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1.
本文研究了一种基于100 nm氮化镓（GaN）高电子迁移率晶体管（HEMT）工艺设计的24~30 GHz单片集成单刀双掷（SPDT）开关.该开关采用1/4波长微带线并联HEMT开关器件的结构，通过采用两级并联HEMT实现低插入损耗同时获得更好的隔离度.测试结果显示，在24~30 GHz的5G毫米波频段内以及0/-5 V的控制电压下，该开关的插入损耗低于1.5 dB，隔离度优于28 dB，输入功率1 dB压缩点大于27 dBm.测试结果能够很好地验证仿真结果. 相似文献
2.
基于100 nm硅基氮化镓（GaN）工艺，本文设计并实现了一款工作频段为20~26 GHz且增益平坦的可变增益低噪声放大器（VGLNA）.该放大器采用三级共源级级联来实现高增益，并通过调节第二、第三级的栅极偏置实现增益控制.测试结果表明，该放大器在工作频段内实现了超过20 dB的增益可变范围和±1.5 dB的增益平坦度，在增益可变范围内功耗为126 mW至413 mW.在最大增益状态下，该放大器在整个频段内可实现大于20 dB的小信号增益且噪声系数（NF）为2.95 dB至3.5 dB，平均输出1dB压缩点（OP1dB）约为14.5 dBm.该芯片的面积为2 mm2. 相似文献
3.
设计了一种基于正交调制原理的数字频率特性测试仪,系统用稳态响应法测量电路的频率特性.单片机作为主控芯片,完成系统的总体控制及数字信号处理;使用集成的直接数字频率合成芯片输出全频率范围内的正弦波.系统对待测电路的输入信号及其输出响应采样,经数字信号处理后,获得电路的幅频特性和相频特性.设计的测试仪测某RLC网络,中心频率的相对误差小于0.2%,有载品质因数相对误差小于1.25%,最大电压增益大于-1 dB.频率特性测试仪输入输出阻抗均为50 Ω,幅频误差绝对值小于0.5 dB,相频误差绝对值小于3°,测试仪能满足微机械谐振传感器特征参数测试需求. 相似文献
4.
本文提出了一种波峰形状的低损耗微波负群时延微带电路，该电路主要由四条相同的微带传输线，两条相同的耦合微带线以及T形连接器组成.依据等效电路拓扑结构，基于微波电路理论推导出电路的S参数模型以及负群时延公式.利用ADS仿真软件对电路结构进行优化，并进行了实物的加工与测试.测试结果表明：在中心频率1.017 GHz时，电路的最大群时延为-2.46 ns，插入损耗为-2.1 dB以及反射损耗为-13 dB.实测结果与仿真结果以及理论模型结果具有很好的一致性. 相似文献
5.
针对无线通信中多通道收发机前端功分器模块设计中面临的端口隔离度不高、插入损耗偏大的问题,提出了一种改进的威尔金森功分器设计方法.该方法基于威尔金森功分器原理,利用1/4信号波长传输线本身的长度增大功率分配端口的间距来满足系统中对于端口间距的要求,从而减小附加传输线带来的插入损耗,并采用HFSS电磁场仿真工具获取信号在传输线中的波长,由此设计了一款1分2和1分4威尔金森功分器.仿真结果表明该方法能够有效地提高功分器端口隔离度,并降低插入损耗. 相似文献
6.
使用中国气象局大气探测综合试验基地35 GHz毫米波云雷达和L波段风廓线雷达2016年5月1日-7月31日在降水条件下的观测数据,根据不同观测模式下两部雷达得到的数据,计算在一定高度区间内不同下落速度的降水粒子反射率因子变化量,初步分析不同下落速度的降水粒子对毫米波衰减的影响。结果表明:在持续时间较长的层状云降水且降水粒子在雷达观测范围内均匀分布条件下,毫米波衰减与降水粒子下落速度呈近似线性关系,且毫米波经过的路径长度越长,衰减越大;毫米波在经过1110~2430 m,1110~3510 m的高度区间时,下落速度处于3.5~7.5 m·s-1之间的降水粒子对毫米波的衰减作用导致毫米波云雷达所测的等效反射率因子分别减小约1~7 dB和2~11 dB。 相似文献
7.
介绍了数字滤波器理论及其常见实
现方法的基础,提出了一种基于EPGA的高效实现方案''该方案采用对称结构,加法、乘法运算和级联技术,利EPGA
芯片Maxplus软件对该方案进行了仿
真验证。结果表明基于EPGA的实现方案速度快、实时性好%节省硬件资源,具有重要的工程应用价值。 相似文献
8.
本文提出了一种符合IEC标准的横电磁波（TEM）小室,用于集成电路的电磁兼容测试.该TEM小室可在0~3 GHz内实现反射系数小于-12 dB,传输系数优于-2.5 dB.本文采用三维电磁仿真软件（Computer Simulation Technology,CST）对TEM小室的阻抗、S参数、场均匀性以及被测物（EUT）对场的影响进行仿真设计,加工实测并与商业产品进行了对比.最后,参考了IEC标准制作了电磁兼容测试板,并以TEM小室对集成电路（IC）芯片的辐射发射进行测量,分析测量结果有助于改善集成电路电磁兼容性. 相似文献
9.
为了利用毫米波雷达的回波数据精确地反演得到云的宏微观物理特性,必须对研制的毫米波雷达进行定标.本文重点介绍了国外几种定标方法：单个系统各参数贡献的定标;大雨滴对毫米波雷达的定标;三角反射器以及金属球对毫米波雷达的定标;利用海洋表面后向散射技术的定标以及Cloudsat 作为雷达校准器的定标.这些定标方法对于国内毫米波雷达更好地应用于实际探测具有重要的研究价值. 相似文献
10.
微波集成电路在民用和军用电子中起到至关重要的作用.在微波集成电路领域,高功率的功率放大器为发射机提供足够的信号功率输送到自由空间中,是其不可缺少的关键部件.基于学术研究和商用产品线情况,综述了微波功率放大器芯片的发展情况.首先讨论了各种微波毫米波功率放大器的制造技术,按照半导体器件可以归类为砷化镓、氮化镓、互补金属氧化物半导体和锗化硅等;接着讨论了微波芯片功放的设计技术用以满足高功率、宽带和高效率的指标要求;最后总结了各类微波固态功率放大器的工艺和设计技术,为芯片设计人员提供了全面的设计参考. 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献