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1.
长江三角洲地区近30年非雾天能见度特征分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用地面能见度观测数据和中分辨率成像光谱仪(简称M(ODIS)所提供的气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth,AOD)资料,分析了中国长江三角洲地区近30年的能见度变化特征。结果表明,该地区1980—2009年能见度年均值为19.5±1.8km,其中最高值为21.9km,在1984年,最低值为16.1km在2007年。近30年能见度呈下降趋势,平均年递减率为-0.20±0.013km/a,近几年能见度趋于稳定。该地区能见度:夏季能见度最好,秋、春季次之,冬季最差;沿海地区能见度好于内陆地区,沿江(河)两岸能见度较差;沿江(河、海)地区能见度的下降速度大于其他地区,在浙江东南部沿海地区尤为明显。利用EOF方法分析长三角地区能见度,结果表明第一模态的特征向量均为正值,说明全区能见度均呈下降趋势。利用MO-DIS AOD数据分析区域性及长期能见度变化趋势与利用地面观测数据方法分析结论相一致。 相似文献
2.
根据大连气象站1980—2013年的能见度、天气现象、湿度、风等资料,采用趋势分析、相关分析、频率分析等方法,研究了大连市能见度的变化特征及影响因子。结果表明：近34 a来,大连市能见度呈显著（α=0.01）的下降趋势,下降速率为1.4 km/10a。一年中秋季能见度最好,夏季能见度最差; 月最大值出现在10月,最小值在7月; 一日当中14时能见度最好,08时能见度最差;小于10.0 km的低能见度事件显著增加。大连市能见度的下降可能与雾霾天气增多、水汽压增加及风速的减小有关。 相似文献
3.
基于山西68个气象观测站1960—2018年月最大冻土深度资料,应用EOF和小波分析等方法,研究山西年最大冻土深度的时空分布特征。结果表明:(1)1960—2018年山西68站平均年最大冻土深度平均值为71 cm,极端最大值为192 cm,极端最小值为7 cm。近59 a山西68站平均年最大冻土深度呈显著减小趋势,气候倾向率为-1.394 cm·(10 a)^(-1),且在1986年发生一次显著的气候突变。(2)山西68站平均年最大冻土深度存在准4 a周期。(3)山西年最大冻土深度空间分布整体上南浅北深、东浅西深。(4)山西年最大冻土深度EOF分解前2个模态的累积方差贡献率达58.4%,第1模态空间型为全省一致型,第2模态空间型为南北反向型。 相似文献
4.
《干旱气象》2016,(4)
利用1980—2013年石家庄地区12个气象台站能见度资料,结合相对湿度和PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度数据,分析了石家庄地区能见度的时空分布特征,通过研究能见度与相对湿度和PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度的关系,建立大气能见度的多元非线性预报模型。结果表明:(1)1980年以来石家庄地区年平均能见度以-1.0 km·(10 a)~(-1)的速率呈下降趋势,夏季下降趋势最明显,春季下降趋势最小;(2)1998年前后石家庄地区能见度变化较大,1999—2013年平均能见度较1980—1998年下降了15.3%,且空间变化也较明显,1998年之前分别在中北部和中南部存在2个高值中心,在市区和赵县存在2个低值中心,1998年之后则呈由东向西逐渐递减的分布形势;(3)能见度与相对湿度存在显著的指数函数关系,而与PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)浓度均呈幂函数关系。据此建立的能见度与相对湿度和PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)浓度的多元非线性拟合模型能较好地反映能见度的变化规律,并对能见度具有一定的预报能力。 相似文献
5.
利用1961-2019年延边州8个气象站的观测数据,采用线性倾向估计、突变分析等方法,研究了延边州农业气候资源的时间变化特征.结果表明:1961-2019年延边州作物生长季(5-9月)平均气温呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01),气候倾向率为0.21℃/10a;平均气温在1997年发生了突变,突变后平均气温较突变前上升了0.8℃;活动积温呈显著上升趋势(P<0.01),气候倾向率为32.5(℃·d)/10a;平均气温和活动积温均在20世纪70年代最低;日照时数呈逐年下降趋势,气候倾向率为-6.7h/10a,在20世纪60年代最高,80年代最低;降水量呈上升趋势变化,气候倾向率为0.68 mm/10a;ET0呈下降趋势变化,气候倾向率为-1.51mm/10a;20世纪90年代降水量最高,ET0最低. 相似文献
6.
7.
《高原气象》2017,(5)
利用欧洲中心再分析资料ERA-20C、ERA-Interim和ERA40对1900—2015年东亚、北非干旱半干旱区边界层高度的年代际变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:(1)1900—2015年,东亚、北非干旱半干旱区边界层高度均值分别为755 m和834 m,东亚表现为显著的上升趋势,气候倾向率为2.0 m·(10a)-1,年代际震荡周期约为20年,北非表现为下降趋势,气候倾向率为-0.6 m·(10a)-1,年代际震荡周期约为40年。1964年和1940年分别为东亚、北非的显著转折年,1964年之后东亚边界层高度有明显抬升,1940年之后北非边界层高度震荡幅度明显增大。(2)东亚干旱半干旱区上升趋势最为明显的区域位于东部,气候倾向率为10.7~12.4 m·(10a)-1,其次位于中部,气候倾向率为3.8 m·(10a)-1;上升较缓慢的区域位于北部,气候倾向率为0.4~1.8 m·(10a)-1;塔克拉玛干沙漠呈下降趋势,气候倾向率为-1.2 m·(10a)-1。同时,在年代际波动中,东亚边界层高度在20世纪60—70年代呈现出剧烈的震荡也主要与中东部边界层高度的变化相关。(3)北非干旱半干旱区中北部表现为显著下降趋势,气候倾向率为-5.1~-1.4 m·(10a)-1;南部表现为上升趋势,气候倾向率为0.8~2.5 m·(10a)-1。然而,在年代际波动中,北非边界层高度在20世纪40年代之后震荡的加剧与南部边界层高度的变化密切相关。 相似文献
8.
根据1961—2020年河南省15个气象站点逐月平均气温和降水量资料,基于Thornthwaite Memorial模型估算了1961年以来年河南省逐年气候生产潜力。采用数理统计、反距离加权插值、R/S分析等方法,分析了过去60 a河南省年平均气温、年降水量和气候生产力的时空变化特征,并定量评估了气候变化对气候生产力的影响。研究表明：(1)近60 a河南省气候总体趋于暖干。其中,年平均气温的气候倾向率为023 ℃/10 a (p<005),东北部增温明显;年降水量气候倾向率为-298 mm/10 a(p>005),南部降水减少较多。(2) 在气候暖干化背景下,近60 a河南省气候生产力气候倾向率为728 kg/(hm2×10 a)(p>005),呈不显著上升趋势,东部地区增速较快。(3) 河南省气候生产力变化主要受气温和降水的双重影响,气温和降水贡献率分别为214%和786%,降水是影响该区域气候生产力变化的主要因素。在现有温度的条件下,降水的增加有利于降低该区域内降水贡献率。空间上,河南省降水贡献率总体上呈由西北向东南递减的趋势,其中新乡降水贡献率最大,为951%。(4) 1961—2020年河南省年平均气温、年降水量和气候生产力的Hurst指数分别为100、043和058,未来气候可能趋于暖湿,气候生产力未来可能继续呈上升趋势。 相似文献
9.
利用1967—2017年近51a兴安盟8个国家级气象观测站的逐日降水资料,采用线性倾向估计、11a滑动平均和EOF分解等统计方法,对当地暴雨的气候特征、暴雨的年际和年代际变化以及暴雨的时空演变特征进行分析,结果表明:(1)兴安盟暴雨日数的中心轴线呈南北走向,正好位于西风带上大兴安岭的背风坡沿线;而暴雨雨量大值区域主要位于东部,由蒙古高原向松辽平原过渡的低海拔地区。(2)近51a来兴安盟暴雨日数呈减小的负增长趋势,并经历了偏少—显著偏多—显著偏少—偏多4个阶段。(3)暴雨日数EOF分解前两个模态可以代表兴安盟暴雨日数空间分布类型的一半以上,依次表现为全盟一致型和东—西反向型。 相似文献
10.
武汉天河机场低能见度现象的气候特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用5年滑动平均方法并用最小二乘法建立方程式,计算太阳辐射气候倾向率及日照气候倾向反映太阳辐射的45a变化趋势,用小波分析方法分析太阳总辐射的周期变化规律。结果表明,太原地区的年日照时数减少,年总辐射量呈显著减少趋势,有11a的周期变化,在1981年左右有突变。初步统计能见度低于10km次数在逐年增多。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
18.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
19.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献