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1.
报道了东天山觉罗塔格构造带中雅满苏组火山岩的地球化学特征和年代学结果,通过岩石学、同位素年代学及地球化学研究显示: (1)雅满苏组火山岩由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩以及火山碎屑岩组成,以钙碱性系列为主.火山岩地球化学特征及捕获锆石年龄指示雅满苏组火山岩形成于具有古老基底的陆源弧环境; (2)东天山觉罗塔格构造带雅满苏组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为东段348.0±1.7 Ma(MSWD=1.15)、中段335.9±2.4 Ma(MSWD=1.03)、西段334.0±2.5 Ma (MSWD=1.02),雅满苏组火山岩整体形成于早石炭世,但东段形成时间早于西段; (3)东天山雅满苏岛弧带形成时期东段早于中段和西段,东天山石炭纪时的俯冲事件可能是由东部先开始,依次到中部、西部,俯冲形式类似于"剪刀"闭合的过程. 相似文献
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藏北羌塘冈玛错地区望果山组火山岩地球化学特征及LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
羌塘中部冈玛错地区厘定出一套早石炭世火山岩,该火山岩为一套酸性—基性岩(流纹岩、英安岩、安山岩、玄武安山岩、玄武岩等)夹火山碎屑岩的岩石组合。2件定年样品(英安岩和安山岩)的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为358.2Ma±1.2Ma和350.5Ma±1.4Ma,时代为早石炭世,代表了该火山岩的形成年龄。岩石地球化学特征显示,该火山岩的铝饱和指数A/CNK值为0.62~1.08,平均值为0.81;里特曼指数δ为1.04~2.67,平均值为1.84;大离子亲石元素(LILE)Th、U、Pb明显富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta、Ti亏损,反应了偏铝质钙碱性岛弧火山岩的特征。由此说明,在早石炭世龙木错—双湖—澜沧江洋已经进入俯冲消减阶段。 相似文献
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东天山土古土布拉克组火山岩锆石U-Pb测年及地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
东天山觉罗塔格构造带土古土布拉克组火山岩的岩石类型为玄武岩至流纹岩。岩石地球化学特征表明,玄武岩为低钾拉斑系列,亏损Nb,Ta,Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba,Th,U,Sr等大离子亲石元素,具板内玄武岩特征;英安岩和流纹岩为钾玄岩系列,富集Rb,Ba,Th,U等大离子亲石元素,Nb,P,Ti亏损十分明显,具火山弧英安岩、流纹岩特征。对英安岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,获得成岩年龄为(303.7±2.3)Ma。结合已有研究成果,认为该时期觉罗塔格构造带内的俯冲挤压过程已结束,进入后碰撞构造演化阶段,土古土布拉克组火山岩应形成于后碰撞构造阶段的伸展期。 相似文献
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东天山觉罗塔格地区底坎儿组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底坎儿组火山岩是东天山石炭纪火山岩的重要组成部分,其分布范围北至吐-哈盆地南缘,南至沙泉子断裂,其地球化学特征对于探讨觉罗塔格地区的构造环境演化具有重要的意义。本文对底坎儿组火山岩的主量、微量及Sr-Nd同位素进行了研究,以探讨岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。结果表明,底坎儿组火山岩为一套钙碱性的玄武岩-安山岩-流纹英安岩组合,为石榴石-尖晶石橄榄岩地幔部分熔融的产物。玄武岩经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分异,安山岩和流纹英安岩则经历了斜长石和磁铁矿的结晶分异。火山岩相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,玄武岩的微量元素配分型式与弧玄武岩相似,而部分安山岩及流纹英安岩的微量元素配分型式与上地壳相似。底坎儿组火山岩的Nd同位素特征[εNd(t)=-0.14~5.69]及微量元素地球化学特征显示其具有中等亏损地幔源区特征,岩浆来自于俯冲流体交代的地幔,岩浆演化过程遭受了有限的地壳混染。基性火山岩微量元素配分型式及构造环境图解表明其可能形成于弧后盆地环境。 相似文献
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老爷庙-额仁山一带发育3套性质不同的火山岩，通过对其岩石组合、岩相、古火山机构特征的详细观察及岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学的研究，晚泥盆世老爷庙组火山岩为玄武岩-安山岩组合，发育盾状和层状火山，属海相环境，为板块消减带岛弧型高铝玄武岩；晚石炭世-早二叠世哈尔加乌组火山岩为陆相火山岩，岩石组合为安山岩．英安岩-流纹岩，以爆发相为主，常形成破火山及锥状火山机构，为陆-陆碰撞造山期火山岩；早二叠世中晚期卡拉岗组火山岩为一套以酸性为主的陆相火山岩，喷溢相发育，常形成穹状古火山机构，岩石组合为英安岩-流纹岩，为造山期弛张期火山岩，3套火山岩为板块不同阶段的火山岩，从老爷庙组火山岩→哈尔加乌组火山岩→拉岗组火山岩，岩石向酸性演化，地壳成熟度愈来愈高，南混合壳转化为陆壳． 相似文献
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选取塔里木东北部的笔架山二叠纪火山岩带为研究对象,通过年代学、岩石学和地球化学等研究,论证火山岩的亲缘关系以及火山岩与侵入岩的关系,探讨岩浆演化过程与源区性质。笔架山一带二叠纪火山岩分布于笔架山镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带北侧。火山岩的岩石类型主要有玄武岩、玄武质安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩。流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(285.0±2.9)Ma,属二叠纪乌拉尔世。该火山岩多属拉斑玄武岩系列。玄武岩、玄武质安山岩、安山岩的岩石学及地球化学特征表明,它们都是由拉斑玄武质岩浆通过分离结晶作用演化而成,玄武岩岩浆在上升过程中经历了一定程度的同化混染作用。玄武岩的w(TiO2)(2.35%~3.81%)、w(TFeO)(10.59%~13.87%)、w(P2O5)(0.35%~0.50%)高,属于高钛玄武岩系列,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,Nd-Sr同位素组成具有OIB亲和性,地球化学特征显示出玄武岩的岩浆源区属尖晶石稳定域。笔架山二叠纪侵入岩和火山岩的时空关系、岩石地球化学特征和岩浆演化程度的研究表明:二者是同源岩浆分异的产物,岩浆进入现存岩浆房后,大量的堆晶相形成了镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩,而演化的岩浆沿岩浆房顶部或旁侧的断层带溢出而形成基性-中性火山岩;酸性火山岩是由幔源岩浆的热量引起地壳重熔形成的。 相似文献
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利用岩石地球化学的方法，研究了羌塘地块南界班公湖-丁青断裂带中晚中生代火山岩。结果表明，研究区火山岩由拉斑系列大洋玄武岩(MORB)和钙碱性系列岛弧玄武岩(IAB)、玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩组成。拉斑系列的洋中脊玄武岩微量元素原始地幔的标准化配分型式，明显不同于N—MORB玄武岩，而具有岛弧型的MORB特征(Ta、Nb的相对亏损)，说明其成因与岛弧环境有一定联系。本区钙碱性系列的岛弧玄武岩(IAB)、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩在Hacker图解中，微量、稀土元素标准化配分型式上显示出岩浆同源性的特征。通过对研究区内分布的大洋玄武岩、岛弧玄武岩厘定，推断班公湖-丁青缝合带在晚中生代期间可能发育过一个完整的有限洋盆，这将对于进一步研究羌塘地块与其周边各地体的大陆动力学作用过程具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《新疆地质》2020,(1)
本文对觉罗塔格地区雅满苏组火山岩全岩地球化学进行了系统研究并比对前人数据,结果显示这些岩石主体富集大离子亲石元素Rb,Ba,Th和U,亏损高场强元素Nb,Ta,类似于岛弧火山岩。对比发现玄武岩可分为两类,I类玄武岩微量和稀土元素含量较低,轻重稀土元素分馏不明显,具亏损地幔特征;Ⅱ类玄武岩稀土和微量元素含量较高,具大陆玄武岩特征,显示出它们来自不同的岩浆源区;中酸性火山岩浆主要由新生陆壳部分熔融而成,安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩为同源岩浆演化不同阶段的产物,并在岩浆演化过程中经历幔源组分混染。结合区域地质背景资料,认为觉罗塔格地区晚古生代期间发生了洋壳的双向俯冲作用。 相似文献
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青海省祁连县武松塔拉一带发育奥陶纪抠门子组,以构造岩片形式与周围地层呈断层或不整合接触,在抠门子组下段发育一套岩浆喷发序列组成的中-基性火山岩建造,岩石类型以安山岩、玄武岩为主,其次为英安质、安山质及玄武质火山碎屑岩。经过野外调查和岩石化学分析表明:安山岩总体为高铝富钠的碱性火山岩系列,其微量元素和稀土元素分配型式具有岛弧玄武岩特征(VAB);玄武岩总体为次铝富钠碱性火山岩系列,其微量元素和稀土元素分配型式和混染的大洋玄武岩(MORB)特征相似。抠门子组火山岩具有2种截然不同的岩石地球化学特征,构造环境分析具有混染的大洋盆地和岛弧双重属性,这些大洋玄武岩及岛弧火山岩的出现标志着中—晚奥陶世北祁连洋壳的俯冲消减事件,该火山活动为北祁连早古生代构造演化研究提供了依据。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献