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1.
土霉素在凡纳滨对虾肌肉组织中残留情况的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei为研究对象,研究土霉素在凡纳滨对虾生物体内的代谢规律。在24—30℃水温中,将土霉素添加到饲料中,以每天喂养土霉素100mg.kg-1的剂量,连续喂养10d,停药后每隔一定时间抽样检测土霉素残留量,同时作不加药喂养对比试验,测定并分析凡纳滨对虾组织中土霉素的残留量。实验结果表明,停止喂养土霉素10d后,虾肉中土霉素残留量只有66.78μg.kg-1,低于我国现行无公害食品行业标准和联合国粮农组织的安全限量要求,可供人安全食用。 相似文献
2.
复合微生物制剂在凡纳滨对虾育苗中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei Boon)的种苗培育中,试验使用复合微生物制剂——甘菌露(有益菌在水体中的含量为103～105个/mL)。试验结果如下:试验组成活率达55.7%,而药物组和对照组成活率分别为30.5%,15.5%;把刚刚孵化出的凡纳滨对虾无节幼体培育至仔虾第一期幼体,试验组所需时间为230.9h,分别比药物组和对照组提前42.0h和24.0h;整个育苗过程中,试验组育苗水体的理、化、生物环境明显优于药物组和对照组:pH值在7.8～8.2范围内波动,且始终保持在较佳水平,DO值在7.55mg/L以上,保持了较高的水平,NH3-N和COD值分别为0.16～0.25mg/L、3.95～5.81mg/L,除在育苗初期高于试验组和对照组外,育苗过程中均在正常范围内波动,异养细菌的变化范围为2.1×105～1.9×106个/mL,弧菌数较低,在100个/mL以下;且试验组培育的虾苗较药物组和对照组培育的虾苗整齐、活力好。 相似文献
3.
本文研究了凡纳滨对虾在低溶解氧条件下酚氧化酶原系统的激活机制。结果表明:低溶氧(1.5mg/L,3.0mg/L)胁迫对凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中多巴胺含量、血细胞数量、酚氧化酶原激活系统相关酶活力、血淋巴中类α2-巨球蛋白活力影响显著(P<0.05),且各指标表现出明显的时间效应性。在实验时间内,DO为3.0mg/L处理组,总血细胞、小颗粒细胞和透明细胞数量均在12h内降低而后趋于稳定,大颗粒细胞数量在24h内降低后保持稳定,DO为1.5mg/L处理组,总血细胞数量和三类血细胞数量均在24h内降低而后趋于稳定;DO为3.0mg/L和1.5mg/L处理组凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中多巴胺含量分别在24h、12h内呈峰值变化,至12h、6h时达到最大值,在24h、12h后恢复至对照组水平并趋于稳定;血细胞中酚氧化酶原活力分别在12h、6h时显著降低,且均在24h时趋于稳定;丝氨酸蛋白酶活力在6h时均显著降低,在24h时达到最低值,而后趋于稳定,蛋白酶抑制剂活力显著降低,但类α2-巨球蛋白活力48h内呈峰值变化,与对照组比较均显著升高,48h后趋于稳定。实验期内对照组DO为5.5mg/L各指标变化不显著。 相似文献
4.
为探讨Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内代谢酶的相对独立作用和相互影响,进而为提高凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力提供理论依据,本实验采取L49(78)安排7水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,L8(27)安排2水平Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度,开展60 d凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)养殖试验,通过比较对虾体内消化酶、ATP酶及免疫类酶的活性以分析Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾生长力和免疫力的影响。结果表明:水体中Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对消化酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中与对虾消化吸收联系最紧密的蛋白酶中,盐度对胃蛋白酶影响显著,盐度为10时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对类胰蛋白酶影响显著,Ca2+为200 mg/L,盐度为20时,酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ATP酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),其中对Na+-K+-ATP酶都有显著影响,Ca2+为300 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Ca2+、Mg2+对Mg2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200 mg/L,Mg2+为500 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+对Ca2+-ATP酶具有显著影响,Ca2+为200、300 mg/L时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对凡纳滨对虾体内免疫酶具有显著影响(P<0.05),Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度对ACP都有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,Mg2+为150 mg/L,盐度为30时酶活最高,Mg2+对AKP具有显著影响,在150 mg/L时酶活最高,Ca2+、盐度对SOD酶活具有显著影响,Ca2+为100 mg/L,盐度为35时酶活最高;Ca2+、Mg2+、盐度间的交互作用对体内代谢酶也有一定影响。 相似文献
5.
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是世界上最重要的对虾养殖品种之一。为比较凡纳滨对虾不同生长发育时期应答氨氮胁迫的敏感性差异,作者对其不同生长发育时期24 h半数致死浓度(LC_(50))进行测定,并分析其胁迫效应。结果表明,24 h LC_(50)值在虾的不同生长发育时期差异显著(P0.05),不同时期凡纳滨对虾的LC90与LC_(50)变化趋势相同。在溞状幼体Ⅱ期(Z2)LC_(50)值最低,为17.811 mg/L,在仔虾第V期(P5)时,LC_(50)值最高,为44.808 mg/L。根据LC_(50)和LC90的变化趋势可以看出,仔虾比幼体期的耐受性强。本试验结果不仅为凡纳滨对虾不同生长发育时期的苗种培育提供了重要的基础数据,而且为凡纳滨对虾耐氨氮品系选育提供了重要指导。 相似文献
6.
凡纳对虾优良性状遗传标记的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
凡纳对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)是全球三大养殖对虾名优种类之一。我国从1988年开始试养，到1998年大量引进凡纳对虾亲虾和幼体后，华南地区兴起了养殖热潮。在1999年到2000年短短两年时间内，广东、海南、广西凡纳对虾的养殖面积已达10×104亩(1亩=666.7m2)，集约化防病养殖产量普遍达到5~9t/hm2，年产量高达10~20t/hm2，其养殖面积约占华南地区对虾养殖面积的60%，普遍获得了比养殖斑节对虾更好的经济效益，成为我国继中国对虾、斑节对虾之后的又一养殖对虾种类。从凡纳对虾养殖业的长远发展战略来看，如何避免斑节对虾因病害而造成养殖业全面萎缩的情况在凡纳对虾养殖业中重演已成为重要研究内容。
美国夏威夷海洋硏究所等单位利用遗传标记辅助选育种技术进行凡纳对虾良种选育和家系培养取得了很大的成效，培育出世界著名的无特异病原(SPF)凡纳对虾亲虾，在全球对虾养殖产量下滑的形势下仍然保持良好的增长趋势，其关键是种虾的选择和家系的培育。 Garcia等(1994)利用遗传标记技术进行了凡纳对虾种群的遗传标记研究，发现种群之间具有较高水平的遗传变异，因而有潜力进行凡纳对虾良种的人工选育。
本研究利用RAPD标记技术，对目前养殖凡纳对虾不同群体进行DNA多态性研究，筛选与优良性状有关的遗传标记，为凡纳对虾优质种苗的鉴定、选育和今后遗传标记辅助选育种提供了科学依据。 相似文献
7.
新一代喹诺酮药物——6—F—喹啉—3—羧酸(商品名齐复康Ⅱ号)对中国对虾幼体的毒性,蚤状幼体、糠虾幼体、仔虾24hLC_(50)分别为16.3、21.3、45.8(×10~(-6));48hLC_(50)分别为8.1、12.5、30.0(×10~(-6));安全浓度(SC)分别为0.6、1.3、3.8(×10~(-6))。试验表明此药对防治对虾幼体细菌性疾病效果明显。0.5×10~(-6)。每天施药一次,连续三天,育苗池水中细菌总数由30750ind./ml减少到6850ind./ml,其中在TCBS培养基上能生长的细菌由22400ind./ml减少到1090ind./ml。 相似文献
8.
重金属离子对凡纳滨对虾组织转氨酶活力的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
开展对虾养殖环境毒理学的研究 ,探讨 3种重金属离子 (Cu2 + ,Zn2 + ,Cd2 + )在 96h内对凡纳滨对虾 (Litopenaeusvannamei) 3种组织 (肝胰脏、鳃丝、血液 )谷丙转氨酶 (GPT)、谷草转氨酶 (GOT)活力的影响。结果表明 :3种重金属离子各处理组凡纳滨对虾组织 2种转氨酶活力随取样时间变化显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,其中肝胰脏、鳃丝的GPT ,GOT活力呈明显下降趋势 ,血液的GPT ,GOT活力呈明显上升趋势 ,而对照组在实验时间内无显著变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。 3种重金属离子对凡纳滨对虾组织 2种转氨酶活力的影响程度与其浓度呈正相关 ,且变化趋势基本一致 ,其中Cu2 + 对肝胰脏、鳃丝 2种转氨酶活力的抑制率为GPT >GOT ;Zn2 + 对肝胰脏的抑制率为GPT GOT ,高浓度 (5～ 10mg/L)为GPT GOT ;而 3种重金属离子对血液中 2种转氨酶活力的激活率均为GPT 相似文献
9.
养殖水环境中的离子浓度会因气候和季节的变化发生波动,对凡纳滨对虾的摄食、存活和生长产生影响。在实验室条件下,凡纳滨对虾养殖水体Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+)保持在1∶3左右,以恒定Ca~(2+)浓度150 mg/L、Mg~(2+)浓度450 mg/L为对照组(CC0组),4 d为一个离子浓度波动周期,分别以Ca~(2+)浓度100 mg/L、Mg~(2+)浓度300 mg/L和Ca~(2+)浓度45 mg/L、Mg~(2+)浓度135 mg/L为离子浓度波动处理组(CCM1组和CCM2组),研究Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动对凡纳滨对虾稚虾生长和鳃中能量代谢物质含量的影响。结果表明:在本实验条件下,Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动对凡纳滨对虾稚虾的存活无显著影响。在CCM1组中,对虾的食物转化效率(FCE)、特定生长率(SGR)显著高于CC0组和CCM2组对虾(P0.05),蜕皮率也达到最高,但蜕皮率与其他两组差异不显著(P0.05)。在检测出的21种能量代谢物质中,丙酮酸等3种能量代谢物含量随水体Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动幅度的升高而降低,且在CC0组对虾体内含量较高;草酰乙酸等4种能量代谢物含量随水体Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动幅度的升高而降低,且在CCM1组对虾体内含量较高;NAD+等14种能量代谢物含量随水体Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动幅度的升高而升高。其中,NADP+、环腺苷酸、丙酮酸和α-酮戊二酸的含量变化达到显著水平(P0.05)。研究结果表明:周期性Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动条件下,凡纳滨对虾具有生长差异,且在能量平衡上产生积极响应。适宜范围内的Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)浓度波动,促进凡纳滨对虾的生长,这与其能量储备和平衡相关。 相似文献
10.
凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus Vannamei)高位池养殖中几个单项因子试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在高位池养殖凡纳滨对虾中,分别采用150×104尾/ha、135×104尾/ha、135×104尾/ha、120×104尾/ha、113×104尾/ha、105×104尾/ha、90×104尾/ha的放养密度。经过120d的的饲养,结果表明:在相同的养殖条件下,随着放养密度的增加,水中亚硝酸氮、氨氮的含量也相应增加;产量虽有所提高,但对虾生长缓慢。波吉卵囊藻可降低水中亚硝酸氮、氨氮的含量,增加溶解氧;养殖后期,保持1.5m的水深较为适宜。 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
12.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
13.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
14.
Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
15.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献
20.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献