共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
在济南市城区对大气降尘及不同污染端元样品进行采集,系统分析了大气降尘和污染端元元素含量特征,并对大气降尘空间分布及污染来源进行研究。结果表明:不同污染端元中元素含量差别明显,燃煤尘中As、Cd、F、Pb是汽车尾气尘的3倍以上,是交通尘、冶炼尘、建筑尘等其他端元尘的1.26~2.35倍,对环境影响较大;汽车尾气尘中Cr、Ni、S、Zn含量最高,冶炼尘中Co、Ni、Pb、F含量偏高,而建筑尘中多数元素含量为所有端元尘中最低。与土壤背景值相比,济南市大气降尘中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、F、S富集程度较高,受到不同程度人为污染;相关分析和因子分析结果表明,Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、As主要来源于企业燃煤,大气降尘中这些元素高含量区与热电厂、冶炼厂、化工厂等燃煤污染源空间分布相一致;F、S可能与汽车尾气排放有关,而As、Cr主源于交通污染,这3种污染源是济南市大气降尘污染的主要来源,对降尘的贡献约占60.42%。研究表明,工业燃煤排放已逐渐代替汽车尾气成为大气降尘中Pb元素的主要来源。 相似文献
2.
黑龙江省松嫩平原南部大气颗粒物地球化学特征及来源解析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究采集了黑龙江松嫩平原南部28个夏季大气颗粒物样品,分析了不同粒径(TSP、PM10、PM2-5)样品中常量和微量元素含量,对元素浓度含量特征、元素间相关性和空间分布特征进行了分析,并使用富集系数法和因子分析法进行元素来源解析。研究表明：在PM10-100中富集的元素多在地壳中含量很高,重金属元素在PM2-5中高度富集,不同粒径大气颗粒物中各元素质量浓度整体水平为：大庆>绥化>哈尔滨>齐齐哈尔。富集因子分析表明：Fe、K、Ti、Mn、Co的富集因子小于1或非常接近1,Ca、Mg、Ni、Cr的富集因子大于1但仍小于10,Na、Zn、Cu、Cd、Pb、Se的富集因子大于10,表现出较为明显的人为来源特征。参照颗粒物不同源主要标识元素,对各元素进行主因子分析结果表明：松嫩平原南部大气可吸入颗粒物的主要来源是土壤扬尘,此外还有燃煤、垃圾焚烧、汽车尾气、碱尘大气传输、燃油和工业来源。 相似文献
3.
石家庄市大气PM1、PM2.5和PM10中重金属元素分布特征及来源的对比研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解元素(尤其是重金属元素)在不同粒径大气颗粒物中的分布规律、污染特征及来源,于2016年在石家庄市采集PM1、PM2.5和PM10样品。利用等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测定了Al、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Cu、Zn、As、Sb、Hg、Pb和Cd共13种元素的质量浓度,采用富集因子(EF)法分析各种元素在PM1、PM2.5和PM10中的分布特征,并通过主成分分析法讨论了这些元素的主要来源。富集因子分析显示出Al、Fe、Ti、Mn受人为因素影响较少(EF<10),其他元素则出现显著至极强的人为影响,尤其是Cd元素(EF>103),并发现颗粒物粒径较小时,富集因子较大,即人为因素影响更重。主成分分析表明：PM1中元素有工业冶炼及燃煤活动、机动车燃油排放、生活燃煤3个来源,PM2.5中元素有地壳源、电厂及居民生活燃煤、金属冶炼等工业活动、机动车尾气4个来源,PM10中元素有化石燃料燃烧和地壳源、与机动车相关的道路扬尘及工业尘、垃圾焚烧及机动车排放与磨损、燃煤活动4个来源。 相似文献
4.
鲁西南平原区大气干湿沉降元素输入通量及来源浅析:以巨野县为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《物探与化探》2020,(4)
大气干湿沉降是农耕区表层土壤中某些元素的主要输入途径,其沉降物质中的重金属等元素对土壤环境质量有着很大的影响。对山东省巨野县大气干湿沉降的调查研究发现,随着近年来区内煤炭开采和化工工业的快速发展,区内大气干湿沉降物质总量有明显升高,显著高于我国其他一些地区。同时,区内重金属元素沉降通量也较高,其中Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni可达我国其他地区的2～3倍。大气沉降物质中Cd、Pb、Hg等的富集程度较高,其富集因子(EF)的高值区与煤炭开采和煤炭化工排放源分布吻合,说明工业区大气干湿沉降是Cd、Pb、Hg等重金属污染元素进入土壤环境的重要途径,工矿业活动对区内大气干湿沉降的增加有重要影响。此外,富集因子显示燃煤尘是大气沉降物及当地土壤S、Se的主要来源,而大气沉降物中Ni、Cr、As主要源自土壤扬尘,Ca和Mg与区内石材开采或水泥制造密切相关。 相似文献
5.
典型城市环境空气中总悬浮颗粒物源项分析实例研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用回归分析和假设检验结合的方法,分采暖期和非采暖期对吉林省4个典型城市环境空气中总悬浮颗粒物和各类污染源中的无机组分进行了研究。结果表明:受体与污染源具有同源性。在采暖期,吉林市、白城市、通化市和四平市大气污染的主要来源是道路尘和土壤风沙尘,而建筑尘和煤灰对空气质量的影响较小;在非采暖期,4个城市的主要污染源分别是道路尘、土壤风沙尘和扬尘,而煤灰和建筑尘对4个城市空气质量的污染较小。研究结果有利于制定相应的大气颗粒物污染防治规划,以便提高污染防治的针对性、科学性和有效性,为大气污染防治规划提供科学依据。 相似文献
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7.
《物探与化探》2016,(1)
为查明济南市近地表大气降尘中元素的含量特征及污染来源,评价环境质量,在济南市城区范围内采集400件大气降尘样品。分析结果表明:大气降尘中As、F、Ni的平均含量分别为9.5×10-6、512×10-6、26.0×10-6,略低于济南市城市土壤背景值;而Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Se、Zn、Ca O含量均值分别为0.33×10-6、101×10-6、191×10-9、38.0×10-6、0.79×10-6、119.0×10-6、13.31%,明显高于城市土壤背景值。相关分析和主成分分析结果说明,大气降尘中Cd、Pb、Zn、Se可能来源于燃煤,Cr、Ni来源于土壤粉尘,Ca O、As来源于建筑尘,F主要来源于汽车尾气排放,Hg则受燃煤、冶炼及交通等因素影响。大气降尘中重金属Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、As、Hg地累积指数变化范围分别为-2.46~4.53、-1.81~2.75、-2.02~3.48、-2.38~3.48、-2.95~1.96、-3.45~2.58及-3.04~6.87,污染程度排序依次为HgCdZnPbCrAsNi。 相似文献
8.
基于层次聚类法和主成分分析法的铜陵市大气降尘污染元素来源解析研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文采用层次聚类法和主成分分析法对有色金属矿山城市-铜陵市的大气降尘中污染元素,主要是重金属元素的来源进行了识别,并分析了各来源所占的比例。结果显示,铜陵市大气降尘中污染物主要来源于冶金和采矿,其次为燃煤、交通和土壤扬尘等,其贡献率分别为冶金源+采矿源43.29%,燃煤源32.23%,交通源和土壤源10.53%,其他源13.94%。因此,优先控制冶金尘、采矿尘和燃煤尘,可以有效降低铜陵市大气降尘中污染元素的含量。 相似文献
9.
南京市大气降尘重金属含量特征及来源研究 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
文中对南京市大气降尘重金属含量水平进行了研究,从2006年12月起连续收集一年的大气降尘样品,分析了As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Se、Zn等11个元素。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,南京市大气降尘中除Cr、Fe、Mn外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对降尘重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有三种主要来源:一是As、Cu、Hg、Pb、Se与燃煤活动、汽车尾气排放有关。二是Cd、Ni、Zn、Mo可能与化学工业有关,但Mo还受工业活动、土壤颗粒物的影响。分析还表明,在化工业园附近的样点,这些元素含量普遍较高。三是Mn、Cr主要与土壤颗粒物有关(自然来源)。以Fe作为参考元素计算重金属的富集因子表明,自然来源的Cr、Mn具有较小的富集因子,而受工业活动影响的Cd、Pb、Se、Zn具有较大的富集因子。 相似文献
10.
本文对石家庄市大气降尘重金属含量水平进行了研究,从2007年11月起连续收集一年的大气降尘样品,分析了As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni、Mo、Mn、Al2O3、K2O等12项。结果表明,与土壤背景值相比,石家庄市大气降尘中除Al2O3外的重金属含量总体明显升高。采用相关分析和主成分分析,对降尘重金属元素来源进行解析,认为有3种主要来源:一是Pb、Cr、As、Hg、Mo、Cd、Mn与燃煤活动、道路交通有关;二是Ni、Cu、Zn除与燃煤活动有关外,还与工矿企业废气排放有关;三是Al2O3主要与土壤颗粒物有关(自然来源)。以Al作为参考元素计算重金属的富集因子表明,受工业活动影响的Cd、Hg、Zn具有较大的富集因子,大气降尘中的重金属含量高值区与工业区域的分布相吻合。 相似文献
11.
Dominik Weiss William ShotykJack Rieley Susan PageMarlies Gloor Steve ReeseAntonio Martinez-Cortizas 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2002,66(13):2307-2323
Biogeochemical processes in a forested tropical peat deposit and its record of past atmospheric dust deposition were assessed using the vertical distribution of lithophilic and plant essential elements in a dated core profile from Borneo, SE Asia. Peat formation started ∼22,120 14C yr before present (BP), and Ca/Mg mass ratios of the solid peat and very low ash contents indicate a strongly ombrotrophic character throughout the deposit, implying that most of the inorganic fraction has been supplied exclusively by atmospheric inputs. Concentration profiles of Mn, Sr, and Ca suggest a very minor influence of chemical diagenesis in the underlying sediments. Silicon, Ca, Mg, P, S, and K show a strong and extended zone of enrichment in the top 200 cm of the profile, indicating that biological accumulation mechanisms are much more extensive than in temperate peat bogs.In the lower core sections, where the element distribution is dominated solely by past atmospheric deposition, average Al/Ti ratios are similar to the upper continental crust (UCC), whereas Fe is slightly enriched and Si is strongly depleted: this condition favors highly weathered tropical soil dust as the main inorganic mineral source. Significant correlation of Al, Fe, Si, S, Ca, and Ti with the lithophilic elements Y and Zr suggests that the distribution of these elements is controlled by sources of atmospheric mineral dust. The Ca/Mg, Ca/K, and Mg/K ratios of the collected rainwater samples are similar to the global average of continental rainwater and suggest a continental character for the site. This is supported by the similarity of the average concentration of Br, Mg, Ca, and S to that in temperate continental and maritime bogs in Switzerland and Scotland.The concentration profiles of Si, Fe, Al, and Ti show distinct peaks within the profile, implying enhanced dust deposition, reduced rates of peat accumulation, or possibly both owing to climatic changes during the Holocene. Enhanced dust deposition between ∼10,830 and 9060 14C yr BP is tentatively interpreted as a Younger Dryas-like event with dust fluxes of ∼10.8 mg/m2/yr. The variations in Al/Ti and Fe/Ti profiles suggest that mineral dust sources have been changing constantly during the Holocene, with local sources being dominant between ∼7820 and 9500 14C yr BP and long-range transport (derived most likely from China) being important during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene and from ∼7820 14C yr BP to the present. 相似文献
12.
Heavy metals contamination in road dust in Delhi city,India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
B. S. Rajaram P. V. Suryawanshi A. D. Bhanarkar C. V. C. Rao 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(10):3929-3938
Road dust samples were collected from four different areas having different landuse patterns: industrial, heavy traffic, residential and mixed use in Delhi city of India. The samples were analyzed for Ba, Co, Cr, Cu Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn by ICP-AES. Results indicate high levels of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn and Ni in samples collected from industrial area. Ba, Pb and Zn showed higher concentration levels in heavy traffic area while Fe did not show any discernible variation between the localities. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ba, Zn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co showed a decreasing trend. The content of heavy metals was comparable to those in other cities in the world. A multivariate statistical approach which includes Pearson’s correlations and principal component analysis was used to identify the possible sources of metals in the road dust. Enrichment factors were estimated for further confirming the sources of contamination. Significant positively correlations between road dust metals Cu–Mn–Co–Cr–Ni suggest that major common source of origin is industrial activities. A meaningful correlation between Ba and Zn, and a moderate positive correlation between Pb and Ba indicate the influence of traffic activities. Enrichment factors calculation indicated that Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn are moderately enriched whereas Co, Ni and Mn are less enriched while Ba exhibited very low enrichment in the dust samples. The results indicate that industrial and vehicular traffic are the two major sources. Traffic appears to be responsible for the high levels of Zn, Cu and Ba. High concentration of Co, Cr, Cu and Mn may be due to industrial sources. 相似文献
13.
Sajjad Abbasi Behnam Keshavarzi Farid Moore Hossein Delshab Naghmeh Soltani Armin Sorooshian 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(23):798
This study aimed to (1) investigate microrubbers (MRs) for the first time and identify microplastics (MPs) in street dust, (2) determine the physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics and morphology of dust particles, (3) understand the concentration and the possible source(s) of heavy metals/metalloids, (4) identify the chemical speciation and mobility potential of trace metals in urban street dusts, and (5) determine adverse health effects of street dust on children and adults living in the city of Bushehr in southwestern Iran. Generally, twenty four street dust samples were collected and analyzed. Calculated enrichment factors indicate high levels of contamination. Statistical analysis reveals that the two main sources of trace elements include road traffic emissions (Cu, Zn, Sb, Hg, Pb, Mo) and re-suspended soil particles (Al, Mn, Ni, Ti, Cd, Co). BCR sequential extraction results indicated that As, Zn, Cu, and Pb mainly occur in the exchangeable fraction and hence are highly bioavailable. X-ray powder diffraction analysis revealed the presence of calcite, dolomite, quartz, and magnetite. The size distribution of dust particles was also investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while elemental distribution was analyzed using an attached energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM–EDS) unit. Dust particles from heavy traffic areas are much finer compared with other investigated areas. MPs and MRs, mostly fibers and fragments, were detected in all samples [ranging from 210 to 1658 (MPs) and 44 to 782 (MRs) items/10 g dust] using fluorescence microscopy. The hazard index for As is higher than 10?4 for children and adults indicative of high risk. According to the calculated potential ecological risk index, Hg indicated moderate ecological risk in the street dust of the study area. 相似文献
14.
Determination of the origin of heavy metals in the household dust and street sediment in a previously heavily contaminated
area was carried out. The main question addressed was the origin of heavy metals in dry and wet air deposits measured in the
environmental monitoring programme of the community of Celje. There are two possible sources: present atmospheric emissions
by industries in Celje and dusting of previously heavily contaminated soil. Determination of the present emissions was done
on the basis of a method based on enrichment factor calculations. Samples of soil, street sediment and household dust in the
contaminated area and in a non-contaminated sampling point were analysed. Expected heavy metal concentrations in household
dust and street sediment in the previously heavily polluted area according to the level of measured soil contamination were
calculated. Expected and measured values were compared to detect possible present atmospheric emissions. The data show higher
enrichment with elements related to ironworking activities (Fe, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni) in household dust and street sediment, according
to the concentrations in the soil in the vicinity of ironworks in comparison to the reference point. Similar observations
can be made at the sampling point, east of a factory producing TiO2-based white pigment for Ti, because emissions from it are expected. In contrast, the same trend is not observed for elements
related to pollution problems in Celje (Cd, Zn, Pb). This indicated that street sediment and household dust might be a good
tracer of present atmospheric emissions, despite the fact that the environment was previously highly contaminated. The method
yields good results, which fit very well with expectations. 相似文献
15.
铅同位素示踪在大气降尘重金属污染来源解析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了分析大气降尘中铅的污染来源,解析各污染源对大气降尘铅的相对贡献值,在厦门市不同功能区采集了29个大气降尘样品。用热电质谱仪测定了大气降尘的总铅同位素组成,用ICP-MS测定样品酸可溶相铅同位素组成。结果表明,厦门市大气降尘铅同位素206Pb/207Pb值变化较大,为1.111 9~1.173 8;酸可溶相铅206Pb/207Pb值与福建土壤残渣相206Pb/207Pb值相差较大,表明厦门市大气降尘受人类活动来源铅的影响较大;酸可溶相铅206Pb/207Pb值明显小于总量铅206Pb/207Pb值。铅同位素示踪表明,厦门市大气降尘铅主要来源是燃煤,其次是自然来源和汽车尾气。三元混合模型分析表明,燃煤、自然来源、汽车尾气对厦门市大气降尘总量铅的贡献率分别为48.57%、20.29%、31.14%。 相似文献
16.
甘肃嘉峪关市表层土壤重金属空间分布与评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为研究嘉峪关市重金属分布对环境的影响,分析了嘉峪关市表层土壤重金属分布和含量变化,并评价其富集程度,判断其来源和影响因素。采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）测量嘉峪关市134个表层土壤样品中六种重金属元素（Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Ni、Zn）的含量,其平均含量分别为281.6 mg/kg、0.35 mg/kg、60.68 mg/kg、51.39 mg/kg、108.65 mg/kg、161.0 mg/kg。在土壤重金属含量空间分布的基础上,用内梅罗指数法和地累积指数法对研究区土壤重金属富集程度进行了评价,六种元素地累积指数排序依次为: Cr > Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Ni,各功能区重金属元素整体富集程度依次为工业区 > 戈壁 > 生活区 > 农业区。戈壁采样点重金属元素含量（除Ni外）高于农业区,除工业因素外,地表植被的缺失加剧了戈壁地区重金属元素的富集。结合主成分分析,重金属元素空间展布,及内梅罗指数评价和地累积指数评价,分析了各元素可能的来源,认为Cr、Zn主要来自以钢铁生产加工为主的工业源,Cd、Cu、Pb来自于交通源,Ni可能与钢铁生产或当地背景值有关。通过分析嘉峪关市土壤重金属分布情况,以期为改善当地土壤质量提供科学依据,为我国西北地区土壤重金属的研究提供参考。 相似文献
17.
为科学认识淄博市区大气颗粒物污染状况,探讨颗粒物的污染水平和元素在颗粒物中的分布与分配特征,对颗粒物中元素的来源进行分析。于2015年冬季和夏季期间分别布设45个和16个采样点采集悬浮颗粒物（TSP）、PM10及PM2.5样品,分析了颗粒物和18种元素（或化合物）的质量浓度。结果表明：1）大气颗粒物中冬季TSP、PM10及PM2.5的质量浓度均值高于夏季;PM10和PM2.5质量浓度均超过国家标准,其中冬季PM2.5质量浓度是标准限值的1.96倍。2）不同粒径的颗粒物中元素质量分数差别显著,As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等多数重金属元素主要富集在PM2.5中,且PM2.5约占PM10的65%（冬季）和73%（夏季）。3）颗粒物PM2.5中Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3、K2O、MgO等氧化物主要受土壤扬尘控制;As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Se、Zn等元素主要源于人为污染;Se的富集因子最高,反映了PM2.5污染主要来源于燃煤;Co、Cu、Ni、Na2O受土壤扬尘和人类活动的共同作用,而Cr具有混合污染的特点。 相似文献