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利用遥感地表参数分析上海市的热岛效应及治理对策 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18
从NOAA-AVHRR数据提取出晴空状况下上海市的地表反照率、地表温度和植被指数参数，分析了冬夏两季遥感地表参数所反映的热岛效应变化。发现在冬夏两季的白天和夜晚都存在明显的城市热岛效应，在冬季夜晚的热岛效应比白天强，而在夏季夜晚的热岛效应比白天弱。这是由于下垫面的差异，导致白天城区地表温度大大超过郊区。城区的地表反照率和植被指数始终小于郊区。进一步的相关分析表明，夏季城市的地表温度与植被指数、地表反照率存在显著的负相关，相关系数分别为-0．975、-0．712。通过提高植被覆盖率和地表反照率，可以减小城市热岛效应。 相似文献
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MODIS反照率产品在模拟黄河源区陆面过程和降水中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
地表反照率是陆面过程中一个重要的物理量, 其变化直接影响地表能量的收支状况, 进而可以影响气温和降水等其它气象要素。本文利用WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) 模式, 通过两组数值模拟试验分别探讨了地表反照率改变在黄河源区不同下垫面情况下潜热、 感热的分配关系, 详细分析了地表反照率改变对降水变化的影响机制, 最后应用EOS/MODIS地表反照率产品替代原模式低时空分辨率的地表反照率。研究结果表明: (1)当地表反照率减少(增加)时, 模拟的区域平均地表温度、感热、潜热数值相应增大(减少)。当地表反照率减少0.1时, 地表温度上升约1.0 K, 感热和潜热量增量比约为3∶1。 (2) 地表反照率改变对降水量变化影响最大的区域是黄河源区下游的草场区域, 其次是黄河源头区域, 最小的是黄河源区北部的稀疏植被区域。地表反照率通过对大气动力、 热力以及水汽条件的影响, 使得降水发生的环境改变, 主要体现在: 当地表反照率减少时, 地表气压的减少使得大气低层的辐合气流增强, 有利于上升运动的发生; 2.0 m气温的升高增强了大气近地层的热力不稳定度; 2.0 m比湿的增加表明近地层空气水汽含量增加。 (3) 与实况对比分析发现, 使用卫星遥感产品后在月尺度上能够更准确地模拟降水量的变化过程。 相似文献
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利用MODIS卫星资料反演中国地区晴空地表短波反照率及其特征分析 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
利用MODIS地表双向反照率产品(MOD43B1),结合地表海拔高度和地表覆盖类型资料,计算并分析了中国地区晴空反照率的时空分布,以及地表反照率与地形和地表覆盖的关系.首先,利用改则自动气象站的地基观测对MODIS地表反照率进行了对比验证.验证结果表明卫星观测可以较好地反映反照率随时间的变化,MODIS地表反照率与地表实测反照率符合较好.年平均地表反照率与海拔高度有很好的相关,反照率的高值出现在高海拔山区.冬春季节,我国高海拔山区因积雪覆盖成为反照率的高值区;夏秋季节,地表反照率主要受地表土壤湿度和植被盖度的影响,沙地和沙漠地带反照率最高.最后,计算了中国典型地表类型的反照率随时间的变化,结果表明大部分地表类型的反照率具有较大的时间变化,地表反照率在春秋季节较大,夏季反照率较小. 相似文献
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青藏高原GLASS地表反照率产品精度分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用2003年青藏高原3个站点的地表反照率观测结果,对比分析了GLASS(Global LAnd Surface Satellites)地表反照率1 km×1 km分辨率产品的精度,结果表明,GLASS黑空反照率、白空反照率与地表反照率地面观测结果的总体变化趋势基本一致,能够有效地反映实际地表状态的变化;局地积雪和云覆盖对GLASS地表反照率产品的精度影响较大,云覆盖导致GLASS地表反照率可能比实际地表反照率高;消除云覆盖和局地积雪的影响后,GLASS黑空反照率、白空反照率与地表反照率地面观测结果的均方根误差显著降低,分别为0.0155和0.0190。 相似文献
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基于SCIATRAN模型的二氧化氮DOAS 反演敏感性试验 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
气溶胶和地表反照率是影响星载SCIAMACHY仪器观测数据定量遥感NO2大气柱总量的2个主要因子.文中利用高光谱分辨率大气辐射传输模型SCIATRAN,在考虑分子吸收和气溶胶多次散射影响基础上,精确模拟了气溶胶、地表反照率和NO2气体浓度变化对差分处理前后卫星反射光谱的影响,并定义影响因子f,对3个模拟参数进行综合评价.结果表明:(1)通过剔除卫星反射光谱中慢变光谱变化成分,DOAS方法明显降低了气溶胶和地表反照率对卫星反射光谱的影响;(2)差分处理前,3个模拟参数的影响强弱依次为地表反照率、气溶胶和NO2浓度;而差分处理后,3个模拟参数的影响强弱依次为NO2浓度、地表反照率和气溶胶.在影响趋势上,气溶胶和地表反照率很相似,均体现为宽带效应,在440-450 nm内有水汽强吸收和多次散射复杂相互作用导致的较大峰值;NO2浓度变化对差分处理前后的光谱都呈现气体吸收结构的影响特性;(3)由于吸收和散射相互作用等因素的影响,在基于卫星观测的差分光谱中仍然残留有气溶胶和地表反照率的误差,地表反照率约占18.6%,气溶胶约占6.2%.因此,当前SCIAMACHY遥感的NO2产品在中国区域浓度偏高,需要对气溶胶和地表反照率进行二次精细化的订正. 相似文献
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本文在利用NOAA/AVHRR数据反演得到1982～2000年青藏高原地区地表反照率时空分布的基础上,分析了地表反照率的时空变化及其与温度和降水之间的关系,得到地表反照率与温度和降水之间的统计方程,并用此方程计算了青藏高原地区地表反照率的时空分布。研究结果表明：青藏高原地区年均地表反照率的分布与高原自然地理带的分布特征大致吻合;地表反照率与温度和降水均有较好的相关性,相关性因下垫面植被类型的不同而有较大的差异,滞后1个月的温度和滞后2个月的降水的综合作用与地表反照率的相关性最好;月均地表反照率与温度和降水之间的二元曲线回归方程可以比较好的统计回归计算出青藏高原地区地表反照率的空间分布,该模型的系统偏差比较小,回归计算的效果比较好。 相似文献
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应用MODIS地表反照率产品MCD43C3,结合青藏高原自然带数据、积雪覆盖率和植被指数数据,采用一元线性回归方法分析了2000~2016年青藏高原地表反照率的分布及变化特征,结果表明:1）高原地表反照率空间分布差异大,整体上东南部低、西北部高,受地形和地表覆盖影响较大。2）高原地表反照率四季的空间分布变化明显,高海拔山脉和高寒灌丛草甸是高原地表反照率年内和年际变化的敏感地区。3）高原地表反照率年变化介于0.19~0.26,一定程度上表现为“双峰单谷”型,与地表覆盖类型的季节变化密切相关。4）高原地表反照率年际变化整体呈缓慢波动减小的趋势,平均变率约为－0.4×10-3 a-1,减小的区域约占高原总面积的66%,川西 —藏东针叶林带的西南部地区减小得最快,减小速率超过1.0×10-2 a-1。5）高原地表反照率减小与冰川消融和积雪减少密切相关,高原植被覆盖改善也是一个重要因素。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
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《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献