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油气生成运移和成藏过程会在岩石中留下烃类流体包裹体,对这些微尺度的流体化石记录进行岩石学和地球化学分析,为反演油气成因和运移成藏提供了重要信息。本文回顾了含油气盆地流体包裹体分析和解释的基本原则,结合国内外油气包裹体分析和研究进展,分析讨论了流体包裹体在油气成藏过程研究中应用的关键问题,包括:油气成藏过程是否有完整的流体包裹体记录;如何从烃类流体包裹体识别油气藏、古油气柱和运移途径;从流体包裹体分析油气成藏期次和古压力,油气包裹体成分分析等问题,并讨论了如何实现流体包裹体数据与其他不同尺度和分辨率的数据融合和相互约束,规范含油气盆地流体包裹体分析和解释技术,提高流体包裹体在分析油气运移成藏中的价值。 相似文献
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流体包裹体研究进展 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本世纪前十年(2001年-2010年),国内流体包裹体的研究和应用都有了很大的进展。本文就流体包裹体研究的几个主要方面——包裹体流体体系PVTX性质的模拟、人工合成流体包裹体、成矿流体和成矿机制研究以及油气包裹体和成藏过程研究等——进行了总结。国内包裹体流体体系PVTX性质的模拟研究已经达到国际水平,各种天然流体体系的状态方程被应用于包裹体研究中。结合国际上流行的流体包裹体合成技术,国内学者利用人工流体包裹体,已经开展了流体包裹体形成机理、包裹体中流体体系相平衡和流体包裹体分析设备标定的研究工作。成矿流体和成矿机制研究仍然是流体包裹体的主要应用领域,一些国际前沿的新技术和新方法,如金属矿物中流体包裹体的红外显微测温技术,单个流体包裹体成矿元素的LA-ICP-MS测定方法,以及流体包裹体组合(FIA)研究方法等,被国内学者在研究中采用。油气包裹体研究越来越受到石油地质学家的重视,其在油气成藏机理尤其是油气充注以及成分演化史研究中发挥着日益重要的作用。除了上述主要研究领域,利用熔体包裹体研究地幔流体,通过超高压变质岩中流体包裹体研究变质流体,应用表生环境下蒸发岩(石盐)中的流体包裹体研究古气候,这些方面也都取得了很好的研究成果。本世纪的前十年,国内流体包裹体研究与国际研究紧密结合,中国学者创立的ACROFI系列会议目前也已经成为国际流体包裹体界的重要系列会议之一。 相似文献
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含油气沉积盆地流体包裹体及应用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
近年来,（有机）流体包裹体在含油气沉积盆地分析研究中的作用日愈重要。首先论述了流体包裹体应用于盆地分析的理论基础,然后简介了流体包裹体的研究方法。最后讨论了流体包裹体在油气生成、运移及勘探、评价方面的应用。 相似文献
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流体包裹体在油气地质地球化学中的应用 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
流体包裹体研究是油气形成和成藏定量化研究的重要手段。本文总结了油气藏中流体包裹体的地质地球化学意义及其在石油、天然气研究中的应用,探讨了烃源岩和储层流体包裹体在确定源岩演化、沉积环境、有机母质类型、成熟度、油气运移充填期次等方面的应用,指出目前流体包裹体油气地球化学研究应关注的几个前沿方向：①在流体包裹体分析实验技术中,单个包裹体分析技术在油气地质定量化研究中具有重要的作用;②通过有机包裹体自然剖面与模拟实验对比研究烃类流体运移分馏,为建立油气成藏过程地球化学示踪指标提供基础参数;③通过储层中不同期次有机包裹体的化学组成、同位素组成、生物标志化合物与圈闭中已经聚集成藏的油气地球化学特征的对比研究,确定圈闭中油气的成因、来源和充填过程;④有机包裹体成烃作用研究为碳酸盐岩生烃和深层油气成因理论提供依据;这些方向的研究成果为深化油气理论、提高勘探水平具有重要意义。 相似文献
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《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
<正>流体包裹体在油气成藏年代学研究中得到了广泛应用,各类分析技术和研究方法的快速发展促使流体包裹体在油气成藏研究领域发挥了重要作用,关于油气储层流体包裹体的研究已经取得一些共识,包括:1)自生矿物生成顺序是确定包裹体期次的基本依据;2)油水共生的流体包裹体可以记录油气成藏期次;3)一定要采用流体包裹体组合(FIA)来限定成因和世代关系;4)沉积成岩成藏体系中的流体包裹体容易发生再平衡;5)热力学PVT模拟方法是获取流体包裹体捕获温度和压力的可靠方法。但是,因为油水 相似文献
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页岩气的成气过程一直以来难以获得直接的地质证据,而厘清页岩何时生油何时生气以及这些过程对应的温度、成熟度指标对未来的南方页岩气勘探意义重大。脉体中的流体包裹体可以记录地质历史时期流体活动的特征,为恢复流体演化历史提供依据。本次研究选取了重庆秀山剖面下寒武统牛蹄塘组的页岩样品,采用流体包裹体系统分析的技术方法对页岩脉体中捕获的各类包裹体进行研究,共检测到3种类型的烃类包裹体,分别为沥青+气包裹体、沥青包裹体和烃气包裹体。这3种类型的烃类包裹体指示了页岩生气过程中的不同演化阶段。研究结果表明,重庆秀山剖面下寒武统牛蹄塘组页岩气演化可以划分为初次生油阶段、原油裂解为湿气阶段、湿气二次裂解为干气阶段和页岩气散失阶段4个阶段。与酸性流体活动伴随的异常高温对页岩油向页岩气的快速转化起到了关键作用,对牛蹄塘组进一步的页岩气勘探应寻找曾经有过异常高温热流体活动并且在后期构造变形较弱的地区。 相似文献
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本文对英国北威尔士多尔盖莱金矿带石英脉中的流体包裹体进行了研究,结果表明,流体包裹体中的挥发组分可用来区分含金流体和不含金流体,从而可作为黑色页岩中石英脉型金矿床的勘查标志。 相似文献
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黄河口凹陷流体包裹体成藏年代和充注期次研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
流体包裹体技术已被证实在含油气盆地的成藏年代和运移期次的研究中是一个有效的手段。关于包裹体在成藏期次方面的研究已有许多,但系统介绍包裹体技术在油气勘探中的应用研究则少见。为推动该方法在油气勘探中的应用,本文从样品制备、分析仪器、流体包裹体镜下特征、均一温度等方面系统介绍了利用流体包裹体确定油气成藏年代与充注期次的方法,以及该方法在黄河口凹陷油气勘查中的应用研究成果:确定了该凹陷普遍发育较低成熟液态烃包裹体、成熟气液态烃包裹体、较高成熟气液态烃包裹体和气烃包裹体3类包裹体,确定了黄河口地区沙河街组油气充注至少有3期:第1期、第2期油气于明化镇组沉积时期开始注入储层(10~5Ma),第3期较高成熟油及伴生气于第四纪开始注入储层(小于3Ma);利用包裹体均一温度还确定了位于黄河口凹陷与渤中凹陷交界的BZ25构造第1期油气来源于渤中凹陷。 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献