共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
Introduction The study of acoustic emission evidenced by rock fracture experiments is the most important field of seismology. By means of the rock fracture technique system, many researchers tried to prove the possible relationship between some parameters such as b value and the stress variation prior to rock fracture using the acoustic emission results from different types of rock fracture ex-periments (MA et al, 2004a, b; Lockner, 1993; JIANG and ZHANG, 1998). In order to investigate th… 相似文献
2.
Wang Yucang Yin Xiangchu and Wang HaitaoLaboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media 《中国地震研究》1998,(4)
The load/unload experiments on rock failure under pressure have been carried out in Material Test System (MTS) in the Laboratory for Non-linear Mechanics of Continuous Media (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and load/unload response ratio (LURR) values with strain as response (i.e. inverse elastic constant as response rate) have been obtained. The experimental results are in accordance with theoretical results and those in real earthquakes: LURR rises just before rock failure. So LURR can be used as the precursor of rock failure and earthquake prediction. 相似文献
3.
Hydraulic fracturing reservoir reconstruction technology is crucial in the development of shale gas exploitation techniques.Large quantities of high-pressure fluids injected into shale reservoirs significantly alter compressional(P)and shear(S)wave velocities,rock mechanical parameters,and anisotropic characteristics.In this study,differentiated hydraulic fracturing petrophysical experiments were carried out on Longmaxi Formation shale under pseudo-triaxial stress loading conditions.The effects of stress loading methods,and water-rock physical and chemical reactions on P-and S-wave velocities and rock mechanical parameters were compared.The experimental results showed that isotropic stress loading may increase the P-and Swave velocities and Young’s modulus of dry shale kldnsample.Furthermore,it may lead to a weakening of the corresponding anisotropy.In contrast,differential stress loading was able to improve the anisotropy of Young’s modulus and accelerate the decrease in the compressive strength of shale in the vertical bedding direction.The water-rock physical and chemical reactions prompted by hydraulic fracturing was found to"soften"shale samples and reduce Young’s modulus.The influence of this"soften"effect on the compressional and shear wave velocities of shale was negligible,whilst there was a significant decrease in the anisotropy characteristics of Thomsen parameters,Young’s modulus,and Poisson’s ratio.The negative linear relationship between the Poisson’s ratios of the shale samples was also observed to lose sensitivity to stress loading,as a result of the"soften"effect of fracturing fluid on shale.The results of this study provide a reliable reference point and data support for future research on the mechanical properties of Longmaxi shale rocks. 相似文献
4.
The fabric anisotropy of a granular soil deposit can strongly infl uence its engineering properties and behavior. This paper presents the results of a novel experimental study designed to examine the effects of fabric anisotropy on smallstrain stiffness and its evolution with loading on the elastic shear modulus of granular materials under a K0 condition. Two primary categories of fabric anisotropy, i.e., deposition-induced and particle shape-induced, are investigated. Toyoura sand deposits with relative densities of 40% and 80% were prepared using deposition angles oriented at 0o and 90o. Piezoelectric transducers were used to obtain the elastic shear modulus in the vertical and horizontal directions(Gvh and Ghh). The measurements indicate distinct differences in the values of G with respect to the different deposition angles. Particle shapeinduced fabric anisotropy was examined using four selected sands. It was concluded that sphericity is a controlling factor dominating the small-strain stiffness of granular materials. The degree of fabric anisotropy proves to be a good indicatorin the characterization of stress-induced fabric evolution during loading and unloading stress cycles. The experimental data were used to calibrate an existing micromechanical model, which was able to represent the behavior of the granular material and the degree of fabric anisotropy reasonably well. 相似文献
5.
In order to investigate the dynamic mechanical properties of amphibolite and sericite-quartz schist under confi ning pressure, two rocks are subjected to impact loadings with different strain rates and confi ning pressures by using split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment with a confi ning pressure device. Based on the experimental results, the stress-strain curves are analyzed and the effects of confi ning pressure and strain rates on the dynamic compressive strength, peak strain and failure mode are summarized. The results show that:(1) The characteristics of two rocks in the ascent stage of the stressstrain curve are basically the same, but in the descent stage, the rocks gradually show plastic deformation characteristics as the confi ning pressure increases.(2) The dynamic compressive strength and peak strain of two rocks increase as the strain rate increases and the confi ning pressure effects are obvious.(3) Due to the effect of confi ning pressure, the normal stress on the damage surface of the rock increases correspondingly, the bearing capacity of the crack friction exceeds the material cohesion and the slippage of the fractured rock is controlled, which all lead to the compression and shear failure mode of rock. The theoretical analysis and experimental methods to study the dynamic failure mode and other related characteristics of rock are useful in developing standards for engineering practice. 相似文献
6.
Two branches of Tangjiagou rock avalanche were triggered by Lushan earthquake in Sichuan Province, China on April 20th, 2013. The rock avalanche has transported about 1 500 000 m3 of sandstone from the source area. Based on discrete element modeling, this study simulates the deformation, failure and movement process of the rock avalanche. Under seismic loading, the mechanism and process of deformation, failure, and runout of the two branches are similar. In detail, the stress concentration occur firstly on the top of the mountain ridge, and accordingly, the tensile deformation appears. With the increase of seismic loading, the strain concentration zone extends in the forward and backward directions along the slipping surface, forming a locking segment. As a result, the slipping surface penetrates and the slide mass begin to slide down with high speed. Finally, the avalanche accumulates in the downstream and forms a small barrier lake. Modeling shows that a number of rocks on the surface exhibit patterns of horizontal throwing and vertical jumping under strong ground shaking. We suggest that the movement of the rock avalanche is a complicated process with multiple stages, including formation of the two branches, high-speed sliding, transformation into debris flows, further movement and collision, accumulation, and the final steady state. Topographic amplification effects are also revealed based on acceleration and velocity of special monitoring points. The horizontal and vertical runout distances of the surface materials are much greater than those of the internal materials. Besides, the sliding duration is also longer than that of the internal rock mass. 相似文献
7.
《中国地震研究》1994,(3)
An experiment of uniaxial compression was carried out on samples of 8 representative rock types.The temporal variations of the remanent magnetization,strain and acoustic emission of samples were recorded and investigated,especially when the samples were under constant load and when they had just been unloaded.It was found that most samples still showed changes of their remanent magnetization under constant load and the tendency of these changes remained the same as that before the load had been kept constant.In the meantime,similar changes of strains were observed as well.However,in a short time period immediately after the sample had been completely unloaded,the variations of remanent magnetization and strains were still observed.The above phenomena seem to be the reflection of rheological properties of rocks.It is interesting to note that some similar phenomena were also found in field observations,such as aseismic geomagnetic changes and secular variation in local geomagnetic field before and after e 相似文献
8.
The model of the relationship of AE parameter,damage variable and strain is derived by applying the damage theory and micro-element statistical strength theory.The relation between AE characteristics during rock failure and machine stiffness is analyzed under uniaxial compression with the above model.Based on the above analysis,the internal connection among AE activity law and seisraogenic process and earthquake activity is discussed. 相似文献
9.
Cheng Haixu Wu Kaitong Zhang LiuCenter for Analysis Prediction SSB Beijing China Institute of Geology SSB Beijing China 《中国地震研究》1995,(2)
In this paper,compression tests of intact granite samples have been made in a triaxial testing machine with solid confining pressure.From the tests,the influences of confining pressure and loading rate(axial strain rate)on the deformation and fracture process of rock samples,on the stress drop and recurrence interval of stick-slip events,and on the geometric distribution of the main fracture have been studied.The experimental results show that the loading rate influences the stress drop and recurrence interval of stick-slip events greatly.At lower loading rates,the stress drop of stick-slip events is greater,their recurrence interval is longer and shows no regularity in distribution.When the loading rate goes higher,the stress drop will become smaller and the recurrence interval will tend to be constant and stick-slip events show a quasi-periodicity.At lower confining pressures and strain rates,the main fracture may evolve into 2 X-shaped conjugate shear faults; whereas at higher confining pressures and 相似文献
10.
Cai Chang’e Qiu Nansheng Li Huili Stockli Daniel F. Chang Jian Liu Nian 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2020,63(3):412-424
Zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry was used as an effective indicator to study the thermal history of deep sedimentary basins with high temperatures.Zircon He ages and closure temperatures are very important parameters.In this paper,detrital zircon He closure temperature was studied by establishing the evolutionary pattern between zircon He ages and burial depth of borehole samples obtained from the Cenozoic strata in the Bohai Bay and Tarim basins,which have different thermal settings.The results show that the zircon He closure temperature of natural evolution samples is 200℃,which is higher than the temperature obtained from thermal simulation experiments(183℃).The temperature range of 140-200℃corresponds to the zircon helium partial retention zone.By properly understanding zircon He closure temperatures,zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry can provide a correct explanation of the He ages,and significant guidance in the study of the evolution of source rocks and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation in deep sedimentary basins. 相似文献
11.
加卸载响应比(LURR)理论的实验研究 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
利用大尺度岩石试件破坏声发射实验，对加卸载响应比(Load/Unload Response Ratio)理论进行了实验研究。实验采用的加载条件力求能够模拟地下岩石的复杂受力过程。在加载过程中，岩石试件内部出现的损伤用声发射技术进行了记录。实验数据经过分析之后所得的结论与加卸载响应比理论预测的结果相符合。把加卸载响应比值Y的变化情况与声发射事件定位的过程相对比，也可以进一步看出岩石材料内部的损伤发展过程与加卸载响应比Y值的变化具有一致性。而高Y值的异常情况出现，又是在材料发生最终破坏之前，所以，可以用加卸载响应比理论定量地分析岩石试件损伤演化情况，从而对岩石材料的破坏及地震做出预测。实验结果再一次验证了加卸载响应比理论。 相似文献
12.
Xiang-Chu Yin Huai-Zhong Yu Victor Kukshenko Zhao-Yong Xu Zhishen Wu Min Li Keyin Peng Surgey Elizarov Qi Li 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2004,161(11-12):2405-2416
— In order to verify some precursors such as LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) and AER (Accelerating Energy Release) before large earthquakes or macro-fracture in heterogeneous brittle media, four acoustic emission experiments involving large rock specimens under tri-axial stress, have been conducted. The specimens were loaded in two ways: monotonous or cycling. The experimental results confirm that LURR and AER are precursors of macro-fracture in brittle media. A new measure called the state vector has been proposed to describe the damage evolution of loaded rock specimens. 相似文献
13.
Introduction Earthquake is a kind of severe natural disaster. In order to predict earthquake effectively, thegeoscientists at home and abroad have carried out a great deal of studies on seismicity. For exam-ple,Willis, (1924) and Tocher (1959) made some early investigations on seismicity before largeearthquake. Chinese geoscientists performed even more studies in this field (CHEN, et al, 1981;HUANG, FENG, 1981; LIU, 1982; LU, 1985; LU, et al, 2001; MA, et al, 1982; MEI, 1960; … 相似文献
14.
Acoustic Emission Experiments of Rock Failure Under Load Simulating the Hypocenter Condition 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hui-hui Zhang Xiang-chu Yin Nai-gang Liang Huai-zhong Yu Shi-yu Li Y. C. Wang C. Yin Victor Kukshenko Nikita Tomiline Surguei Elizarov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2006,163(11-12):2389-2406
A series of acoustic emission (AE) experiments of rock failure have been conducted under cyclic load in tri-axial stress tests. To simulate the hypocenter condition the specimens are loaded by the combined action of a constant stress, intended to simulate the tectonic loading, and a small sinusoidal disturbance stress, analogous to the Earth tide induced by the Sun and the Moon. Each acoustic emission signal can indicate the occurrence time, location and relative magnitude of the damage (micro-crack) in the specimen. The experimental results verified some precursors such as LURR (Load/Unload Response Ratio) and AER (Accelerating Energy Release) before macro-fracture of the samples. A new parameter, the correlation between the AE and the load, has been proposed to describe the loading history. On the eve of some strong earthquakes the correlation between the Benioff strain and the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) decreases, similar to the variation of LURR prior to strong earthquakes. 相似文献
15.
Yu Huai-zhong Yin Xiang-chu Xia Meng-fen Xu Zhao-yong Li Min Liang Nai-gang Peng Ke-yin Victor Kukshenko Wu Zhi-shen Li Qi Surguei Elizarov 《地震学报(英文版)》2004,17(1):129-137
According to the critical point hypothesis (CPH), energy release would accelerate in power law before occurrence of large
earthquakes or failure of brittle materials. In the paper, CPH was studied by acoustic emission experiments of large-scale
rock samples. Three kinds of rock samples were used in the experiments. The tri-axial loading condition was applied under
different loading histories. The released elastic energy (Acoustic emission) was recorded with acoustic emission technique
as microcracks emerged and developed inside the rock samples. The experimental results gave a further verification on the
CPH. The elastic energy release of rock samples would accelerate before the failure even under different experimental conditions.
Primary studies were also made on medium-term earthquake prediction by using accelerating energy release (AER) in the paper.
Foundation item: Project of Natural Sciences Foundation of China (10232050), Project of State Key Basic Research (2002CB412706) and Project
of Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (2002CB412706). 相似文献
16.
缺陷的演化繁衍与Kaiser效应函数 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
本文运用岩石的损伤理论,通过对岩石材料微元强度的统计分布假设,得到声发射积累N随应变ε的变化规律,并对于循环加载情形,给出了Kaiser效应函数的通式。文中还证明,声发射积累N的变化与损伤参量D具有一致性,得到了用声发射积累N描述的岩石本构关系。理论结果与实验资料吻合很好。 相似文献
17.
本文利用两个频率通道同时接收花岗岩标本及石灰岩标本在不同单轴加压方式下的声发射信号,研究了从加压到破坏的整个形变过程中,不同频道接收到的声发射率的变化特征.发现在各种加压方式下,花岗岩和石灰岩在破坏前,由不同频率通道接收到的声发射率均急剧增长;而在破坏的瞬间,高频通道接收的声发射率增长快于较低频率通道的声发射率.这两点可用来预测岩石的破坏.声发射率随轴向应力的变化与加压方式有关.匀速加压,加压过程中保持一段时间恒压或降压均对应一定的声发射率状态.有可能通过追踪声发射情况,推测应力变化趋势. 相似文献
18.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE CHANGES OF ULTRASONIC CODA WAVE AND ACOUSTIC EMISSION DURING ROCK LOADING AND DEFORMATION 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 YANG Hai-ming CHEN Shun-yun LIU Pei-xun GUO Yan-shuang ZHUO Yan-qun QI Wen-bo 《地震地质》1979,42(3):715-731
The coda wave propagation path has received extensive attention as it is more sensitive to small changes in the medium than the direct wave. During the process of loading, the wave velocity, medium or source changes may cause the coda wave to change. The physical mechanism of change in the ultrasonic coda wave varies during different deformation stages. Meanwhile, there exist local damages in the rock sample during the deformation, and it will be accompanied by acoustic emission. Combining the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission is beneficial to characterize the coda wave characteristics and damage degree of the sample at different deformation stages. In this paper, three kinds of rocks, including granodiorite, marble and sandstone with the sizes of 50mm×50mm×150mm, are used to carry out observations of ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission during the whole process of loading so as to study characteristics of the coda wave at different deformation stages. The major results are given below: 1)There is a good correspondence between the coda wave variation and the acoustic emission evolution process. When the acoustic emission frequency increases, the coda wave changes accordingly. In particular, the coda wave changes in the early stages of increased acoustic emission frequency, which indicates that the early damage information of rock can be obtained by analysis of the coda wave. 2)The physical mechanism of the coda wave change is different in different deformation stages. At the initial stage of loading, there are obvious scatterer changes in the coda wave change; then, in the linear elastic deformation stage, the wave velocity change is dominating; in the late-stage of loading, the scatterer change increases and coexists with the wave velocity change, the scatterer change effect is related with the rock micro-fracture degree, the rock will locally be damaged before rupturing, and the role of the scatterer will be enhanced. 3)With the increase of loading, the amplitude of increase of the wave velocity generally decreases gradually, which is basically consistent with the understanding obtained through the direct wave. The interference of acoustic emission can be eliminated because of the Kaiser effect when analyzing the coda wave. The consistency of the wave velocity change and stress loading and unloading is further verified. 4)The micro-fracture generated during rock deformation will change the physical mechanism of the coda wave change, and the scatterer effect will be significantly enhanced. At the same time, the acoustic emission waveform will cause interference to the ultrasonic coda wave. This means that attention needs to be paid when analyzing rock damage using only coda wave data. In short, the ultrasonic coda wave and acoustic emission can reflect the damage inside the rock, and the change mechanism of the coda wave in different deformation stages is different. The joint observation of the two can play a mutual verification role, which is conducive to improving the reliability of the observation results. 相似文献
19.
20.
从岩石应力-应变的本构关系出发,以能够反映岩石应变变化的地应变观测数据作为"响应量",通过库伦应力触发模型的加卸载响应比计算方法,计算2017年8月8日九寨沟M_S7.0地震前震中及周边500km范围内应变观测的加卸载响应比结果。结果显示,基于应变观测的加卸载响应比方法能够较好地从潮汐频段提取地震前LURR异常,九寨沟地震前,300km范围内的多个应变观测台站出现LURR异常,其中相距96km的两水台EW分量Y值最大达到3.27;LURR空间演化特征显示,在震前约9个月内震中及周边地区陆续出现异常"集中—增强—减弱"过程,证明该地区在长期应力累积的背景下,应力的不断累积增强导致震中及附近区域的岩石出现不断损伤或弱化,最终位于树正断裂上的应变能积累超过了介质强度而引发了此次地震。 相似文献