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柄海鞘Styela clava中的甾醇化合物的分离和鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用GC-MS技术从青岛海域产柄海鞘Styela
clava中分离鉴定出5种甾醇化合物,分别是(22Z)-26,27-二降-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(1),胆甾-5,22-二稀-3β-醇(2),胆甾醇(3),胆甾烷醇(4),(22E)-麦角甾-5,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)。 相似文献
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对29种(株)海洋微藻进行不充气培养,用Bligh-Dyer法提取总脂,皂化后氯仿和正己烷(体积比为1:4)提取甾醇,BSTFA衍生后用岛津QP2010气相色谱-质谱分析仪进行GC/MS分析.从29种海洋微藻中共检测到47种甾类化合物,鉴定出36种甾醇和一种甾酮.其中,4位无甲基Δ5甾醇在所有的微藻中均有分布,一些高等生物中常见的甾醇如胆甾醇、菜子甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、谷甾醇和褐藻中常见的岩藻甾醇等,在微藻中均有广泛的分布.相对而言,4位无甲基5位饱和甾(烷)醇、4-甲基甾(烷)醇和双羟基甾醇的分布则相对较少,其中许多甾醇如甲藻甾醇、巴夫甾醇、C27:2(Δ5,22/24Me)和C28:3(Δ5,7,22/24Me)等,只在一种藻或同一纲的微藻中被检测到,可以作为对应微藻或对应纲微藻的特征甾醇.认为海洋微藻甾醇的研究可以为海洋微藻化学分类学及饵料营养学研究提供重要参考依据. 相似文献
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一种饵料微藻的脂肪酸甾醇分析及化学分类的探讨 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
对一种重要的未知生物饵料微藻在充气和瓶中静态两种生态条件下进行培养,设计了一种分步衍生化脂肪酸与甾醇的GC/MS连续分析法,对微藻脂肪酸甾醇进行了定性和定量分析,结果表明,这种微藻主要含有丰富的二十碳五烯酸(EPA),C14:0,C16:0,C16:1以及一定量的二十二碳六烯酸(DHA),C22:5(n-6)和C18不饱和脂肪酸;共鉴定出11种甾醇组分,主要是24-甲基(乙基)胆甾醇,碳数分布从27到30,特别含有甲基巴夫甾醇和乙基巴夫甾醇;可以把这种微藻归到Prymnesiophyceae纲Pavlovales目Pavlovaceae科.通过实例分析证明,脂类分析结果可以作为海洋微藻化学分类学的一个重要依据. 相似文献
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海洋红藻鸭毛藻化学成分研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用正相硅胶柱层析、SephadexLH-20凝胶柱层析、反相HPLC及重结晶等手段,从鸭毛藻(Symphyocladia latiuscula)中分离获得6个化合物,通过一维和二维核磁共振等现代波谱技术鉴定了全部化合物的结构,分别为:焦谷氨酸乙酯(1)、4-杜松烯-1-醇(2)、胆甾醇(3)、6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮(4)、1,2-棕榈酸甘油二酯(5)和15-羟甲基-2,6,10,18,22,26,30-七甲基-14-甲烯基-17-三十一烯(6)。以上化合物均为首次从该属海藻中分离鉴定。 相似文献
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一种南海鼠尾藻次级代谢产物及其克生活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在卤虫致死活性的指导下,综合运用正、反相硅胶柱层析,Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析,制备HPLC等分离技术,对褐藻马尾藻属鼠尾藻Sargassumthunbergii进行了克生活性次级代谢产物研究。从鼠尾藻乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯相中分离获得11个单体化合物,运用NMR,MS,IR等波谱技术鉴定了结构,分别为:2-[(3S,7S,11S)-3-hydroxy-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]-3,5,6-tri methylcyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione(1),5-脱氢豆甾醇(2),盐藻甾醇(3),马尾藻甾醇(4),盐藻甾酮(5),过氧化麦角甾醇(6),1-(hexadecy1oxy)-propane-2,3-diol(7),1-(15-methylheptadecy1oxy)-propane-2,3-diol(8),3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-hexadecane-1-ol(9),植醇(10),3-[(1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]-2-[[(9Z,12Z)-1-oxo-9,12-oc-tadecadien-1-yl]oxy]propyl(11)。其中,除化合物10外均为首次从马尾藻属中分离得到。对化合物进行了卤虫致死活性和斑马鱼胚胎毒性评价,结果显示,化合物1,5和6具有中等强度的卤虫致死活性;化合物6具有中等的斑马鱼胚胎毒性,EC50值为21.7μg/mL。 相似文献
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利用硅胶色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱、HPLC等技术,从坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)乙醇提取物首次分离纯化得到了7个化合物,通过质谱(MS)及核磁共振波谱(1H NMR、13C NMR)等现代波谱技术鉴定为：1,8-二羟基-9,10-蒽醌(1)、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(2)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、鲨肝醇(5)、(E)-N-2(1,3-二羟基-4-十八烯基)-十六酰胺(6)、胆甾醇(7)。其中,化合物1对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为80μg/mL。 相似文献
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采用硅胶柱色谱以及Sephadex LH-20凝胶色谱手段,对海洋红藻瘤状软骨凹顶藻(Chondrophycus papillous Garbary et Harper)进行化学成分研究,分离得到5个化合物.通过MS、NMR等方法对得到的化合物进行结构确证,分别鉴定为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Ⅰ),邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(Ⅱ),胆甾醇(Ⅲ),植醇(Ⅳ)和4-羟基苯甲醛(Ⅴ).所有化合物均为首次从该种海藻中分离得到.通过MTT法对得到的单体化合物进行细胞毒活性筛选,结果显示所有化合物在10 mg/L浓度下均无明显活性. 相似文献
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海洋褐藻羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)中马尾藻甾醇、岩藻甾醇的分类纯化及抗菌、抗氧化活性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文评价海洋褐藻羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)中分离纯化的总甾醇、马尾藻甾醇(Saringosterol)和岩藻甾醇(Fucosterol)抗菌和抗氧化活性。马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇化合物采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱和高分辨质谱确定其结构。实验结果显示,总甾醇含量在30、60和80mg/m L对金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)和变形链球菌(S.mutans)具有抑制作用。马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇对金黄色葡萄球菌和变形链球菌具有高活性,最小抑制浓度范围为4—32mg/m L。总甾醇还显示出对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)菌株1924和1356的抗菌作用。而马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇在4—32mg/m L浓度范围内体外对大肠杆菌的抗菌作用不明显。马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇对耐药性革兰氏阳性临床分离菌株具有显著的抑菌活性。另外,药理实验结果显示,总甾醇、马尾藻甾醇和岩藻甾醇的抗氧化活性与它们清除DPPH、ABTS、超氧化物和羟基自由基的能力有关。 相似文献
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Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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