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1.
高位池养殖南美白对虾与斑节对虾的对比试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
于2001年进行高位池养殖南美白对虾与斑节对虾的对比试验，结果表明，南美白对虾在生长速度，单位面积产量，产值、存活率，饵料系数和抗病能力等方面明显优于斑节对虾，适合于推广养殖。 相似文献
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作者以日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)、中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)和南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)作为实验材料,研究3种稀释液(天然海水,人工无钙海水,Hank’s平衡盐溶液)、3种抗冻剂(二甲基亚砜、丙二醇和丙三醇)、3种稀释比例(5%、10%和15%)、3种不同的降温程序对3种对虾精子超低温冷冻保存效果的影响。冻精解冻后通过台盼蓝染色的方法计算其存活率。结果显示,对于3种对虾,以天然海水作为稀释液,10%PG作为抗冻剂,4℃平衡20 min,以–2℃/min降温至–40℃,–40℃平衡10℃,以–15℃/min降温至–150℃,然后投入液氮作为降温程序进行超低温冷冻保存效果最好,冻精解冻后存活率分别为75.33%±2.56%、69.00%±3.00%和23.33%±8.55%。 相似文献
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不同蛋白质水平的饲料对南美白对虾生长的影响 总被引：26，自引：3，他引：26
采用鱼粉，豆粉等作为饲料蛋白源，加入等量的混合油（鱼油：豆油＝1：1），制成不同蛋白质梯度的试验饲料，研究不同蛋白质水平饲料对南美白对虾生长的影响，结果表明，不同蛋白质水平饲料显著地影响南美白对虾生长（F＞F0．01＝11．4），饲料中蛋白质为44．12％，能量蛋白比为33．0kJ/g时南美白对虾生长最快，饲料系数最低，体重生长比速最高，通过计算机拟合曲线方程并进行回归分析得出的南美白对虾配合饲料中适宜蛋白质含量为42．37％－44．12％，不同蛋白质水平的饲料对南美白对虾虾体蛋白质含量没有明显的影响。 相似文献
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沿黄低洼盐碱地对虾养殖技术的研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
本文研究了沿黄低洼盐碱地南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)和南美蓝对虾(Penaeus stylirostris)养殖技术和健康养殖模式。结果表明：沿黄低洼盐碱地养殖用水经适当的岛子调节，可明显提高2种对虾虾苗的存活率；通过合理的水质调控和病害防治技术，获得较高的经济效益，其中半精养池塘2种对虾养殖平均产量为163．5lkg／亩，平均投入产出比为220％；精养池塘分剐为395kg／亩、244％，而且南美蓝对虾的成活率、产值、纯利润和投入产出比均比南美白对虾的要高。提出在沿黄低洼盐碱地推广抗病力强的南美蓝对虾健康精养模式。 相似文献
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投喂频率对南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei Boone)生长、饲料利用及虾体组成影响的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本实验选用商品饲料饲养平均初体重为0．09g的南美白对虾，经过30d的生长实验，研究不同投喂频率对南美白对虾生长、成活以及饲料利用的影响。结果表明，随着投喂频率由3次／天增加到5次／天，南美白对虾的增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率显著提高，而饲料系数则显著降低，但当投喂频率由5次／天增加到7次／天时，南美白对虾增重率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率并无显著提高。对对虾全虾体主要组成成分的分析表明南美白对虾体主要组成成分并不受投喂频率增加的影响。 相似文献
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盐度、pH突变对2种养殖对虾免疫力的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
本文研究了盐度、p H突变对中国对虾、南美白对虾免疫力的影响。结果表明 :盐度、p H突变对 2种养殖对虾抗菌活力、酚氧化酶活力的影响是显著的 (P<0 .0 5)。而盐度突变对溶菌活力的影响显著 (P<0 .0 5) ,对低 p H突变影响明显 (P<0 .0 5) ,对高 p H突变影响不明显。随着盐度突变值和向低 p H、高 p H突变梯度的增加 ,2种养殖对虾的抗菌活力逐渐减小 ,酚氧化酶活力逐渐增大 ,而溶菌活力则随着盐度突变值和向低 p H突变梯度的增加呈逐渐下降。在同一实验梯度中 ,中国对虾的抗菌活力和溶菌活力要比南美白对虾的低 ,而其酚氧化酶活力则比南美白对虾的高。 相似文献
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南美白对虾冰温下菌相变化 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过测定南美白对虾的冰点,确定了南美白对虾冰温贮藏温度;分析了冰温贮藏条件下南美白对虾细菌总数的变化情况,并通过生化实验分离鉴定了生鲜状态和达到一级鲜度时南美白对虾的细菌菌相。结果表明,南美白对虾冰点为(-1.4±0.1)℃,冰温贮藏3d后细菌总数达到1.03×105,达到一级鲜度的细菌总数极限值;4 d后细菌总数达到1.75×106,到达货架期终点。生鲜南美白对虾的优势菌为Aeromonas spp.,Chromobacterium spp.和Photobacterium spp.;冰温贮藏条件下达到一级鲜度时,南美白对虾的特定腐败菌(specific spoilage organisms,SSO)为Shewanella spp.,Flavobacte-rium spp.和Acinobacter spp.。 相似文献
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采用双因子交互的方法研究了不同温度和pH值对南美白对虾淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明，南美白对虾肝脏、肠道、胃的淀粉酶最适温度分别为30℃、35℃、30—35℃，最适pH均为6．2。肝脏、肠道、胃的蛋白酶最适温度分别为50—65℃、55—65℃、60℃，肝脏蛋白酶最适pH为8．5—9．0，肠道蛋白酶最适pH为7．5—8．5，胃蛋白酶最适pH为2．0和5．5—6．5。脂肪酶的活力很小，肝脏、肠道、胃的脂肪酶最适温度均为37℃ ，最适pH均为7．7。同时测得南美白对虾肠道、肝脏、胃组织内的pH分别为6．7—7．0、5．9—6．1、5．1—5．3。在三种消化酶各自最适的温度、pH值下，比较其活力大小，在肝脏、肠道、胃均为蛋白酶>淀粉酶>脂肪酶。 相似文献
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栉孔扇贝胚胎超低温液氮保存 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用两种低温保护剂配方，Ａ：１０％甘油＋４％葡萄糖；Ｂ：１５％ＤＭＳＯ（二甲基亚铜）＋４％葡萄糖＋２％柠檬酸盐，利用微机控制生物降温仪，对栉孔扇贝胚胎进行液氮低温保存。似１℃／ｍｉｎ由室温降温至－２０℃，接着以２０℃／ｍｉｎ降温至－８０℃，然后样品直接入液氮保存（－１９６℃），１周后，经４５℃水浴解冻，栉孔扇贝胚胎（发育６ｄ）的存活率达６５．１％（Ａ配方）和５６．５％（Ｂ配方）；而采用６℃／ｍｉｎ 相似文献
11.
Chandralata Raghukumar G. Sheelu P. A. Loka Bharathi Shanta Nair C. Mohandass 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):1-16
In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification
An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level. 相似文献