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1.
气象部门内高性能计算资源与支持能力具有地域分布不均匀的特点,地方部门与国家级单位相比,在资源丰富程度和开发应用水平上都存在较大差距。针对气象部门国家级、地方单位的资源整合、共享和管理的需求,该文提出了一个国家气象计算网格的设计方案。设计方案采用国家级、区域、省级三级节点布局,通过跨广域范围的气象宽带网互联,基于整合的资源平台设置了资源管理、应用服务和用户接口等功能层模块。利用UNICORE等关键技术,开发实现了气象计算网格软件模块。建成了一个全国分布的6个网格节点,提供网格中间件和定制业务运行两种资源共享服务方式。业务运行以来,为资源匮乏地区的气象用户共享分发预报服务产品,为当地的减灾防灾工作做出了贡献。 相似文献
2.
“中国气象应用网格”是国家863重大专项支持的一个应用网格项目，主要针对中国气象局计算资源及科研人员分散在全国各地，气象预报面向政府、社会和公众服务的特点，建立了连接中国气象局行业内部和国防科技大学等单位在内的跨地域网格平台；在该网格平台上建立全面支持我国新一代中尺度数值天气预报系统的协同攻关环境和基于GRAPES的中尺度有限区数值天气预报业务系统，实现了应用层面的互联互通、资源共享和协同工作，提高气象部门的资源利用率、业务预报和自动化水平。“中国气象应用网格”包括网格中尺度数值预报模式GRAPES、网格门户、网格计算、资源和服务共享平台、基于Ganglia的网格资源监控、数值天气预报控制界面、气象预报产品发布和可视化、源代码管理系统、网格用户注册与管理等系统。 相似文献
3.
基于网格计算的MM5系统在青藏高原地区的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
论述了网格计算技术及其在气象领域的应用,指出网格的最终目标是资源共享和协同工作.在简述青藏高原地区中尺度数值模式系统建设的基础上,从模式背景、MM5应用系统建设的关键问题及技术路线、科研开发与业务化方案设计、模式的动力和物理方案及预报产品等方面介绍了青藏高原基于网格计算的MM5应用系统,并给出该系统在2006年业务试运行的检验结果,在此基础上总结了基于网格计算的应用系统在资源共享方面的效果.聚合主要高性能计算机系统的计算能力,构建一个国家级气象高性能计算机管理与应用网络平台,实现多集群系统的网格化全局管理和资源共享,不仅使参加网格计算项目的各个网格用户通过浏览器随时随地、安全、方便地访问网格上的计算、存储、数据和程序资源以及享受网格提供的各种服务,而且使研究开发人员不受计算机平台与地域的限制,即可选取所关心的预报区域、预报时效、时间步长、物理过程参数化方案等对数值模式本地化,同时解决了经济条件相对落后地区计算资源不足的问题,为高原地区气象部门探索研究资源共享的管理制度和运行机制创造了条件. 相似文献
4.
"中国气象应用网格"是国家863重大专项支持的一个应用网格项目,主要针对中国气象局计算资源及科研人员分散在全国各地,气象预报面向政府、社会和公众服务的特点,建立了连接中国气象局行业内部和国防科技大学等单位在内的跨地域网格平台;在该网格平台上建立全面支持我国新一代中尺度数值天气预报系统的协同攻关环境和基于GRAPES的中尺度有限区数值天气预报业务系统,实现了应用层面的互联互通、资源共享和协同工作,提高气象部门的资源利用率、业务预报和自动化水平."中国气象应用网格"包括网格中尺度数值预报模式GRAPES、网格门户、网格计算、资源和服务共享平台、基于Ganglia的网格资源监控、数值天气预报控制界面、气象预报产品发布和可视化、源代码管理系统、网格用户注册与管理等系统. 相似文献
5.
论述了网格计算技术及其在气象领域的应用,指出网格的最终目标是资源共享和协同工作。在简述青藏高原地区中尺度数值模式系统建设的基础上,从模式背景、MM5应用系统建设的关键问题及技术路线、科研开发与业务化方案设计、模式的动力和物理方案及预报产品等方面介绍了青藏高原基于网格计算的MM5应用系统,并给出该系统在2006年业务试运行的检验结果,在此基础上总结了基于网格计算的应用系统在资源共享方面的效果。聚合主要高性能计算机系统的计算能力,构建一个国家级气象高性能计算机管理与应用网络平台,实现多集群系统的网格化全局管理和资源共享,不仅使参加网格计算项目的各个网格用户通过浏览器随时随地、安全、方便地访问网格上的计算、存储、数据和程序资源以及享受网格提供的各种服务,而且使研究开发人员不受计算机平台与地域的限制,即可选取所关心的预报区域、预报时效、时间步长、物理过程参数化方案等对数值模式本地化,同时解决了经济条件相对落后地区计算资源不足的问题,为高原地区气象部门探索研究资源共享的管理制度和运行机制创造了条件。 相似文献
6.
针对省级气象业务对气象信息管理与共享服务的需求,提出了一套气象信息管理与共享服务系统建设模型。该模型实现了对海量气象信息的有效管理,能够提供气象信息的高效定位、检索,以及要素级的数据服务等功能。系统采用消息型中间件技术,为二次开发提供了便捷的接口,一方面使数据库的安全性和访问效率得到保障,另一方面支持各种不同开发环境和编程语言对数据库的访问,由此实现了开放式的气象信息共享服务。基于该模型开发了省级气象信息共享服务系统,并投入业务应用,对省级业务提供信息支撑作用。 相似文献
7.
气象计算网格聚合的计算资源具有地理分布、系统异构、运行状况与使用负载各不相同等特点。气象计算网格平台软件系统的资源监视模块, 涉及了远程气象网格节点、资源状态信息获取、web展示等3个层次。资源状态信息获取层可分为轮询、收集、整理等功能, web展示通过资源地理视图和资源列表栏目实现。基于ARCON客户工具箱技术开发实现了资源信息轮询和收集功能。现已实现对国家级网格节点及北京、成都、广州、沈阳4个区域级中心网格节点和安徽省级网格节点的10个高性能计算机系统的集中监视。 相似文献
8.
数值模式已经成为天气预报业务发展的主要方向，数值模式计算产生各种气象网格产品。气象网格产品具有数据量大、更新频次快、专业性强等特点，需要借助专业工具软件进行处理，不能很好满足企业和社会用户使用的需求，应用范围受到极大的限制。面对气象网格产品专业化与气象数据应用需求简单化之间的矛盾，文章提出针对气象网格产品，尤其是实况网格产品和预报网格产品，采用互联网服务手段，通过对网格数据离散化处理的方法，空间化管理的方式，将WebGIS技术应用到气象网格产品服务中。用户在客户端只需要进行简单文字检索或者GIS图形检索，系统便可以实现对气象网格产品中的有效数据进行精细化抽取，最终实现服务精细。文中提出的数据处理方法，对不同行业间气象网格产品的应用起到指导作用。 相似文献
9.
利用华东各省交通气象信息数据,对共享产品的内容和格式进行了定义和约束,并基于GeoServer和Tomcat平台,运用Java Servlet构建了交通气象专用的地图服务,使得用户可以根据需求自由组合由系统提供的地图资源,从而满足用户需求的地图服务聚合应用。通过对交通气象产品拼图算法、核心GIS处理、XML解析等功能模块的研究与实现,最终完成了基于GIS的交通气象信息共享业务系统。该系统满足了交通气象的业务需求,为交通气象监测、分析、预报服务产品共享提供了技术支持。 相似文献
10.
由于相应业务系统软件的缺乏,国家级气象高性能计算机的资源管理措施落后于能力建设的发展。对此,该文提出了一个精细粒度实时计算资源管理系统。系统设计紧密围绕着目前竞争最为激烈的计算资源,采用资源虚拟单元GCU作为资源使用的计量单位,屏蔽了不同高性能计算机系统的体系结构差异,实现了计算资源细粒度的统一量化统计。系统可分为用户接口层、资源管理层、HPC系统层等3个层次,根据与网格平台软件不同结合方式以两种方式运行。在国家气象信息中心完成了系统的研发、部署和试验运行,根据试验运行的部分数据进行了用户单位和用户个人的计算资源使用的统计分析。目前,计算资源管理系统成果已成功应用到国家级气象高性能计算机计算资源的业务管理工作中。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献