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1.
扬子地台是一个横跨华南地块的以浅海沉积为主的大型碳酸盐岩台地,南盘江盆地是发育在扬子地台碳酸盐岩台地背景之上的一个沉积盆地,从晚元古代到晚三叠世长期海相沉积演化历史中,扬子地台一南盘江盆地体系经历了多次重要的构造演化阶段。扬子地台从晚元古代到早三叠世末期一直保持为一个稳定的碳酸盐岩台地,在中三叠世末期扬子地块整体抬升,海平面下降,形成了遍及扬子主体的拉丁期大海退,从而使扬子地块大部分地区抬升为陆。南盘江盆地位于华南地块南缘,从晚元古代到晚三叠世沉积了一套厚度巨大的海相碳酸盐岩,晚三叠世发育了一套硅质碎屑的浊流沉积,区域沉积也由此转化为河流相沉积。二叠纪和三叠纪碳酸盐岩地层记录了碳酸盐岩台地长期演化历史及其特征多样的沉积建造和沉积环境,而硅质碎屑流和构造沉降速率的变化反映了盆地在三叠纪期间经历的聚合构造和前陆盆地发展过程。在三叠纪时期扬子地台沿西南一北东方向从云南围绕南盘江盆地向贵州延伸,在南盘江盆地中发育了几个孤立的碳酸盐岩台地,包括位于贵州南部和广西境内的大贵州滩和崇左平果台地。南盘江盆地在晚二叠世发生过一次区域性的海侵事件,早三叠世时期扬子地台和几个孤立台地为由鲕粒边滩组成的低角度斜坡,中三叠世（安尼期）变为由Tubiphytes边礁组成的陡倾斜坡。盆地范围内斜坡变陡激发了Tubiphytes礁和其它的生物体发育,而且它们组成了稳定碳酸盐岩台地的边缘。位于扬子地台西部地区的关林和贞丰一带与最北部的孤立台地（大贵州滩）在安尼期发育了陡倾的边礁。在拉丁期,扬子地台在关林一带进积并与盆地碎屑沉积互层穿插沉积,而位于贞丰的台地边缘出现了由断层控制的地貌特征。与此同时,扬子地  相似文献   

2.
《Sedimentology》2018,65(4):1097-1131
Wide carbonate platform environments developed on the western passive margin of the Tethys during the Late Triassic, after a major climate change (Carnian Pluvial Episode) that produced a crisis of high‐relief microbial carbonate platforms. The peritidal succession of this epicontinental platform (Dolomia Principale/Hauptdolomit, Dachstein Limestone) is widespread in the Mediterranean region. However, the start‐up stage is not fully understood. The original platform to basin depositional geometries of the system have been studied in the north‐eastern Southern Alps, close to the Italian/Slovenian boundary where they are exceptionally preserved. Sedimentological features have been investigated in detail by measuring several stratigraphic sections cropping out along an ideal depositional profile. The analysis of the facies architecture allowed reconstruction of the palaeoenvironments of the Dolomia Principale platform during its start‐up and early growth stages in the late Carnian. The carbonate platform was characterized by an outer platform area, connected northward to steep slopes facing a relatively deep basin. Southward, the outer platform was connected to inner sheltered environments by a narrow, often emerged shelf crest. Behind this zone, carbonate sedimentation occurred in shallow lagoons and tidal flats, passing inward to a siliciclastic mudflat. The Dolomia Principale platform was initially aggrading and able to keep pace with a concomitant sea‐level rise, and then prograding during the late Carnian. This stratigraphic interval was correlated with the Tuvalian succession of the Dolomites, allowing depiction of the depositional system on a wide scale of hundreds of kilometres. This large‐scale depositional system presents features in common with some Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonate build‐ups (for example, the Permian Capitan Reef complex, Anisian Latemar platform), both in terms of architecture and prevailing carbonate producers. A microbial‐dominated carbonate factory is found in the outer platform and upper slope. The recovery of high‐relief microbial carbonate platforms marks the end of the Carnian Pluvial Episode in the Tuvalian of Tethys.  相似文献   

3.
海西—印支期上扬子地块发育稳定型的碳酸盐岩大台地,在碳酸盐岩台地南缘台地边缘沉积体系发育,主要包括4种沉积类型:台地边缘滩,台地边缘礁、台地前缘斜坡、滩(礁)间海。据海西—印支期台缘沉积发育及分布特征,可分为4个沉积演化阶段:中泥盆世—晚泥盆世(SS1),台缘沿弥勒—师宗—晴隆—南丹—河池一线呈带状分布,台缘礁滩发育;早石炭世—早二叠世早期(SS2-SS3),台缘沿晴隆—六盘水—安顺呈带状分布,台缘生屑滩发育;早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世(SS4),沿贞丰—紫云—罗店—河池—柳州—娄底呈带状分布,台缘滩、台缘礁交互发育;早三叠世—中三叠世(SS5),沿贞丰—镇宁—贵阳—福泉一线呈带状分布,早三叠世主要发育台缘鲕粒滩,中三叠世台缘礁占优势。这4个阶段的台缘沉积特征表明:台地边缘礁滩沉积体系垂向演化受海平面变化控制,横向迁移主要受同沉积断裂控制,不同类型生物的出现和绝灭控制台缘生物礁滩的类型及特征。  相似文献   

4.
在20世纪90年代,Lehrmann等把中国南方贵州省南部罗甸地区早三叠世的一个孤立的"罗甸碳酸盐岩台地",称作"大贵州滩"。在国外,已有300多篇文章引用"大贵州滩"这一术语。笔者等曾对中国南方早及中三叠世的岩相古地理进行过研究,根据我们的地质资料,在贵州省南部的罗甸地区,在早三叠世,只有一个孤立的"罗甸碳酸盐岩台地",没有"大贵州滩",也不能把"罗甸碳酸盐岩台地"称作"大贵州滩"。《古地理学报》(英文版)2015年第4卷第1期,刊登了冯增昭等的文章,There was no"Great Bank of Guizhou"in the Early Triassic in Guizhou Province,South China(中国南方贵州省早三叠世没有"大贵州滩")。本文是该英文文章的详细摘要,目的在于让国内的广大读者也知道:"大贵州滩"这一术语是严重的名不副实,不应继续使用。  相似文献   

5.
This study documents a Liassic example of the long‐ranging effects of mass extinction on carbonate systems. Biohistoric constraints inherent in the Liassic carbonate depositional system are deciphered from normal‐marine, sub‐tidal deposits of the central High Atlas rift basin (Morocco) through ?Hettangian/Sinemurian to Early Toarcian times. The integration of results from the analysis of lithofacies, depositional geometries, microfacies, macrobenthos, carbonate build‐ups, carbon and oxygen stable isotopes, and rare earth element + yttrium distribution patterns allows the intrinsic (or biohistoric) control on the central High Atlas deposits to be separated from extrinsic factors, such as basin development and palaeoclimate. The survival interval in the aftermath of the end‐Triassic mass extinction persisted until the Early Sinemurian indicated by a severely depleted carbonate system impoverished in skeletal organisms. A tectonic pulse at the Early to Late Sinemurian boundary interval caused a basin widening with immigration of a marine fauna. However, until the latest Sinemurian (macdonelli Subzone of the raricostatum Zone) the deposits were dominated by filter‐feeding benthic heterotrophs (sponges, brachiopods, polychaetes and crinoids). During this stage, primary production within the enlarged basin must have been largely planktonic and there was a net‐flux of organic matter to the sea floor (oxygen minimum zone). A regional radiation of organic‐walled phytoplankton is inferred to explain the selective success of the filter‐feeding community and the occurrence of sponge mounds. Thus, significant effects of the end‐Triassic mass extinction are still present during the Late Sinemurian. Through almost the entire Pliensbachian a highly productive, shoal‐rimmed carbonate platform existed; it developed subsequent to tectonic reorganization and a marine recirculation event (radiolarian facies, Δδ13C ≈ ?1·1, strongly negative Ce‐anomaly). Photosymbiotic sediment producers (mainly large bivalves) now state the success of specialists and environmental equilibrium conditions. In the latest Pliensbachian the climax stage was reached with the development of a coralgal reef‐rimmed carbonate platform. The Liassic carbonate depositional system experienced a terminal, multicausal Early Toarcian drowning event during which most of the large bivalves became extinct.  相似文献   

6.
贵阳花溪地区下、中三叠统可划分为碳酸盐台地相、台缘相和盆地相三个沉积相区。在对不同相区内典型剖面详细观测、层序界面识别基础上,将下、中三叠统划分为5个Ⅰ型沉积层序和1个Ⅱ型层序。通过研究实测剖面纵向的沉积相变和横向低位岩楔的位置迁移,讨论了区内相对海平面变化。研究区在早-中三叠世经历了一次完整的二级海平面升降旋回:早三叠世与全球海平面变化基本一致,呈上升趋势;中三叠世由于构造作用,海平面总体呈下降趋势,表现出区域特殊性。  相似文献   

7.
大贵州滩二叠系—三叠系界线附近锶同位素组成特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
位于贵州南部的“大贵州滩”上,二叠系—三叠系界线附近地层为一套连续的发育完整的碳酸盐岩。二叠系顶部主要为厚层生物屑泥粒灰岩,而三叠系底部则主要为钙质微生物骨架灰岩及厚层粒泥灰岩。穿过二叠系—三叠系界线的取样累计厚度81m,二叠系和三叠系大致各占一半的厚度,共取样品91件,n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)值变化在0.707269～0.707409之间,平均为0.707327,低于现代海水的锶同位素比值的平均值（0.7090737）。锶同位素比值变化曲线表明从晚二叠世末期到早三叠世初期,同位素比值虽小幅度的起伏波动频繁,但总体上没有明显变化,三叠系底部的平均值（0.707330）略高于二叠系顶部的平均值（0.707323）。大贵州滩晚二叠世末至早三叠世初锶同位素组成的总体演化趋势与扬子台地及世界其它地方同时期的锶同位素组成的演化趋势（呈急剧的上升）不同,造成这种状况的原因可能是在全球事件控制的大背景下,由于大贵州滩特殊的环境条件,陆源物质对其影响小,导致了壳源锶对锶同位素组成的制约作用减弱,因而锶同位素组成未发生明显变化。  相似文献   

8.
There are complex and regular changes on sedimentary facies from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. After the obvious drowned event of carbonate platforms in the transitional period between Permian and Triassic, carbonate platforms have evolved into the ramp type from the rimmed-shelf type. The differentiation of sedimentary facies becomes dearer in space, which are marked by the changes from an attached platform to a turbidity basin and several isolated platforms in the basin. The striking characteristics are the development of oolitic banks on isolated platforms in Nanning and Jingxi and the reef- and bank-limestones in the margin of the attached platform in the Early Triassic. Despite the difference of the time-span and the architectnre of fades succession of third-order sedimentary sequences, the process of the third-order relative sea-level changes reflected by the sedimentary facies succession of the third-order sequences is generally synchronous. Therefore, six third-order sequences could be discerned in the strata from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin. Using two types of facies changing surfaces and two types of diachronisms in stratigraphic records as the key elements, the sedimentary facies architectures of the third-order sequences that represent sequence stratigraphic frameworks from the Early to the Middle Triassic in the Nanpanjiang basin could be constructed.  相似文献   

9.
南盘江盆地的早—中三叠世地层中 ,沉积相形成复杂而有序的空间变化和时间变化。二叠纪与三叠纪之交的大规模台地淹没事件之后 ,三叠纪碳酸盐台地从缓坡型演化为镶嵌陆架型 ;空间上 ,从连陆台地到浊积盆地相分异特别明显 ,而且在盆地中发育若干的孤立台地 ,特别是南宁和靖西一带 ,孤立台地上早三叠世的鲕粒滩以及连陆台地边缘的礁滩相灰岩更是引人注目。尽管不同相带的三级沉积层序相序组构千差万变 ,并且它们的形成时限也不尽相同 ,但是由其所表征的相对海平面变化则具有大致的同步性 ,因此在早—中三叠世地层中可以识别出 6个三级沉积层序。以地层记录中的两种相变面和两种穿时性为基本要素 ,可以建立南盘江盆地早—中三叠世的层序地层格架。  相似文献   

10.
贵阳花溪地区早-中三叠世碳酸盐角砾岩楔沉积特征   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
早-中三叠世贵阳花溪地区位于浅水碳酸盐台地向深水盆地的过渡带,各沉积体系域特征明显,特别是低水位期碳酸盐角砾岩楔发育。野外调查发现研究区共发育4期低水位碳酸盐角砾岩楔,说明该区在早-中三叠世至少经历了4次明显的海平面变化。碳酸盐角砾岩楔的位置迁移反应了台地边缘位置的迁移和海平面相对变化的大小,其中谷立角砾岩舌相对于其他角砾岩楔向台地方向延伸距离最远,代表了台地边缘位置向台地方向迁移的距离最远,张家湾角砾岩楔代表了安尼初期的海平面快速下降。通过角砾岩楔的沉积特征和各岩石地层单元的几何接触关系判断出该区碳酸盐台地前缘演化过程：缓斜坡型台缘→沉积型台缘→礁镶跌积型台缘。  相似文献   

11.
针对中- 晚三叠世扬子台地的淹没事件,分析了黔西南贞丰挽澜中- 上三叠统竹杆坡组的微相,并讨论了其沉积环境 演变。采用Flügel 标准微相的判别方法共识别出九种微相,包括：纹层状粘结灰岩、微晶藻球粒灰岩、泥晶灰岩、含生物 碎屑泥晶灰岩、棘皮泥晶灰岩、亮晶砂屑鲕粒生物碎屑灰岩、藻团块生物碎屑泥晶灰岩、含生物碎屑泥晶灰岩-P 和泥晶灰 岩-P。九种微相的有序组合和分布位置显示它们形成于快速的潮坪-台地边缘转变过程和漫长的深水陆棚及盆地环境。海 平面变化分析显示,黔西南中- 晚三叠世竹杆坡组沉积期的海平面变化不同于扬子台地主体,无论是二级旋回还是三级旋 回都响应于全球海平面变化。  相似文献   

12.
孟中玙  王建刚  李伟桐 《地质学报》2023,97(9):3024-3042
新特提斯洋是中生代位于北方欧亚大陆和南方冈瓦纳大陆之间的古大洋,它在青藏高原南部地区于新生代早期因印度-欧亚大陆碰撞而消亡,其遗迹为现今的印度河-雅鲁藏布缝合带。新特提斯洋打开以拉萨地块从冈瓦纳大陆的裂离为标志。准确约束新特提斯洋的开启时间是重建冈瓦纳大陆裂解过程和特提斯洋演化历史的关键,但目前学术界对于新特提斯洋的开启时间还存在很大争议,不同学科方法的认识从早二叠世到晚三叠世不等。本文对新特提斯洋南侧印度被动大陆边缘二叠纪—三叠纪沉积地层进行了系统的梳理,研究发现在早二叠世冰期结束之后,印度大陆北缘长期表现为稳定的沉积环境,显著的沉积环境变化仅发生在晚三叠世。晚三叠世的沉积环境变化伴随着沉积和沉降速率增加、沉积物源变化、双峰式火山活动以及古地理格局的重大改变。研究认为,晚三叠世印度大陆北缘沉积作用变化所记录的区域伸展作用很可能代表了新特提斯洋的开启。  相似文献   

13.
《Earth》2009,92(1-4):27-76
In this study we reconstruct the evolution of the northern New England passive margin whose development has been influenced by Pleistocene glaciations. The morphology of the northern New England shelf is rather unique consisting of a inner lowland, the Gulf of Maine, with an average depth of 150 m and an area of 90,700 km2 and Georges Bank, a high whose crest is less than 40 m deep and has an area of 27,000 km2. The bank's northern slope, facing the Gulf of Maine, has a maximum relief of 377 m. On the seaward side of Georges Bank is the 2000 m high continental slope deeply cut by canyons. Two channels, Northeast and Great South Channels, east and west of Georges Bank, provide passageways from the Gulf of Maine to the open sea. This morphology was acquired by a combination of Tertiary fluvial erosion, Pleistocene glacial erosion/deposition and Pleistocene/Holocene marine processes. Fluvial/glacial erosion in the Gulf of Maine was so extensive as to expose basement, thus making it possible to map the various terranes making up this foundation. These terranes include the pre-Carboniferous Avalon and Meguma units, a Carboniferous–Permian rift basin formed by the oblique continental collision during the closure of the Paleozoic proto-Atlantic and a Late Triassic–Early Jurassic rift system created during the opening of the present Atlantic. Basement in the Gulf of Maine remained above sea level from the opening of the Atlantic 190 Ma (Early Jurassic) to the Eocene 55 Ma. That the Gulf of Maine remained a high for so long may have been due to igneous activity along the northwest-trending Boston–Ottawa Lineation extending from the vicinity of the St. Lawrence River, Canada to Gulf of Maine from Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous. The northwest-trending New England Seamounts south of Georges Bank may represent a seaward extension of this lineation. On Georges Bank, rising hundreds of meters above the Gulf of Maine, the basement exposed in the gulf is mantled by sediments thousands of meters thick. Included in these sediments are Early Jurassic- to earliest Cretaceous reefs along the continental slope and carbonates north of the reefs grading landward into continental sediments, Cretaceous–Cenozoic continental/marine terrigenous sediments and Pleistocene glacial deposits. The continental slope on the seaward flank of Georges Bank has a complex history of early to mid Mesozoic carbonate accretion, mid to late Mesozoic and Cenozoic calcareous/terrigenous sediments and canyon erosion, burial and exhumation going back to Early Cretaceous.  相似文献   

14.
黔南桂西地区(东经105°-107°,北纬24°20＇-26°40＇)地跨扬子准地台和加里东褶皱带(华南褶皱带)两个一级大地构造单元。属于南盘江沉积盆地的北部或西北边缘。区内早、中三叠世碳酸盐地层出露良好、层序完整,为台地边缘和斜坡沉积。详细研究该区碳酸盐台地边缘和斜坡沉积,对了解台地边缘特征和演化、海平面变化以及边缘的构造作用等有着重要的理论意义,为确定三叠糸南盘江沉积盆地的西北或北部边缘的构造性质提供可靠的沉积学依据。  相似文献   

15.
南盘江盆地中的大贵州滩为一个自晚二叠世末期开始发育,至晚三叠世初期停止生长的孤立型碳酸盐岩台地。早期的研究工作主要集中于台地内部、北部斜坡和盆地边缘,并认为大贵州滩下三叠统地层格架的几何形态近于对称。本次研究以下三叠统岩石地层对比为基础,借助早三叠世期间δ13C波动频繁且幅度较大的特点进行化学地层对比后发现：台地南缘二...  相似文献   

16.
Two of the most important factors that control the accumulation rate of material in carbonate platform environments on geological time scales are climate and eustasy. Accurately assessing the importance of these inter‐related factors through the study of both modern and ancient carbonate facies, however, is problematic. These difficulties arise from both the complexities inherent in carbonate depositional systems and the demonstrable incompleteness of the stratigraphic record. Here, a new compilation of more than 19 000 global Phanerozoic shallow marine carbonate accumulation rates derived from nearly 300 individual stratigraphic sections is presented. These data provide the first global holistic view of changes in shallow marine carbonate production in response to climate and eustasy on geological time scales. Notably, a clear latitudinal dependence on carbonate accumulation rates is recognized in the data. Moreover, it can also be demonstrated that rates calculated across the last glacial maximum and Holocene track changes in sea‐level. In detail, the data show that globally averaged changes in carbonate accumulation rates lagged changes in sea‐level by ca 3 kyr, reflecting the commonly observed delay in the response of individual carbonate successions to sea‐level rise. Differences between the rates of carbonate accumulation and sea‐level change over the past 25 kyr ostensibly reflect changing accumulation mode, with platform drowning (give‐up mode) pervasive during peak Early Holocene sea‐level rise, followed by a switch to catch‐up mode accumulation from ca 9 ka to the present. Carbonate accumulation rates older than the Quaternary are typically calculated over time spans much greater than 100 kyr, and at these time spans, rates primarily reflect long‐term tectonically mediated accommodation space changes rather than shorter term changes in climate/eustasy. This finding, coupled with issues of stratigraphic incompleteness and data abundance, tempers the utility of this and other compilations for assessing accurately the role of climate and eustasy in mediating carbonate accumulation rates through geological time.  相似文献   

17.
This study provides a reconstruction of the Late Permian and Triassic depositional history of the Arabian shelf in the northern United Arab Emirates based on facies analysis and foraminiferal biostratigraphy. The presented data show that sedimentation occurred in three major sequences. From the Late Permian to Olenekian carbonates and evaporites were deposited in restricted lagoons and tidal flats. After a hiatus, sedimentation resumed and continued until the Late Ladinian/Carnian, leading to the deposition of a carbonate platform dominated by peritidal dolostones. A period of shelf exposure and erosion, spanning from the Carnian to Norian, was followed by the third major sequence with sedimentation into the Early Jurassic. During this third depositional sequence sedimentation changed from pure carbonate into mixed carbonate–siliciclastic deposits. This transition reflects the global regression of the sea in the Late Triassic (Triasina hantkeni Zone) and the increased erosion of large parts of the Arabian hinterland. A comparison of the evolution of the Arabian shelf in the study area with chronostratigraphic reference schemes for the Arabian Plate reveals remarkable differences in the distribution of Middle and Upper Triassic sequences. These are most likely the result of poor biostratigraphic control on previously studied formations in the region.  相似文献   

18.
黔中早二叠世茅口晚期断裂陆缘层序地层分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
黔中早二叠世晚期发育变异多姿的硅质岩－碳酸盐岩和火山岩，笔者通过大地构造学、火山岩岩石学和岩石地球化学、层序地层学的综合分析认为，与一般的被动大陆边缘不同，该区这种断裂大陆边缘的层序地层特征主要依据纵向上反映海平面变化的岩性突变来识别，而岩性突变又是构造变动的反映。据此，将该区茅口组二段划分为一个准层序组和两个准层序，每个准层序以突变最大海泛面为基础，包含了凝缩层和加积高位体系域；横向上解释为破裂碳酸盐台地型层序地层格架，即把构造作用与层序地层格架的形成以及沉积体系的分异统一起来，提出了断裂陆缘层序层分析的实例。  相似文献   

19.
W. BLENDINGER 《Sedimentology》1994,41(6):1147-1159
Middle Triassic carbonate buildups of the Dolomites were high in relief (500–1000m) and small in size (one to a few square kilometres in area). A paradox results from the carbonate platform model that invokes the platform top, including reef rims, as the carbonate factory and flanking beds as talus deposits. Most buildups consist largely of clinoforms (inclined at 10-50°) whereas massive reef rocks and stratified buildup interiors are poorly developed or absent. Facies and modal analysis of 323 thin sections from buildups of the Marmolada indicate that clinoforms are: (i) predominantly composed of in situ boundstones (56% of all samples); (ii) primarily made up of early cements (37 vol.%), microbial crusts (17 vol.%), micritic intraclasts (10 vol.%) and Tubiphytes (8 vol.%); and (iii) contain diagnostic shallow water grains (dasyclads, coated grains) that are less abundant by 1-2 orders of magnitude compared with buildup interior facies. These data suggest that the clinoforms themselves were the main carbonate factory of the Triassic buildups. Stratified buildup interior rocks and massive reef rocks were apparently not a prerequisite for buildup growth and clinoform progradation.  相似文献   

20.
Sector-collapse structures ranging up to 27 km wide with up to 7.7 km bankward erosion (scalloped margins) and linear escarpments occur along the east-north-east-trending, south-facing margins of the Yangtze Platform and Great Bank of Guizhou. Exposure of one of the structures on the rotated limb of a syncline displays the geometry in profile view. Declivities range from 65° to 90° in the upper wall and decrease asymptotically to the toe. Catastrophic collapses of the margins in both platforms occurred during the late Ladinian as constrained by the ages of strata truncated along the margins and the siliciclastic turbidites that onlap collapse structures. Middle Triassic Anisian and Ladinian platform-edge reef facies and platform-interior facies were truncated along both the Yangtze and Great Bank of Guizhou margins. Lower Triassic facies were also truncated along the Great Bank of Guizhou margin. Gravity transport during the main episodes of collapse occurred as mud-rich debris-flows and as mud-free hyper-concentrated flows. Clasts, several to tens of metres and, exceptionally, hundreds of metres across, were transported to the basin. Following collapse, talus, carbonate turbidites and periplatform-mud accumulated at the toe of slope. Shedding of skeletal grains and carbonate mud indicates active carbonate factories at the margin. Preserved sections of the margins demonstrate that the platforms evolved high-relief, accretionary escarpments prior to collapse. High-relief, without buttressing by basin-filling sediments, predisposed the margins to collapse by development of tensile strain and fracturing within the margin due to the lack of confining stress. The linear geometry of margins and active tectonics in the region supports tectonic activity triggering the collapse. Collapse is thus interpreted to have been triggered by fault movement and seismic shock. Comparison with other systems indicates that evolution from high-relief accretion to tectonic collapse of largely lithified margins resulted in large sector-collapse structures and deposition of a coarse, generally mud-poor breccia apron.  相似文献   

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