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1.
-Among four species of Littorinid, Littorina scabra, L. brevicula, Nodiliitorina millegrana and N. pyramidalis pyramidalis, on the hard intertidal zone in the Jiulong Estuary, Fujian, L. scabra has the most extensive distribution both vertically and horizontally, and the highest anual average density. The uppermost limit of vertical distribution of N. pyramidalis pyramidalis is higher than the other three Littorinid. Desiccation is a main factor affecting the uppermost limit of vertical distribution of the Littorinid. The increasing wave action will raise the uppermost limit vertical distribution of Littorinid. With seasonal changes, the densities of the Littorinid also change in different tidal zonations. Difference in salinity is the main factor affecting the horizontal distribution of the Littorinid in the estuary. 相似文献
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舟山岩相潮间带动物群落结构的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文应用数理统计方法研究了舟山海区岩岸潮间带中26个测站的春季动物群落结构。根据26个站的位置分为近岸区、近外海区和外海区3个区域。各站均以软体动物和甲壳动物为群落主要组成成分,群落种类组成数从近岸到外海呈增长趋势,且优势种亦从低盐种类向高盐种类演替。近岸区群落主要优势种为短滨螺Littorina brevicula、粗糙滨螺L.scabra、僧帽牡蛎Ostrea cucullata、白脊藤壶Balanus albicostatus等;近外海区为短滨螺、粒结节滨螺Nodilittorinaexigua、僧帽牡蛎、鳞笠藤壶Tetraclita squamosa squamosa、白脊藤壶等;外海区为粒结节滨螺,疣荔枝螺Purpura clavigera、条纹隔贻贝Septifer virgatus、日本笠藤壶T.japonica及藻类等。但群落个体密度和生物量从近岸到外海呈减少趋势。从近岸到外海,群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H和Pielou均匀度J均增加,而McNaughton优势度D减少。群落结构从近岸到外海渐趋复杂。但整体上,舟山海区岩岸春季动物群落结构是比较简单的(绝大多数断面H值小于2.50,J值小于0.5。而D值大于0.6)。近外海区的群落结构比较相似于外海区的群落。根据平均聚类分析,这26个群落可以分为三个生态类型,即隐蔽性岩岸群落,半隐蔽性岩岸群落及开敞性岩岸群落。 相似文献
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厦门港岩石岸潮间带软体动物的生态 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文根据１９８２年２月至１９８３年２月在厦门港岩石岩潮间带采集的软体动物，论述了其种类组成，数量分布，生活型及影响软件动物分布的主要环境因子，厦门港岩石岸潮间带共发现软动物５４种。其中，多板类６种，腹足类３３种，双壳类１５种，优势种有僧帽牡蛎，黑荞麦蛤，复瓦小蛇螺，粗糙滨螺等。与６０年代初调查结果比较得出，厦门港岩石岸潮间带的软体动物群落是相对稳定的，潮汐是决定河口结果比较得出，厦门港岩石岩潮间带 相似文献
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基于几何形态测量学的四种滨螺形态差异与系统发生关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用几何形态测量学方法研究浙江省大陈岛海域常见的4种滨螺间的形态关系。对4种滨螺的壳口、螺体分别进行数字化标点,经叠印分析、主成分分析(PCA)和薄片样条法分析,获得4种滨螺在壳口和螺体上的差异,并进一步分析其形态特征与潮间带环境适应性关系。PCA结果表明四种滨螺壳口间差异在主成分轴上无法有效分开,而螺体间差异在主成分轴上能有效分开,说明壳口特征在不同滨螺间不具有规律性差异。螺体的PCA中PC1轴可以将短滨螺与其他3种滨螺区分,薄片样条法分析显示差异的部位主要在体螺层的宽度和螺体的高度间,PC2轴可以将粒结节滨螺与其他3种滨螺分开,薄片样条法分析显示差异部位主要是体螺层之上第一层以及体螺层之间。基于螺体特征的4种滨螺亲缘关系分析表明粗糙滨螺与塔结节滨螺亲缘关系最近,其次为短滨螺,粒结节滨螺最不相近。运用特征追踪法对螺层和螺肋特征追踪,结果表明螺层6层,螺肋密生是滨螺的祖先特征,后来演化出7层和8层的螺层特征以及颗粒状突起的螺肋特征。 相似文献
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在对历年来在中国近海采集的滨螺科(Littorinidae)贝类标本进行系统整理和研究的过程中,鉴定出隶属于豆滨螺属Peasiella的2个物种:波部豆滨螺Peasiella habei D. ReidMak, 1998和罗豆滨螺Peasiella roepstorffiana Nevill, 1885。标本采自中国山东省及海南省沿海区域,栖息于潮间带及浅海的礁石上。本文对2个物种的贝壳形态、齿舌特征及地理分布等方面进行了详细描述,并对其分类地位以及主要鉴别特征进行了讨论,提出齿舌数量及排列方式即齿式为该属物种区分的重要依据。同时,将张氏马蹄螺Trochus zhangi Dong,2002归于罗豆滨螺Peasiella roepstorffiana Nevill,1885的次异名。 相似文献
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山东长岛潮间带大型底栖动物生态特征研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
2015年11月(秋季)、2016年2月(冬季)、2016年6月(春季)、2016年9月(夏季)大潮期间对山东长岛列岛中南长山岛和北长山岛的3个不同底质类型的潮间带采样点进行了系统的大型底栖动物调查,研究了其数量特征和季节变化,包括群落种类组成、密度和生物量、优势种、物种多样性等,结果表明:本次调查共鉴定出大型底栖动物隶属7个门,共81种。其中环节动物门多毛类动物25种,软体动物门25种,节肢动物门22种,棘皮动物门6种,其他类群共3种(包括纽虫、腔肠动物和鱼类各1种)。潮间带大型底栖动物平均密度为118.97 ind./m~2,软体动物和甲壳动物占据了研究区域底栖群落的密度主要成分,两者分别占比为39.58%和36.68%。各采样点平均密度为北长山岛(BCS)(141.17 ind./m~2)避险角(NCS1)(122.33ind./m~2)明珠广场东(NCS2)(93.42ind./m~2);各采样点平均生物量为128.03g/m~2,软体动物和甲壳动物占据了研究区域底栖群落的生物量主要成分,两者分别占比为58.56%和35.32%。平均生物量北长山岛(BCS)(234.95g/m~2)避险角(NCS1)(99.99g/m~2)明珠广场东(NCS2)(49.13g/m~2)。从季节来看,各站点的物种数、平均密度和生物量季节变化的规律性不明显,总体为秋、春季较多,夏、冬季较少。3个站点物种多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J′)平均值分别为2.30、1.99和0.79,各潮区中,均为中潮带低潮带高潮带,各季节变化不明显。优势种受底质类型和季节变化的影响明显,没有在各站点和季节均为优势种的种类,主要的优势种有平背蜞(Gaetice depressus)、绒螯近方蟹(Hemigrapsus penicillatus)、短滨螺(Littorina brevicula)等。与以往历史资料相比,长岛潮间带生物出现了一定变化,种类和数量减少,与烟台近岸潮间带大型底栖动物种类组成差别很大。 相似文献
8.
Rocky shores in the North Atlantic are known for their zonation patterns of both algae and animals, which can be expected to greatly affect food availability to consumers at different height levels on the shore. We tested the hypothesis that consumers would feed on the most abundant suitable food source in their surroundings. In total 36 species/taxa of common primary producers and consumers were sampled for stable isotope analyses from a sheltered fucoid shore at Hvassahraun in south-western Iceland. A selection of these species was also collected seasonally and from different height levels. Feeding experiments, field observations and gut analyses were also conducted. Our results were in good overall agreement with pre-existing knowledge of trophic relationships in the rocky intertidal. Consumers often appeared to be assimilating carbon and nitrogen from the most common diet in their immediate surroundings. The predator Nucella lapillus was thus feeding on different prey at different height levels in accordance with different densities of prey species. When tested in the laboratory, individuals taken from low on the shore would ignore the gastropod Littorina obtusata, uncommon at that height level, even when starved, while individuals from mid-shore readily ate the gastropod. This indicated that some kind of learned behaviour was involved. There were, however, important exceptions, most noteworthy the relatively small contribution to herbivores, both slow moving (the gastropod L. obtusata) and fast moving (the isopod Idotea granulosa and the amphipod Gammarus obtusatus) of the dominant alga at this site, Ascophyllum nodosum. The recent colonizer Fucus serratus seemed to be favoured. Selective feeding was indicated both by isotope signatures as well as by results of feeding experiments. Seasonal migrations of both slow and fast moving species could partly explain patterns observed. 相似文献
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A 9-year study of planktonic foraminifer fluxes was conducted in the Bering Sea (Station AB) and in the central subarctic Pacific (Station SA). Results clearly reflected variations of the water mass characteristics in the upper layers. The 9-year means of total foraminifer fluxes were the same (1400 shells m−2 d−1) at both stations. However, total foraminifer flux at Station AB tended to show its primary maximum during fall (October–December) and its secondary maximum in spring (April–June), whereas the primary maximum appeared in spring and the secondary maximum in fall at Station SA. Seasonal variation was more apparent at hemipelagic Station AB than at pelagic Station SA. Planktonic foraminifers found at both stations were of six species: Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Globigerina umbilicata, Globigerinita glutinata, Globigerina quinqueloba, Globorotalia wilesi, and Orbulina universa. The foraminifer assemblages at the two stations reflected the temperature difference in the surface waters. The variable %G. umbilicata tended to be high in the warm surface waters during the summers. The temporal and geographical variation of %G. quinqueloba indicated that this taxon prefers regions with relatively low diatom fluxes. A notable appearance of O. universa occurred in 1997 at Station SA. During this period, other measured biogenic particle fluxes, such as those of diatoms, were low. This unusual 1997 event may be a reflection of global climatic change that happened to be observed in the central subarctic Pacific Ocean. 相似文献
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基于2015年4月(春季)和6月(夏季)象山港主要岛屿潮间带大型底栖生物的生态调查数据,采用优势度、生物多样性指数、次级生产力、聚类、多维尺度排序及丰度/生物量比较曲线等方法,分析了主要岛屿潮间带大型底栖生物的群落特征和季节变化。结果表明:(1)春、夏季共鉴定出大型底栖生物52种,其中底栖动物与底栖藻类各有45和7种,春、夏季共有物种数为34种,短滨螺、中间拟滨螺、齿纹蜒螺、青蚶等11种为春、夏季共有优势种;(2)夏季平均丰度(2074.85g/m~2)高于春季(1505.01g/m~2),春季平均生物量和次级生产力(2373.75ind./m~2,16.31g/(m~2·a))高于夏季(2210.17ind./m~2,12.17g/(m~2·a));(3)春季Shannon-Weiner多样性指数和Pielou’sevenness均匀度指数(2.742,1.679)高于夏季(2.580, 1.623),夏季Margalef丰富度指数(0.716)高于春季(0.667);(4)熊本牡蛎、黑荞麦蛤、日本菊花螺等是引起春、夏季港口区(外干门岛、野龙山岛、大列山岛和小列山岛)和港中区(缸山岛、双德山岛、悬山岛、白石山岛和中央山岛)岛屿潮间带底栖生物群落结构差异的主要贡献种;春、夏季大型底栖生物群落结构受到人类活动和自然环境变化所引起的中度扰动,且港口区岛屿所受的扰动程度高于港中区。本研究可为象山港潮间带生物资源的保护和可持续利用以及港中区白石山人工渔礁区海洋牧场建设提供重要参考依据。 相似文献
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In the northern Wadden Sea, the extent of intertidal seagrass beds, their plant biomass and shoot density highly depends on local current regimes. This study deals with the role of intertidal Zostera noltii beds as nursery for mobile epibenthic macrofauna and the impact of seagrass bed characteristics on their abundance and distribution patterns. According to their exposure to the main tidal gullies, sampling sites were separated into exposed, semi-exposed and sheltered. Dominant species of crustaceans and demersal fish were studied in respect of their abundances within seagrass beds and adjacent unvegetated areas. Quantitative sampling was performed at day and night high tide using a portable drop trap. In general, species composition varied little between seagrass beds and bare sand. However, the presence of vegetation had a quantitative effect increasing individual numbers of common epifaunal species. Abundances of 0-group shore crabs (Carcinus maenas), common gobies (Pomatoschistus microps) and brown shrimps (Crangon crangon) were highest within sheltered seagrass beds. With decreasing plant density habitat preference of epibenthos changed on species level. By regulating the habitat complexity the currents regime is profoundly influencing the nursery function of intertidal seagrass beds in the Wadden Sea. 相似文献
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Jae-Hoon Cha Kwang-Bae Kim Ji-Na Song In-Soo Kim Jeong-Bin Seo Chul-Hwi Kwoun 《Ocean Science Journal》2013,48(4):319-328
This study was carried out to learn about differences in the sessile macrobenthic fauna communities between the artificial and natural habitats. There were some differences in terms of species composition and dominant species and community structure between two habitat types. The dominant species include Pollicipes mitella and Granuilittorina exigua in natural rocky intertidal zones; Monodonta labio confusa, Ligia exotica, Tetraclita japonica in the artificial rocky intertidal zones. Among all the species, L. exotica and T. japonica occurred only in the artificial rocky intertidal zone. The results of cluster analysis and nMDS analysis showed a distinct difference in community structure between artificial and natural rocky intertidal zones. The fauna in the natural rocky intertidal zones were similar to each other and the fauna in the artificial rocky intertidal zones were divided depending on the slope of the substratum. In the case of a sloping tetrapod, M. labio confusa and P. mitella were dominant, but at the vertical artificial seawall, Cellana nigrolineata, L. exotica T. japonica were dominant. The analysis of the species presented in natural and artificial rocky intertidal areas showed the exclusive presence of 10 species on natural rocks and 12 species on artificial rocks. The species in the natural rocky intertidal area included mobile gastropods and cnidarians (i.e. rock anemones), and the species in the artificial rocky intertidal area mostly included non-mobile attached animals. The artificial novel structure seems to contribute to increasing the heterogeneity of habitats for marine invertebrate species and an increase the species diversity in rocky coastal areas. 相似文献
13.
夏季南海北部微型浮游动物群落 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
根据2014年8月至9月于珠江口至南海中部断面(18°00'~22°00'N,114°00'~116°00'E)的南海北部海域进行采样调查,并进行了微型浮游动物群落分析。共发现微型浮游动物142种,隶属于2门44属,其中砂壳纤毛虫28属78种,占所有发现物种数的54.93%;寡毛类纤毛虫14属59种,占所有发现物种数的41.55%。优势类群为:拟卡金斯急游虫(Strombidium paracalkinsi)、具沟急游虫(Strombidium sulcatum)、维尔伯特急游虫(Strombidium wilberti)和无节幼体(nauplii)。调查区微型浮游动物的丰度介于11.43~959.35 ind/L之间,平均值为264.99 ind/L。微型浮游动物垂直分布总体特点是密集区位于50 m水层,50 m水层之下丰度逐渐减少。表层微型浮游动物丰度高值区位于J5-I1站位之间。断面的香农-威纳指数范围在0.92~4.18之间,平均值为2.77;均匀度指数在0.63~1之间,平均值为0.87。应用典范对应分析(CCA)发现温度和盐度是影响微型浮游动物群落的重要因素。通过对连续追踪站位的调查发现,上层水体微型浮游动物群落丰度随着时间而发生一定的变化,下层水体相对较平缓。微型浮游动物昼夜的垂直丰度变化与叶绿素浓度昼夜变化大致相符。 相似文献
14.
人为干扰对岩礁潮间带无脊椎动物群落结构的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对烟台海域 6个岩礁潮间带生态学统的无脊椎动物群落的研究发现 ,东方小藤壶( Chthamallus challengeri )为第一优势种。其主要优势种——密鳞牡蛎 ( Ostrea denselamellosa )、短滨螺 ( Littorina brevicula)、紫贻贝 ( Mytilus edulis)和常见种——笠贝 ( Patelloida spp.)、红条毛腹石鳖( Acanthochiton rubrolineatus)、沙参 ( Nereisspp.)、海葵 ( Anthopleura midori )在群落中的优势地位和功能有明显的区别 ,尽管 6个岩礁潮间带群落的区系成分相近。对基于 RIV、RB和 RD的优势度曲线研究发现 ,基于 RIV和 RB的优势度曲线更适合于表示和描述受人为干扰和污染的潮间带无脊椎动物群落的结构和多样性变化。研究发现 ,6个潮间带的无脊椎动物群落皆受到不同程度的干扰 ,而养马岛和芝罘岛所受的干扰最轻。 6个岩礁潮间带的群落多样性序列依次为 :芝罘岛、养马岛、石沟屯、烟台山、玉岱山、月老湾。不同岩礁潮间带群落的种类组成和结构差异主要由来自采集和旅游者的干扰 ,养殖和生活污水造成的海水富营养化所致 相似文献
15.
Ruth Zühlke 《Journal of Sea Research》2001,46(3-4)
On intertidal sandflats spatial patterns of benthic communities are influenced by biogenic habitat structures such as mussel beds or seagrass meadows. These structures represent ecological islands hosting a different and often more diverse and abundant community than surrounding sandflats. However, few studies have been carried out on tube aggregations of the polychaete Lanice conchilega, although its tube tops are conspicuous habitat features on European intertidal coasts with densities reaching several thousand per m2.The aim of this study was to determine differences between benthic communities associated with tube aggregations and tube-free areas, and to investigate the longevity of community patterns around L. conchilega tubes. From 1995 to 2000, the L. conchilega population of an intertidal sandflat off the Eastern Friesian coast was sampled annually. Multivariate analysis showed significant differences between the L. conchilega and reference communities. Species diversity and abundance were higher among tube aggregations. This pattern developed rapidly after L. conchilega colonisation but was also readily destroyed, mainly due to dynamic changes of the L. conchilega population.Five species of benthic macrofauna were exclusively found among L. conchilega tubes, and four species were more abundant in tube aggregations than in reference areas. Only one species, the polychaete Aphelochaeta marioni, was found in lower numbers in dense L. conchilega aggregations.Hence, it is concluded that L. conchilega is a habitat engineer, which alters the composition of the benthic community and contributes to its patchy distribution pattern. However, this pattern is dynamic and ephemeral. Effects of tube aggregations depend on the population dynamic of L. conchilega itself and the species composition in the surrounding sands. 相似文献
16.
日本鳗草(Zostera japonica)原是中国沿海潮间带较为常见的海草种类,近些年来随着生境的破坏其分布面积急遽下降,较大面积连续分布的海草床已经非常少见。2015年5月和8月,在山东黄河河口区发现了超过1000 ha几乎连续分布的日本鳗草海草床,与互花米草生境相邻,形成独特的生态景观。对日本鳗草生物量和种群补充等基本生物学指标也进行了调查。该发现极大丰富了中国海草数据库,并为日本鳗草的深入研究及保护提供了得天独厚的实验基地。 相似文献
17.
Sediment transport on an estuarine intertidal flat: Measurements and conceptual model of waves, rainfall and exchanges with a tidal creek 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sediment (silt) transport on a wave-dominated estuarine intertidal flat dissected by a tidal creek that connects to the watershed freshwater network is investigated by analysing field data from Waikopua, New Zealand, and by applying simple models. The intention is to expand understanding beyond the case of the idealised, two-dimensional wave-dominated flat. During fairweather (no waves), there is a continuous exchange of silt between the bed of the tidal creek and the upper flat, and that exchange is controlled by the elevation of the flat with respect to the creek bed. Rainfall in the watershed does not fundamentally alter the way the intertidal flat and the creek interact, but it does increase silt loads in the creek, which in turn increases the amount of silt exchanged with the upper flat. Waves on the flat are fetch-limited, and frictional dissipation causes waves to reduce in height at the edge of the water body. Under some circumstances, a frictional-dissipation zone may occupy the entire middle-plus-upper flat. There is a maximum in wave-orbital speed at the bed (Usigb) in the middle reaches of the flat, which arises from the particular balance between down-fetch wave growth, wave dissipation by bottom friction, and attenuation through the water column of wave-orbital motions under the short-period waves. There is a progressive decoupling of suspended-silt concentration (SSC) from Usigb moving from the bottom to the top of the flat, such that SSC is highest towards the top of the flat, where Usigb is virtually zero. We suggest that this is due to wave activity retarding the settling of suspended silt, and explore that idea with a simple model that is capable of reproducing the essential features of the data set. The results are assimilated in a conceptual model of the system, which shows the balances that control net silt transport in the creek and on the different parts of the flat, three different silt sources, and the role of waves and rainfall. The conceptual model also points at the feedbacks between sediment-transport processes and morphology that are inherent in the system. Implications of those feedbacks to long-term morphodynamics are essentially unexplored. 相似文献
18.
通过无人机飞行参数、飞行高度、潮汐条件和调查范围等试验,采用无人机对东郊椰林近岸海域海草进行航拍,利用PIX4D软件处理得到了高分辨率海草分布影像图,利用ArcGIS软件对海草分布区进行了矢量化提取,选择有代表性的区块结合实地调查进行验证,得出了试验区的海草分布特征和海草种类。结果表明：海草分布在离岸300 m范围内的珊瑚礁砰上,呈斑块状、间隔式分布特征,在试验区中海草分布面积为2 449.6 m2,占比为24.5%。实地调查到海草种类有圆叶丝粉草（Cymodocea rotundata）、单脉二药草（Halodule uninervis）、海菖蒲（Enhalus acoroides）、泰来草（Thalassia hemprichii）和卵叶喜盐草（Halophila ovalis）等5种海草,泰来草为优势种,单脉二药草和卵叶喜盐草分布在潮间带有淤泥的低潮区;圆叶丝粉草分布在低潮带至潮下带的上部,海底堆积和冲刷区的交界处;泰来草在不同水深处均有分布,分布面积最大。 相似文献
19.
基于河口潮间带底栖微藻群落水平的环境质量状态评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The feasibility of community-based bioassessment of environmental quality status was studied using microphytobenthos(MPB) in estuarine intertidal ecosystems.The sediment samples of MPB were collected monthly during a 1-year cycle(September 2006–August 2007) at four sampling stations in the Nakdong River Estuary,Korea.Environmental variables,such as salinity,radiation,grain size of sediment,Si(OH)_4(Si),nitrate(NO_3~–),nitrite(NO_2~–),ammonium(NH_4~+) and phosphates(PO_4~(3–)),were measured synchronously for comparison with biotic parameters.The statistical analyses were carried out for assessment the relationship between biotic and environmental parameters.The results showed that:(1) the MPB community structures were significant differences among four sampling stations;(2) spatial variation in the MPB communities were significantly correlated with environmental variables,especially the nutrient NH_4+ in combination with salinity and grain size;(3) three species(Navicula lacustris,Pleurosigma anglulatum and Fragilaria sp.1) were significantly correlated with nutrients and/or Si;and(4) the species richness and diversity were significantly correlated with the grain size.It is suggested that MPB communities may be used as a potentially robust bioindicator for assessing environmental quality status in estuarine intertidal ecosystems. 相似文献
20.
根据2022年8月大潮期间庙岛群岛岛屿的潮间带和潮下带大型底栖动物的调查结果,对其种类组成、数量分布、优势种、多样性以及群落结构特点进行了研究。结果表明:本次潮间带定量调查共鉴定大型底栖动物52种,其中甲壳动物最多(17种);定性调查共鉴定42种,软体动物最多(30种)。潮下带定量调查共鉴定大型底栖动物39种,低于潮间带定量调查,其中软体动物最多(26种)。潮间带大型底栖动物平均丰度为234个/m2,平均生物量为82.82g/m2。潮下带平均丰度为180.2个/m2,平均生物量为708.02g/m2。潮间带大型底栖动物多样性指数(H′)、丰富度指数(D)和均匀度指数(J′)平均值分别为1.187、1.723和0.540;潮下带H′、D和J′平均值均高于潮间带,分别为1.301、2.204和0.669。在本次潮间带定量调查中,大型底栖动物优势种为施氏玻璃钩虾(Hyaleschmidti)、平背蜞(Gaeticedepressus)、潮间海钩虾(Pontogeneialittorea)等。潮下带优势种与... 相似文献