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1.
利用多元观测和探测资料及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,诊断2019年8月1日河南省一次分散性对流暴雨过程。结果表明:(1)副热带高压边缘西南暖湿气流与西风槽携带的冷空气在河南上空交汇,高空急流的强大动力作用等,是本次暴雨天气的大尺度环流背景;(2)过程发生前700、850 hPa系统呈前倾结构,郑州站CAPE值达1717.8 J·kg~(-1),850 hPa与500 hPa温差大于27℃、850 hPa比湿大于14 g·kg~(-1);(3)700 hPa低涡和切变线、850 hPa切变线及地面弱冷空气是触发对流的中α尺度系统;出流边界、地面辐合线及中β尺度低压是触发对流的中β尺度系统;(4)当出流边界远离雷暴母体并移速较快时不易触发对流,但若与另一出流边界或中尺度辐合线、中尺度低压等相结合时,则易触发新的对流;(5)后向传播的新生单体在引导气流作用下不断向下游移动,易产生列车效应,利于暴雨发生;(6)基于诊断分析结果归纳出此次对流暴雨的天气概念模型。  相似文献   

2.
双多普勒雷达风场反演对一次后向传播雷暴过程的分析   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
孙敏  戴建华  袁招洪  陶岚 《气象学报》2015,73(2):247-262
利用常规观测、雷达和加密自动站资料,对2013年9月13日上海地区的一次以后向传播为主要特征、伴有强降水和大风的强对流过程进行了分析,并采用双多普勒雷达风场反演等技术,对其形成的环境条件及后向传播机制进行了研究。由于上海连续多日处在副热带高压(副高)西北侧边缘,具备了充足的水汽和较强的不稳定条件,地面辐合线在上海北部触发了初始对流,其出流与地面风场的辐合在西南侧不断触发出新的对流单体,出现了与引导气流相反、指向西南方向的雷暴传播矢量,当单体的新生传播速率大于引导流速率时,雷暴整体产生了与引导气流相反的后向移动。针对该后向传播机制的研究表明:对流单体强下沉运动形成的阵风锋在其西南方向与环境西南风辐合,并与该处原有的地面辐合线碰撞造成更强烈的上升气流,触发新的单体生成,新单体发展成熟后产生强降水和强下沉运动,加强和维持了其西南侧的阵风锋,使得阵风锋向西南方向推进并继续触发新单体生成;风场反演的垂直运动分布和演变也显示了多个对流单体从东北向西南依次表现出消散、成熟和新生阶段的特征。因此,本次过程中形成了"雷暴单体新生发展—成熟后缓慢东北向移动—产生强降水、下沉运动和大风在其西南侧触发新单体"的循环;向西南方向推进的地面阵风锋与原有的地面辐合线共同形成了雷暴西南侧局地锋生区,与新生对流区的位置一致,是该次过程后向传播的主要原因。  相似文献   

3.
李强  王秀明  张亚萍  何跃  张勇  黎中菊 《气象》2019,45(2):203-215
利用自动站观测资料、FY-2G卫星资料和多普勒雷达等资料,对发生在副热带高压影响下的重庆局地强风暴过程进行了观测和数值模拟分析,探讨了其中尺度对流系统(MCS)演变,抬升触发和维持机制。结果表明:(1)在副热带高压影响下,重庆处于高温、高湿气团中,大气层结极不稳定;(2)此次局地风暴抬升触发的关键因子是地面附近浅薄边界层中尺度辐合线,辐合线由川渝盆地中西部MCS的雷暴高压与重庆地面热低压共同作用形成;(3)中尺度辐合线触发的对流风暴形成小范围冷池出流与环境风场形成新的辐合线,加强对流风暴发展,并再次触发新的对流单体。承载层平均风为偏南风,使得对流单体向北缓慢移动,冷池出流和边界层辐合线共同作用使得风暴单体向西向北传播和长时间维持。  相似文献   

4.
华南暖区暴雨预报失误及可预报性探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
覃武  刘国忠  赖珍权  覃月凤  梁依玲 《气象》2020,46(8):1039-1052
由于暖区暴雨产生的环境条件复杂和触发机制难以捕捉,数值模式对其预报能力弱,给预报带来困难,经常导致预报失误,是短期预报中的难点。2016年4月19—20日广西出现了一场暖区暴雨天气过程,预报员及数值模式预报出现较大失误。利用业务预报中的数值预报产品、地面中尺度自动气象站观测、常规地面及高空观测、新一代天气雷达及FY-2G卫星探测等资料对此次暖区暴雨预报失误进行剖析。结果表明:中低空急流增强及西南暖低压发展,为越南北部至广西中南部提供了高温、高湿、高能的环境条件,地形性辐合及涡旋触发了对流的发生,中尺度辐合线有效组织了对流的发展,雷达回波具有质心低、降雨效率高等暖云降雨的特征。预报员和数值模式短期时效内对暖区暴雨缺乏预报能力,未能准确把握可触发对流的机制,是预报失败的原因。预报员通过分析上游地区对流云团、地面中尺度辐合线演变及地形作用等触发条件,可以在短时临近时效内对暖区暴雨部分做出定性预报,发布预警信息,弥补短期预报的不足。因此,加强对暖区暴雨形成机理的认识,在预报中做好精细分析,是提高暖区暴雨预报能力的有效途径之一。  相似文献   

5.
刁秀广 《山东气象》2018,38(4):45-57
利用CINRAD/SA雷达探测资料,结合地面实况和探空资料,对7次典型中尺度辐合线触发强对流风暴的特征进行了分析。结果表明:阵风锋、海风锋和冷锋等边界层辐合线在一定条件下雷达低层反射率因子产品上表现为清晰的窄带回波,某些辐合线在反射率因子产品上不能得到任何有用信息,但在低层径向速度上可识别出线性径向速度辐合;识别出窄带回波或清晰的径向辐合线约1 h后,是雷暴首次触发的主要时间段;对于干型强对流风暴产生的阵风锋,其右侧往往是雷暴触发的主要区域,导致风暴右向传播;湿型强对流风暴产生的阵风锋,激发雷暴的方向与雷暴平均移动方向基本相反,导致风暴呈后向传播特征;海风锋向内陆推进速度快的区域是雷暴触发的主要区域,后继雷暴具有两侧传播特征;单纯的线性低层径向速度辐合在合适的环境条件下触发强对流,主要特征是对流风暴移动缓慢,可造成局地灾害性强降雨天气。  相似文献   

6.
利用常规探空和地面观测站资料、ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料和ECMWF预报资料,对2022年6月12—13日江西中南部的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:1) 此次暴雨过程是在副热带高压和南亚高压稳定少动、西风槽携带冷空气南下的环流背景下,500 hPa高空槽、低层切变线、低空西南急流和地面静止锋共同作用造成的。2) 低层辐合、高层辐散产生深厚的垂直上升运动,为强降水的持续提供动力条件,低空暖湿西南急流输送的充足水汽,有利于江西中南部不稳定能量的积累。3) EC暴雨落区预报偏北的主要原因是天气系统位置较实况偏北,700 hPa垂直速度大值区偏北、对流性降水预报偏弱和地形影响也是暴雨漏报的重要因素。4) 584 dagpm特征线的位置变化对此次暴雨落区向南订正有较好的指示意义。在暴雨预报中,不仅要考虑锋面大尺度降水,还要考虑暖区对流性降水,关注低层强动力辐合区域,结合中尺度数值模式产品,可以有效对主雨带位置和强度进行订正。  相似文献   

7.
利用雷达、探空和自动站等观测资料以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对2018年7月26日关中地区快速发展移动的强对流天气进行研究,重点分析了出流边界在对流风暴局地生成、快速发展中的作用。结果显示:26日上午关中东部地区存在有利于对流风暴发生、发展的中尺度环境条件,包括明显的热力不稳定,低层强的偏南气流及暖平流;午后秦岭山区对流云团下山过程中和西安南部多个对流单体合并加强,形成强的冷池和雷暴高压,激发出阵风锋,阵风锋是本次强对流天气的触发机制;雷达图上新的对流单体在阵风锋前径向风风向切变最大处触发,大风天气出现在阵风锋后部强的反射率因子梯度区;阵风锋位于冷池前沿,两者的发展演变密切相关,雷暴合并补充加强了冷池强度,有利于阵风锋及强对流天气维持较长时间;边界层风向与阵风锋移动方向相反,而边界层以上的风向与之相同是阵风锋触发的对流风暴维持发展的一个因素。  相似文献   

8.
利用常规资料、地面加密资料、多普勒雷达资料和NCEP再分析资料等,对2011年7月25日发生在山东省乳山市一次超历史极值的特大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:本次特大暴雨是由高空西风槽、低层切变线与副热带高压边缘的低空急流共同影响所致;由低层前期强盛的低空偏南暖湿气流输送使半岛上空低层高温高湿,形成上干冷下暖湿的对流性不稳定层结;近地面向岸风的侧向辐合产生气旋式切变线,是本次暴雨的启动机制,大暴雨的分布与地面辐合线的走向基本一致。此外,半岛上空超低空偏南急流的加强,使中尺度切变线北抬,进而受乳山倒喇叭口地形影响,发展成了中气旋,产生了强降水超级单体风暴。而强降水超级单体风暴造成的短时强降水,是本次暴雨致灾的重要原因。  相似文献   

9.
采用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY2E卫星资料和加密自动站资料,结合中尺度WRF模式对2013年苏皖地区的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行诊断与模拟。观测资料分析表明:在有利的环流背景和热动力条件下,此次暴雨发生在梅雨锋前暖区,雨带呈现"先带状后串波状"的分布特征,并随锋面南移。前期降水由地面中尺度辐合线触发,受两个相继发展的中α尺度的线状对流系统直接影响;后期降水受地面暖式切变线触发,有多个中β尺度对流系统沿切变线串状排列,并不断东移发展。模拟结果分析表明:降水过程中,大尺度非地转强迫作用也是强对流的触发机制之一。地面辐合线产生条带状的低层辐合区,从而产生条带状连续分布的上升运动,形成线状对流系统及带状降水。此外地面辐合线能够在暴雨区形成南北两个中尺度垂直次级环流,这是降水的增强机制。暖式切变线上的局部扰动在低层局部地区产生强辐合,由此沿切变线形成强上升弱下沉间隔分布的现象,局部强上升区使得对流系统于该处得到发展,并形成分散的强降水区。  相似文献   

10.
江西一次暴雨过程的诊断分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
利用NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、地面与探空资料、卫星资料等,对2012年5月12日发生在江西省中部的一次暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果表明:本次暴雨过程发生在冷锋南侧地面倒槽区,由高层西风槽、低层低空急流及切变线、低涡共同影响所致。中低层西南气流的加强,一方面使暴雨区有充足的水汽输送,同时也使该区对流不稳定度加大,加强了暴雨区上空的对流上升运动。中尺度辐合线是强对流暴雨的触发机制,而冷锋影响使地面东风气流加强,冷空气入侵致中尺度辐合线演变为中尺度低压,中尺度低压是江西短时强降水长时间持续的机制;500hPa高空槽东移,槽前正涡度平流向江西上空输送,利于低层低涡生成和维持、上升运动加强,从而导致降水增强。冷空气影响初始阶段,〉10mm·h-1 的中尺度雨团产生在中尺度辐合线及其所演变成低压的1、2象限即中尺度辐合线或中尺度低压偏北一侧,随着冷空气的进一步入侵,中尺度雨团产生于中尺度低压的偏南一侧。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

15.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。  相似文献   

17.
正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any  相似文献   

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Index to Vol.31     
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;  相似文献   

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正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

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