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1.
1957—2006年河西走廊中部气候变化对水资源的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用河西走廊中部1957—2006年6个气象站的气候资料,对气温、降水的变化特征以及由此引起的水资源的变化进行统计分析.结果表明:年平均气温整体以0.40℃.(10a)-1的速率上升,气温偏高主要是在冬季,春、夏季变化幅度不大.降水量的变化以2.81mm.(10a)-1的速度在递增,1980年代末至1990年代前期降水量出现下降,1990年代后期又开始缓慢增加.气温升高、降水量的增加、蒸发量的减少,意味着该地区气候由暖干向暖湿转变.水资源总量、河川径流量呈缓慢上升趋势,与降水量的变化具有一致性. 相似文献
2.
应用祖厉河流域1956~2016年实测水文资料,采用水文统计法、差积曲线法、突变检验法等方法,分析了流域水沙时空分布规律及水沙关系。结果表明:祖厉河流域年降水量、年径流深从上游向下游减小;支流关川河巉口以上年输沙模数相对较小,中游会宁-郭城驿最大。4个代表站历年降水量、径流量、输沙量均呈显著减少趋势,降水量年内分配主要集中在5~9月,径流量和输沙量主要集中在6~9月;水沙变化的突变年份为1999年,基准期1956~1999到措施期2000~2016年多年平均年径流量和输沙量分别减少了39.6%、72.9%。流域降水量年均减少0.53~1.23mm,气温年均升高0.029~0.042℃/a,植被覆盖度年均增加0.85%/a,降水减少、水土保持措施面积增加和植被覆盖度大幅提高是流域水沙持续减少的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
为定量分析降水、径流和开采对西安地区潜水流场影响程度,应用小波变换、最小二乘相关分析等研究方法,对区域平均地下水位,水源地漏斗中心水位及漏斗面积与降水、径流和开采变化之间的特征进行了研究。结果表明:1986—2010年期间,平均地下水位随降水量的增大呈线性函数递增趋势,降水量每增加100 mm,平均水位上升0.77 m,漏斗中心水位变化速率随降水量的增大呈直线下降趋势,年均降水量每增加100 mm,漏斗中心水位上升0.7 m(灞河水源地)、0.27 m(沣皂河水源地)和0.14 m(渭滨水源地);1986—2010年期间,径流量每增加1×10~8m~3,区域平均水位上升0.9~1.98 m,漏斗中心水位上升0.32~2.36 m,漏斗面积减小0.019~13.2 km2;1998—2010年期间,地下水开采量每增加0.1×10~8m~3,区域平均水位降幅达1.14~5.37 m,水源地漏斗中心水位降幅0.94~5.76 m,漏斗面积扩大0.44~27 km2;关联度分析表明,降水、开采是西安地区潜水流场变异的主导因素。 相似文献
4.
气候变化对乌鲁木齐河流域水资源的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
分析了乌鲁木齐河流域近40 a来的气候变化及其气候要素与冰川融水、降水径流的关系.结果表明:高山冰川区融水径流的变化主要受气温变化影响,冰川区夏季6~8月累积气温每增加0.5℃,流域37.95 km2冰川产生的融水量将增加3.3514×106m3;近期气温再升高0.5℃,冰川融水年平均径流量将达到35×106m3.降水对中高山径流的影响较大,每增加20 mm降水量,降雨径流量增加8.9×106m3,40 a来其变化呈略增加趋势,年平均增加量为0.4095×106m3,与冰川融水增加量相当;降水与冰川融水径流量增加百分率相比,增加幅度较小.最后提出了减少污染,增加植被覆盖面积等应对气候变化对水资源影响的措施. 相似文献
5.
应用博尔塔拉河上游温泉水文站和温泉气象站1961-2012年的观测资料,分析博尔塔拉河上游气温和降水的变化特征以及径流对气候变化的响应。结果表明：近50a来,博尔塔拉河上游区出现了气温升高、降水量增加的暖湿化气候变化趋势。其中,在夏、秋、冬季升温明显,夏、冬季增湿明显;对气温与降水序列进行统计检验,得出该地区气温、降水增加的趋势显著,气温的增加趋势大于降水;通过研究发现,气温是影响博尔塔拉河出山径流量的主要因子,尤其是夏季平均气温与年径流量的相关系数最大,为0.71;夏季降水量与年径流量相关系数为0.52。利用夏季平均气温、夏季降水量建立多元线性回归模型,相关系数为R=0.78。说明温泉气象站的夏季温度上升、降水量增加,博尔塔拉河的径流量就会增加;由于气候暖湿变化效应,大气降水和来水量的增加,使这一地区的荒漠植被得到了一定的恢复,在一定程度上减少了风沙天气,湖区的生态环境已有明显改善。 相似文献
6.
冰川融水是西北干旱区水资源重要组成部分,定量评估其变化对中、下游生态环境保护和工农业经济可持续发展具有重要意义。本文基于国家气象台站日降水和气温资料、数字高程模型(DEM)以及第一次冰川编目数据,利用度日模型模拟了天山南坡阿克苏流域1957—2017年冰川物质平衡及其融水径流变化,分析了融水径流组成及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：1957—2017年流域年平均物质平衡为-94.6 mm w.e.,61年累积物质平衡为-5.8 m w.e.。流域冰川物质平衡线呈显著上升趋势,年均上升速率为1.6 m/a。研究区年均融水径流量为53.1×108 m3,融水增加速率为0.24×108 m3/a,融水径流及其组成分量均呈显著增加趋势。在气候暖湿化背景下,流域降水的增加使得冰川区积累量增加,在剧烈的升温作用下,冰川消融加剧,气温对融水径流的作用增大,因此冰川物质平衡亏损产生的水文效应增强。研究结果可提升区域冰川水资源效应变化及其影响的认识。 相似文献
7.
气候变化与人类活动对渭河源区近30年径流量影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《地下水》2017,(4)
利用渭河源区渭源水文站和气象站1981—2010年气温、降水、蒸发以及径流实测资料,运用坎德尔秩次相关、斯波曼秩次相关、线性趋势回归检验法对水文气象要素变化趋势进行检验,利用双累积曲线以及累积距平曲线找出年径流量突变年份,运用定量分析法计算气候变化与人类活动对径流量变异的贡献程度。结果显示:渭河源区年均降水量与年径流量均呈减少趋势,年均气温与年蒸发量呈显著上升趋势;渭河源区年均气温、年均降水量、年蒸发量、年径流量均发生显著性突变;年均降水量与年径流量相关性最高,降水量是影响渭河源区年径流量衰减主要气象因素;气候变化与人类活动对径流量变化的贡献率分别为23.2%和76.8%。人类活动是渭河源区流域径流量变异的关键驱动因素,对径流量变化的影响远大于气候变化影响程度。 相似文献
8.
天山南坡台兰河流域冰川物质平衡变化及其对径流的影响 总被引：51，自引：29，他引：22
应用控制流域的径流及相关降水资料,通过模型重建了台兰河流域平均冰川物质平衡序列.结果显示,1957—2000年流域冰川平均年物质平衡为-287mm,累计冰川物质平衡-12.6m;44a来由于气温升温引起的冰川净消融相当于每年补给河流径流1.24×108m3,占河流年径流量的15%.1982年以后,流域冰川物质平衡一直呈负平衡,1957—1981年平均物质平衡为-168mm·a-1,1982—2000年平均为-445mm·a-1.随着气候由暖干向暖湿转型,降水量增加,但冰川对气温的敏感性更大,冰川消融加快,冰川融水量持续增加.气温和降水量的变化与北大西洋涛动和北极涛动变化一致,其突变年份都在1986—1988年左右. 相似文献
9.
气候变化和人类活动对中亚地区水文环境的影响评估 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中亚地区是我国天气的上游区,生态环境异常脆弱,必须要保证该地区生态环境和资源安全,水资源安全首当其冲.研究和评估气候变化和人类活动对中亚地区水文环境的影响,具有重要的战略意义.近百年来中亚地区气候有暖湿化趋势,气温增温持续时间较长且增温幅度较大,近50a增暖更加明显(0.47℃·(10a)-1),其中冬季增温最快,预估未来会延续变暖的态势;同时20世纪80年代之后降水量持续波动上升.气候变化对该地区水资源的时空分布及湖泊变迁造成了重大影响,人类活动加剧了水资源短缺,近50a来锡尔河和阿姆河入咸海径流量均呈减少的趋势,20世纪70年代之后拦水蓄水水库等水利工程的建设,加上灌溉用水的增加,导致两河入咸海水量骤减;而1987年之后两河入咸海水量回升,主要是气温回暖、降水增多,加速了常年积雪和冰川融化,使得进入河道的径流量增加.同时,湖泊水位下降,面积收缩,水质恶化.中亚水资源问题主要是跨国水资源分配和水环境恶化问题,要做好水资源评估和用水规划工作,建立覆盖全区域的水资源环境监测网络.中亚国家需要共同参与制定一套完整的、综合考虑人口、社会经济、生态环境等因素的水资源管理政治立法决策体系,构建中亚各国人水和谐、互利共存的水资源新秩序,以水资源可持续利用来支持经济与社会的可持续发展. 相似文献
10.
1962—2007年新疆塔城白杨河流域气候变化对水文情势的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过气温、降水和径流等水文气象要素的对比,分析了新疆塔城白杨河流域在气候转型条件下水文特性的变化特征.结果表明:1962—2007年46a白杨河流域的额敏站气温以0.53℃·(10a)-1的速度增暖,降水量以8.5mm·(10a)-1的速度增加;和布克赛尔站则以0.35℃·(10a)-1的速度增暖,年降水量以6.4mm·(10a)-1的速度增加.额敏与和布克赛尔两站46a的年升温率远高于北疆平均增温率,白杨河流域气候有向暖湿型转化的趋势.白杨河流域主要补给为积雪融水,多年平均出山年径流量为2.393×108m3,46a来年径流量以10×106m3·(10a)-1的速率增加.白杨河径流量与额敏、和布克赛尔两站年降水量有着明显的正相关性;但与额敏、和布克赛尔两站年气温有着不明显的反相关性,说明白杨河流域径流量对气候变化有着明显的响应. 相似文献
11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
12.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
14.
15.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
17.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the 相似文献