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1.
一次强沙尘暴过程中干空气侵入的数值模拟和诊断分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用非静力MM5模式对2004年3月26-28日主要发生在内蒙古中部偏北地区的强沙尘暴天气进行了数值模拟，并利用模式输出结果对这次过程进行了干空气侵入的诊断和分析。模拟和诊断分析结果表明，此次强沙尘暴过程中有明显的干空气侵入，这种干空气侵入将对流层高层高位涡带入低层，促进了对流层低层气旋及对流运动的发展，继而引起强沙尘暴的发生。 相似文献
2.
利用NCEP再分析资料(水平分辨率1°×1°)和同时间的探空、地面资料对2006年4月11—13日发生在河南省的沙尘天气进行了中尺度数值模拟,并应用干空气侵入的理论对这次过程进行了诊断和分析。结果表明,此次沙尘天气过程中存在明显的干空气侵入,且干空气侵入对沙尘天气产生重要作用:高位涡、低湿空气沿等相当位温线密集带向南下滑,在对流层中低层引起位涡和温度扰动,造成强冷平流南下,使低槽东移加深、冷锋南压,触发不稳定大气,同时配合低层辐合、高层辐散叠置的流场,引发了河南省沙尘天气的发生、发展。 相似文献
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4.
干空气侵入对河南省2006年1月18-19日暴雪形成的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NCEP再分析资料和常规气象观测资料,分析了2006年1月18-19日发生在河南省的一次暴雪过程,结果表明,这次暴雪过程中存在干侵入现象.干侵入的发生发展对暴雪过程具有重要作用:干侵入沿相当位温密集带向下向北传播,引起对流层低层气旋性涡度发展,增强辐合上升运动,导致降水的增强;高层干冷空气向下注入,引起温度场扰动,在对流层中低层形成逆温层,有利于暴雪天气的发生;高空急流入口区北侧的下沉运动为对流层高层干空气和高位涡的下传提供了动力条件. 相似文献
5.
一次梅雨锋暴雨的数值模拟及位涡诊断 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
在对2005年7月11—12日发生在长江中下游地区的一次暴雨过程进行天气分析的基础上,利用MM5数值模式对这次暴雨过程进行模拟,模拟结果及客观分析对比表明,MM5基本上成功地再现了这次暴雨过程。对模式输出的高分辨率结果进行诊断分析,发现梅雨锋暴雨期间,暴雨区上空对流层中低层有平行于雨带的位涡（PζV）、湿位涡垂直分量（MζPV1）的正值区以及湿位涡水平分量（ζMPV2）的负值区,而分布在高层相当位温（eθ）线密集带上PζV、ζMPV1正值中心以及ζMPV2负值中心沿该密集带传向低空。干空气侵入在这次暴雨过程中有重要作用,对流层高层西风分量下传将高纬高层高位涡干空气带到低纬暴雨区低层,促使对流层低层对流发展,从而产生强降水。 相似文献
6.
2008年“7.02”滇中大暴雨的成因诊断与数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规观测、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料、云图、多普勒雷达回波和WRF模式对2008年7月2日滇中大暴雨进行成因诊断和数值模拟。结果表明:对流层高层的干侵入和中低层冷、暖平流交汇诱发副热带高压和滇缅高压间辐合低涡迅猛发展成强中尺度对流辐合体,加上中低层来自孟加拉湾的丰富水汽输送和中低层强水汽辐合共同引发此次大暴雨。过程中,垂直螺旋度贡献主要在中层;干位涡呈现出对流层顶强正高位涡,300 hPa以下为次正高位涡,两者之间为负区的柱状分布特征,次正高位涡强中心有向下层延伸特征。WRF较好地模拟了整个大暴雨过程中强降水主体时段和大暴雨落区特点,最大对流有效位能变化趋势对强降水有较好预示作用,模拟方案在积分30小时内效果较好。 相似文献
7.
利用NCEP/NCAR1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2C卫星资料及常规气象观测资料,对一次典型东北冷涡暴雨过程中干侵入特征及其对东北冷涡暴雨发生发展的作用机制进行分析。结果表明,干侵入在卫星水汽图像上明显,为暗区,该暗区与大气动力场有较好的配置,与350hPa位涡高值区分布一致;干侵入区是高位涡和低湿的重叠区,干侵入前沿为降水落区,表明了干侵入与强降水落区存在密切联系;对流层高层低湿、高位涡的冷空气下传有利于冷涡暴雨的发生发展,暴雨强度随着干侵入强度增强而增大。同时冷平流效应非常重要,其对干侵入强度指数的变化起到主要作用。 相似文献
8.
本文对2004年3月26日～28日发生在青海西北部、甘肃西部、内蒙古中西部等地的一次强沙尘暴天气过程从天气事实、天气学成因等方面进行了分析和诊断,指出这次沙尘暴过程发生在大气环流调整过程中,前期持续增温为沙尘暴的发生提供了有利的热力条件,斜压槽及强锋区、蒙古气旋和冷锋是触发这次沙尘暴天气过程的重要天气系统;高空急流的动量下传促进了蒙古气旋的发展;涡度对沙尘暴的落区有很好的指示性;在沙尘暴发生区域,对流层低层和近地面层为不稳定层结,从而引起了强烈的垂直上升运动,导致低层强烈辐合,在近地层形成大风和沙尘暴。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料,着重对2012年7月13—14日发生在安徽中南部的一次梅雨锋暴雨过程中干侵入的特征及作用机制进行了诊断分析。结果表明,此次强降水是在高空低槽和低空冷式切变线共同作用下产生的。暴雨过程中,从对流层高层到低层有明显的干侵入。在整个对流层上均存在干侵入,但是对流层中高层较强,低层较弱,干侵入主要来自对流层中高层。高低空急流耦合产生次级环流,其正环流圈下沉支为干冷空气侵入提供了动力条件。低湿、高位涡的干冷空气具有沿假相当位温密集带（即锋面）下传的特征。 相似文献
10.
干侵入在黄河气旋爆发性发展中的作用 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
利用数字化的6.7,um卫星水汽图像资料、NCEP/NCAR逐6小时1°×1°再分析等资料和干侵入、位涡理论,对2007年3月3—5日引发渤海强风暴潮的黄河气旋发展过程进行了天气动力学分析,揭示干侵人在爆发性黄河气旋中的特征和作用。结果表明：本次渤海强风暴潮是发生在泰米尔半岛附近不稳定小槽东移发展,东亚大槽重建的过程中,是对流层高层干侵入下沉引起黄河气旋爆发性发展产生强东北大风所致。干侵入具有高位势涡度特征,高位涡区和水汽图像上的暗区形态及强度变化特征对气旋生命史不同阶段有预报指示意义。干冷和暖湿气流沿着等熵面Ω型皱折带南北流动,使得等熵面陡峭程度加大,大气的斜压性增强;尽管高层干侵入在下沉过程中会产生增温效应,但在下沉运动和强冷平流效应的共同作用下,地面气旋的上空出现水平方向温度比临近地区低的现象,大气静力稳定度减小,绝对涡度（ζ_p＋f）增大,促使中低层气旋性涡度发展,垂直上升运动迅速加强,导致地面气旋强烈发展。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献