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雄安新区蓟县系雾迷山组热储层中具有丰富的中低温地热资源,研究其地热流体水文地球化学特征可分析地热资源的形成机制,对推动雄安新区深部地热资源有效开发利用具有重要意义.太行山区雾迷山组为基岩裸露区,雄安新区雾迷山组基底埋藏较深,两个系统的地热流体经历不同的水岩相互作用,导致水化学特征有一定差异.通过对保定以西太行山区-雄安新区共26组蓟县系雾迷山组地热流体样品的水化学及同位素数据进行分析,研究地热流体的补给来源及经历的深部地热循环过程.太行山区雾迷山组流体水化学类型以HCO3-Ca·Mg型为主,雄安新区以Cl·HCO3-Na型为主.地热流体均来源于大气降水,通过断裂、裂隙等通道入渗,在长距离运移过程中伴随有矿物的沉淀和溶解现象,水岩相互作用逐渐增强.深部热循环深度为2 880.26~4 143.42 m,均值为3 700 m,深部热储温度为160℃左右;地热流体在深部通过断裂上升过程中,由于传导冷却、冷水混入及深部热源通过结晶基底的热传导作用,在750~2 100 m的凸起处雾迷山组碳酸盐岩地层中封闭聚集形成热储层,热储平均温度为70℃左右,属于对流-传导型地热系统. 相似文献
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地热田成因机制的研究是地热田资源量精细评价与有效开发的依据.在综合前人研究成果与最新地热钻井资料的基础上,通过对太原盆地岩溶热储地热系统的"源、储、通、盖"主要因素分析,建立了西温庄地热田形成的概念模型,并精细评价了地热资源量.西温庄地热田是一个在非对称性裂谷盆地的高大地热流值背景下,来自东、西山奥陶系岩溶储层裸露区的大气降水,沿着岩溶不整合面和断裂这个运移通道,从东山和西山双向补给,经盆地边界断裂进入盆地深部热储,吸热、增温后逐步在盆地中部西温庄隆起的碳酸盐岩岩溶储集层中富集、承压而形成的中低温传导型地热系统.西温庄地热田的岩溶地热系统具有封盖性能好、主力储集层段多、补给速度较快、盖层地温梯度较高等特征.表现为奥陶系岩溶热储上覆盖层包括石炭系、二叠系、三叠系与第四系,顶面埋深800~1 700 m;从上至下依次发育了峰峰组下段-上马家沟组上段、上马家沟组下段、下马家沟组上段和亮甲山组4套主力含水层段,热储层平均有效厚度累计184.6 m;地热水从补给区至盆地承压区的运移时间约2 000 a;奥陶系热储上覆岩层的平均地温梯度为3.0~4.0℃/100 m,地热水温度范围为55~75℃.西温庄地热田奥陶系岩溶热储的地热资源量精细评价结果表明,热储总量合计33.53×108 GJ,折合标煤1.14×108 t.年开采地热资源量可满足607×104m2的供暖面积,开发潜力巨大. 相似文献
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北京市顺义区后沙峪镇金泰花园别墅地热井(顺后热-9井)位于北京后沙峪地热田的西南部,西北侧的黄庄-高丽营断裂、东南侧的顺义断裂及西南侧的沙子营-孙河断裂构成了该区的导热、导水通道,第四系及侏罗系构成了该区主要的热储盖层,奥陶系为该区理想热储层位.顺后热-9地热井井深2 804.00m,降深114.34m时,出水量1 538.52m3/d,出水温度78℃.井水化学类型为SO4.HCO3-Na Ca型水,属于微咸、中性、硬水,为氟、硅酸、锶型温泉水,为优质的医疗矿泉水.经估算,当开采地热水量800m3/d时,热水井的保护距离为885.48m. 相似文献
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西藏谷露地热田于2020年成功揭露到189.2℃的高温地热资源,研究谷露地热田地热地质特征,对西藏地热资源勘查开发和揭示高温地热系统成因机理都具有重要的科学与指导意义.本文以构造地质调查为基础,结合最新物探、钻探、水文资料,通过解析构造-水-热循环系统内在联系,总结构造控热规律,并建立了谷露地热田地热系统概念模型.谷露地热田内主要发育N-S向（F1、F3）、E-W向（F2、F4）和NE向3组断裂.大气降水与冰山融水沿盆地西侧九子拉-桑雄断裂下渗,经深循环加热以盆地西缘F1断裂为导热通道向上运移,由于受到南北两侧F2、F4断裂的阻隔作用,热水在F1和F3断裂组成的“Y”字型断裂系统内汇聚集中,形成热储,并在地表沿NE向和N-S向断裂构成的通道系统中运移排泄;盆地基底花岗岩之上覆盖的泉胶砾岩层对热储起到了良好的隔水保温作用;热田内第四系沉积很薄,热储主要赋存于基岩裂隙中,为基岩裂隙型热储.F1与F3构成的“Y”字型断裂系统是热储赋存的主要场所,谷露地热田地热资源勘查开发要以这两条断裂为重点勘查目标. 相似文献
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大民屯凹陷是新生代陆相凹陷盆地,其地层、构造、岩浆岩等地质背景具备传导性地热的良好成矿条件,热源主要为幔源热,储热层为沙河街组砂砾岩层段层状热储,盖层为第四系、新近系馆陶组、明化镇组和部分古近系东营组泥岩段地层.凹陷内基底断层及多期次级断裂形成了地热田良好的导热和导水通道.新近系平均地温梯度2.9℃/100 m,古近系平均地温梯度3.18℃/100 m,一定深度下的地下热水可以达到理想温度,具备地热开发条件. 相似文献
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地热系统内部地质要素特征分析是建立其成因模式的基础,也是后期研究地热资源赋存特征和资源量评价的依据。结合前人研究成果和区内地热钻井资料,通过对冀中坳陷束鹿凹陷地热系统“源、储、通、盖”主要地质要素分析,建立了其概念模型,并开展了地热资源量评价。束鹿凹陷为一新生代发育在渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷内的典型的箕状凹陷,接受可能来自于其下深部地壳结构约20 km处低阻体的热源供给。新近系馆陶组砂岩热储和奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储分别构成了两套独立的地热系统。其中,馆陶组砂岩热储全区稳定分布,底板埋深介于1100~2000 m,储层厚度约为200~320 m,孔隙度约在15%~35%之间,渗透率最高可达1200 mD,热储底板温度在57~78℃;奥陶系碳酸盐岩热储受箕状凹陷边界断裂的控制呈单斜状倾伏,埋深1800~6000 m,储层厚度100~550 m,孔隙度2%~18%,渗透率0.5~50 mD,地热水井口温度在75~92℃。两套地热系统由西边太行山的大气降水沿着地层不整合面和断裂运移通道进行补给,通过深部热传导和局部热对流增温后,在储层中富集形成地热水。上覆松散的第四系沉积和明化镇组河流相碎屑岩沉积厚300~1400 m,热导率0.9~1.8 W/(m·K),构成了良好的区域盖层。束鹿凹陷地热资源量评价结果表明,馆陶组砂岩地热系统含244.430×108 GJ,奥陶系岩溶地热系统
含203.752×108 GJ,总量合计448.182×108 GJ,折合标煤15.296×108 t。年开采地热资源量满足的供暖面积可达1.106×108 m2,开发潜力巨大。 相似文献
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北京大学医学部位于京西隆起地区,处于八宝山断裂和黄庄-高丽营断裂之间,断裂构造较为复杂,加之周边地热井距离较远,在该区进行地热资源勘查有一定的风险。北京大学医学部地热勘查的成功,对于评价本区的热储盖层、热储层、地热增温率和热储构造等地热地质条件起到了积极作用。查明了该区涌水量一般大于1000m~3/d、出水温度大于50℃、水化学类型为重碳酸钙镁型、热矿水类型为氟型淡温泉水;该区热储盖层地热增温率不是十分理想,但厚度较大也能起到保温作用,出水温度较为理想,但成井深度偏大。同时在研究区发现了一条F1断裂,分析认为是黄庄-高丽营断裂的次级断裂,其与主断裂基本同时形成,逐级下掉,共同组成了构造分区断裂。 相似文献
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研究区内沉积较厚的新近系砂泥岩、三叠系碳酸盐岩层,未见地热异常现象,但周边局部地区沿断裂附近有温泉出露。采用钻探手段探查蒙自坝区内地热地质特征,对坝区地热地质条件、热储赋存特征进行分析研究。结果表明:区内三叠系个旧组、永宁镇组为两个热储含水层,坝区东西两侧分布近南北向通海-个旧、蒙自-屏边区域性断裂为导热通道,热水化学类型HCO_3—Ca型,水中F~-、Sr元素含量较高,为具有医疗价值热矿水;坝区赋存中低温对流型地热资源热矿水。 相似文献
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云南景洪盆地地热地质特征及成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
景洪盆地隶属滇藏地热带之滇西中-高温地热区,区内岩浆岩分布较为广泛,活动性断裂较为发育,拥有形成地热的良好地质条件。研究表明,以澜沧江断裂（F1）为界,盆地内可划分出嘎洒-曼达-曼迈和曼贺蚌-曼养广东西两个地热田。西部地热田的热储层为临沧-勐海花岗岩体,东部热储层为南联山杂岩体。大气降水的入渗补给为地热水提供了丰富的水... 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献