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1.
利用常规观测资料、ERA(0.25°×0.25°)再分析资料、通辽多普勒雷达（CINRAD/CB型）探测资料和卫星云图（FY-4A）资料,对2022年6月20日通辽市冰雹天气进行成因分析。结果表明：500 hPa冷涡底部短波扰动和低层低涡切变环境中雹暴云团发展,低层适当的水汽条件、较大的对流有效位能、中高层干冷空气叠加在低层暖湿空气上形成了对流不稳定层结、较强垂直风切变和地面干线的触发作用下不稳定能量释放。对流有效位能（CAPE）、K指数、SI、总指数（TT）等参数均达到强对流天气阈值。两个尺度较小的雹暴云团均沿着环境引导气流方向自西北向东南移动。反射率因子剖面图上,呈中高层回波悬垂,低层弱回波区、回波墙、假尖顶回波等特征。移动较快的“W”形弓形回波有明显的前侧入流缺口和后侧入流缺口。前侧入流缺口有强的上升气流,有利于冰雹的增长,后侧入流缺口表明有强的下沉气流,可能引起雷暴大风。垂直累计液态水含量跃增并维持较高值。雷达产品特征均较好地反映发生冰雹天气。 相似文献
2.
江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气的中尺度特征分析 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
利用常规气象资料、卫星、多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达等资料,对发生在江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气形势背景、环境热动力条件、强冰雹发生前地区环境场变化、超级单体雷达回波中尺度特征等进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)在东北冷涡槽后干冷气流影响下,中高层干冷、低层暖湿的不稳定层结,高低空急流以及地面辐合系统的配置为此次强对流天气的产生提供了有利热动力条件;高CAPE值、逆温层、低层适当水汽条件及较强的深层垂直风切变有利于强冰雹天气的发生。(2)利用多普勒天气雷达、风廓线仪数据反演垂直分布的物理量场(平均散度、平均垂直速度、相对风暴螺旋度、垂直风切变)能够反映本站上空环境场的快速变化情况:强对流系统移入本站前雷达站上空逐渐调整为低层辐合、中高层辐散的风场配置结构,螺旋度和垂直风切变数值逐渐增加,表明环境场有利于强对流系统的维持发展。(3)强降雹超级单体除具有三体散射现象、入流缺口等雷达回波中尺度特征外,持久深厚的中气旋存在造成了显著的有界弱回波区和高悬垂强回波区。应用双多普勒雷达风场反演技术揭示了超级单体内部环流结构:低层气旋性旋转,中层旋转加强,高层风场辐散。超级单体内部涡旋特征的出现和维持有利于支撑空中大冰雹的增长。 相似文献
3.
2012年5月23日午后到夜间喀什地区8县市19个乡镇发生了有气象记录以来罕见的大范围冰雹天气过程。本文利用常规观测资料和新疆喀什多普勒天气雷达资料,分析了冰雹发生的中尺度天气特征。结果表明：对流系统为中-γ尺度,下垫面热力不均匀和水汽分布不均匀是此次强对流天气发生的主要原因。冰雹天气热力作用显著,热力参数CAPE和LI值的高低中心与冰雹天气的发生区域对应较好,且CAPE（LI）随时间增大（减小）;弱的垂直风切变、垂直涡度与倾斜涡度发展是造成大范围雹暴的层结特征;线性多单体风暴、低层弱回波区、低层反射率因子高梯度区是主要回波特征,VIL的跃增对新疆喀什冰雹的临近预报有一定指示意义。 相似文献
4.
利用TBB资料、NCEP再分析资料、自动气象站资料及多普勒雷达等多种资料,对比分析了2006年初夏和盛夏两次强对流冰雹天气过程的环境场条件和中尺度系统的演变。结果表明,强的不稳定层结和一定的外部抬升力条件是产生强对流天气的共同物理量特征;高层暖、中层冷、低层暖的三层温度平流中心所叠置的区域与降雹区有较好的对应关系,对流层低层的逆温层(干暖盖)更有利于深厚对流活动的产生;适宜的0℃层和-20℃层高度有利于雹粒的增长。流场的尺度分离能够分辨出产生强对流冰雹天气的中尺度系统;地面能量场上表现有中尺度的Ω系统。初夏过程以冰雹、强风为主,盛夏过程冰雹、强降水比较突出;移速快、膨胀迅速的云团易产生冰雹和强风,而移速缓慢、对流合并显著的云团易出现强降水和冰雹。强回波伸展高度越高,入流显著、上升气流强盛的对流系统产生的天气愈剧烈,愈易出现大冰雹。 相似文献
5.
利用自动站、FY-2E卫星、地闪及1°×1°NCEP再分析气象资料对春季两次南支槽影响下云南飑线雹暴中尺度特征及环境条件进行分析。结果表明:南支槽前的高低空偏西急流不仅为强对流雹暴提供水汽条件,而且相互耦合加强上升运动为强对流雹暴提供动量条件,雹暴发生在500 h Pa和700 h Pa南支槽前的偏西急流耦合区内;高空深厚强急流带和强垂直风切变导致中高层强斜压性加大而加强上升运动促使雹暴发展,且中低层强垂直风切变影响雹暴的组织和发展,雹暴发生在中低层垂直风切变大于等于3×10~(-3)s~(-1)的区域;青藏高原500 h Pa低槽东南移引导北方冷空气南下,形成中层冷空气入侵和低层暖脊控制的上冷下暖大气强烈不稳定,为强对流雹暴发生发展提供重要的对流不稳定条件,雹暴发生在850 h Pa与500 h Pa温差T_((850-500))≥27 K的强烈不稳定区域内;上冷下暖的强烈不稳定和强烈垂直风切变导致南支槽对流积状云形成,后侧中层冷平流侵入和高空急流动量下传作用进一步发展形成逗点状对流云系和弓形飑线,而偏西急流强弱和强垂直风切变大小是导致两次飑线雹暴发展差异的直接原因。 相似文献
6.
浙中一次强对流天气动力热力场和雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP再分析资料、常规气象观测和区域自动站观测资料、闪电及多普勒雷达天气资料,对2013年5月29日浙中局地强对流天气过程的环境场、触发机制和雷达回波特征进行了分析。结果表明：局地强对流天气是在东北冷涡背景下产生的;高空冷平流南侵、低层暖平流北上,有利于大气对流不稳定度进一步加大;在热力不稳定能量增长储存条件下,冷空气、地面辐合线与中低层切变线是强对流天气的重要触发机制,地面辐合线对强对流天气还具有组织作用;沿等熵面移动的较大位涡有利于超级单体风暴的发生和发展;初夏0 ℃层高度偏高,但在满足强烈位势不稳定、中等风垂直切变以及低层充足水汽条件下仍可以导致局地小冰雹的产生;地面大风过程是低空暖湿气流入流在快要进入上升气流区时受到上升气流区的抽吸作用而加速导致生成的;多个回波强核被中气旋组织在一起,形成超级单体风暴造成了局地强风雹天气。 相似文献
7.
一次弓形回波结构和演变机制的观测分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
基于单多普勒天气雷达观测和双多普勒雷达反演风场,对2009年6月3日河南商丘发生的一次弓形回波的结构和演变机制进行细致分析。系统发生前的环境均具有中等对流有效位能和中等偏弱低空垂直风切变。雷达分析显示,该弓形回波从超级单体开始,经过风暴合并发展而成的经典弓形回波结构,生命史约3 h。在超级单体阶段,具有中纬度典型超级单体的低层钩状回波、中层有界弱回波区和中气旋结构。超级单体减弱后,因强降水拖曳和降水蒸发冷却,引起云内强的下沉运动,将云外干冷空气带到云内,形成中层后方入流,并在地面形成强冷池,触发干冷后向入流,回波逐渐演化成为弓形。弓形回波成熟阶段,风暴相对后向入流急流在对流区后部2 km高度加速下沉,系统前沿增强至20 m·s-1。在中层,系统后侧南北两端形成气旋和反气旋涡旋对,此中层涡旋对后向入流强度贡献约20%。在系统前缘低层（1.5 km）、出流边界附近,存在一气旋式涡旋。受后向入流急流和此低层涡旋的共同作用,在顶点附近产生超过32 m·s-1的最大地面相对风速。至减弱期,低层出流扩展至系统前方20 km,截断了低层暖湿入流,使其快速减弱。 相似文献
8.
“2012.4.11”两个强降雹超级单体特征分析 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
利用常规气象资料、自动站资料、新一代天气雷达和风廓线雷达等资料,对一次强对流天气过程中两个强风暴单体的形势背景、强对流发生条件、强风暴单体演变及结构特征、风暴异同点进行了详细分析。结果表明：（1）本次强对流过程是发生在强的垂直风切变条件下;高层冷平流降温减湿、低层暖平流增温增湿的对流不稳定层结,高CAPE值为强对流发生发展提供了必要的能量条件;上干下湿的水汽分布有利于冰雹、雷暴大风的产生;适宜的0℃、－20℃层高度使此次过程地面以降雹为主;地面倒槽低压、辐合线及低层锋区的南压是这次强对流天气的触发因子。（2）两个强降雹单体雷达回波共同特征是降大雹前均出现了三体散射长钉回波,弱回波区,回波强度强,VIL密度均大于4 kg·m－3,成熟阶段均右偏高空风约30°。（3）长生命史超级单体风暴Ⅱ的中气旋维持2个多小时,它保证了一支强上升气流支撑空中大冰雹的增长,维持了雷暴的持续发展,使其生命史长达近6 h,同时也存在前侧、后侧入流缺口,反映了上升气流与下沉气流共存的风暴动力特征,其高层辐散更强,移动路径东略偏南且移向稳定,平均右偏高空风约28°,移速均匀为14 m·s－1;超级单体风暴Ⅰ的中气旋维持时间仅十几分钟,且处于弱中气旋的下限,其高层辐散和上升气流更弱,风暴生命史更短,移动路径东略偏北,除成熟阶段外右偏高空风10°～20°。这些差异与产生风暴的环境条件如垂直风切变、垂直涡度等存在差异有密切关系。 相似文献
9.
青藏高原一次冰雹强对流天气过程的诊断及雷达回波特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用青藏高原第三次科学实验的C波段双偏振雷达（C-POL）的观测资料、ERA-Interim 0.125°（纬度）×0.125°（经度）气象再分析资料、常规气象探空资料,对2014年7月30日午后发生在西藏那曲地区的冰雹强对流天气过程进行了天气诊断及雷达回波特征分析。结果表明:1）此次冰雹强对流过程发生在有切变线伴随的高原低涡东移过程中,低涡尾部前倾的切变线为这次冰雹的发生提供了动力、水汽条件。2）强对流天气的水汽输送主要来自从孟加拉湾、印度及尼泊尔翻越喜马拉雅山脉的水汽,强对流发生前水汽输送显著增加,低层水汽集中在400 hPa以下,有明显的辐合及垂直输送。3）那曲400 hPa以下为假相当位温随高度递减区,也是水平辐合及垂直上升运动的重合区,有明显的对流不稳定能量集聚及动力抬升条件。4）雷达回波图上可看到,此次强对流天气主要由局地新生的多个中γ尺度孤立对流单体造成,其移动路径与切变线前西南气流一致。大部分单体水平尺度不大,生命史短,但仍有部分单体强度大,生命史较长。局地气流辐合扰动会导致新的单体产生,单体的发生、发展及维持离不开低层气流辐合提供的动力条件。5）在距离高度显示图上表现出了弱单体雹云特征,雹云云顶伸展至16 km,高于夏季平原地区普遍对流云高度,但未突破对流层顶,0℃层远低于平原地区,为深厚强对流降水;强降水中心位于云团下部,即有降雹也有降水,降雹以霰粒为主;垂直方向存在强烈的入流和上升气流,悬挂回波出现在入流上升气流之上,中层辐合区的气流下沉区对应降雹区;中层辐合区与上层的高空辐散区配合导致对流风暴的垂直增长和强烈发展。 相似文献
10.
《浙江气象》2019,(4)
利用常规观测资料、NCEP再分析资料和多普勒雷达资料对2015年浙西地区春季和盛夏发生的两次冰雹过程进行了对比研究。分析发现春季冰雹过程低层有涡切、干线和风场辐合线配合,天气系统影响明显,而盛夏冰雹过程主要是由午后的热对流产生。探空资料分析表明两次冰雹过程前大气均有很大的不稳定能量的积聚,春季降雹的0℃和-20℃层高度均比盛夏略偏低,但两次过程均在适宜范围;风矢端图显示春季过程比夏季过程的垂直风切变要显著且前者环境场较有利于产生多单体风暴,而后者更类似于产生普通单体风暴的环境场特征。春季过程低层的辐合上升和冷空气侵入为对流的发生提供了较好的动力触发条件,盛夏过程则以热力触发为主。雷达回波和垂直剖面特征显示,冰雹的强度和落区与最强回波强度和超过60 dBz强回波区域的移向一致。春季过程的对流风暴有强入流和出流特征,组织结构性较盛夏降雹风暴强是其过程持续时间长、强度大的重要原因。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
16.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
18.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
19.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献