌落特征和菌体形态将获得的63株细菌分为21种表型。16SrDNA-V3片段DGGE分析结合序列测序比对结果表明:这些菌株与假交替单孢菌(Pseudoalteromonas)、嗜冷单胞菌(Psychrobacter)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)等10属相应菌株具有较高的同源性。通过对条斑紫菜外生细菌区系多样性分析得出:条斑紫菜藻体外生细菌组成与生活环境相关,但不同于周围海水细菌群落;不同来源(地点)、不同生理状况(健康与病烂)和不同生长阶段(叶状体和丝状体)的条斑紫菜外生菌种群组成差异较大。许多外生细菌对常见测试菌、海水养殖动物致病菌和人致病菌具有抑菌活性,其抑菌特点与紫菜生理性状相关。从健康条斑紫菜样品分离的外生菌中假交替单孢菌占优势,病烂紫菜未分离到假交替单孢菌,提示假交替单孢菌可能与紫菜健康生长有密切关系。  相似文献   

18.
矛尾复虾虎鱼溃疡病病原创伤弧菌的鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
2009年8月江苏连云港赣榆县多家虾蟹养殖塘混养的矛尾复虾虎鱼（砂nechogobius hasta）大量死亡．从病鱼深层溃烂组织及肝脏中分离出大量优势生长的细菌,人工感染试验证明分离菌对虾虎鱼的半数致死量（LD,0）为1．63×10^6cfu／g。对分离菌进行了形态特征、理化特性和分子生物学等方面的分析。一方面．分离...  相似文献   

19.
为了筛选可以耐受高浓度铯离子(Cs+)的海洋细菌并探究细菌耐受Cs+的机制,本研究从广西近海沉积物样品中筛选出一株能够耐受700 mmol/dm3 Cs+的海洋细菌,是目前已报道的可耐受最高浓度Cs+的细菌。通过形态学分析、16S rRNA序列分析及生理生化特性的测定,确定该菌属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),故将该菌株命名为Bacillus sp.Cs-700。在添加有700 mmol/dm3氯化铯的培养基中,菌体对铯的移除率最高可达52.06%。研究结果表明Bacillus sp.Cs-700不但具有耐受高浓度Cs+的特性,还具有较好的铯移除能力,具有修复放射性铯污染环境的潜力。本研究可为探索海洋放射性铯的生态修复提供参考。  相似文献   

20.
溶藻细菌MS7的分类鉴定及其溶藻活性的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
采用形态学、生理生化指标和16SrRNA基因序列同源性分析的方法,对菌株MS7进行鉴定,并通过溶藻试验测定该菌株对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的溶藻活性和溶藻方式。结果表明,MS7菌株为苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),对铜绿微囊藻具有高效溶藻效果,当菌浓度为108cells/mL,初始藻液叶绿素a浓度为0.7mg/L时,48h溶藻率达到91%。主要通过分泌胞外物质的间接方式溶藻,溶藻物质属于具有很强的热稳定性的非蛋白质类物质。  相似文献   

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