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1.
綦村岩体是冀南邯邢地区典型的中生代高镁闪长岩杂岩体,主要由斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩、角闪闪长岩、闪长岩、二长岩和少量辉长岩组成。对綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩进行了较为详细的成因矿物学研究,探讨了其成因及其地质意义。研究发现,綦村斑状黑云母角闪闪长岩中的角闪石多为镁铝钙闪石和镁角闪石;黑云母主要为富镁黑云母;斜长石发育环带结构,核部以中长石和拉长石为主,边部多为更长石。角闪石矿物温压计估算结果显示,角闪石斑晶的形成温度为930~970 ℃,压力介于300~340 MPa之间,深度10~15 km,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.1~+2.3,平衡熔融体中的水含量4.8%~5.5%;与黑云母平衡的角闪石形成温度为684~760 ℃,压力降低至42~61 MPa,熔体中水含量降至3.1%~4.3%,氧逸度为ΔNNO+0.7~+2.4。黑云母温度计和氧逸度计获得的结果与角闪石温压计估算结果一致。该结果表明,研究区高氧逸度的铁镁质岩浆在中地壳曾经驻留,并发生了以角闪石为主的结晶分异,富含挥发分的分异岩浆在后期快速侵位形成高镁闪长岩和矽卡岩型铁矿。  相似文献   

2.
为阐释岩浆两阶段演化过程及其与铁成矿的关系,对邯邢铁矿区斑状石英二长岩中角闪石斑晶环带结构进行了成因矿物学研究.通过角闪石温度计、压力计、氧逸度计和湿度计的计算,发现岩浆在14km深处岩浆房内经过多次岩浆混合过程,其后演化的岩浆侵位到1.9 km的深度.岩浆房的温度为935～964℃,氧逸度为△NNO+0.27～△NNO+0.85,含水量为4.64％～6.29％,岩浆定位后角闪石结晶的平均温度为719℃,氧逸度为ANNO+2.16,含水量为3.94％.通过黑云母温度计和氧逸度计等验证,该计算结果可靠.岩浆较高的含水量和定位后显著增加的氧逸度有利于富铁的流体/熔浆与硅酸盐熔浆的分离,并最终形成邯邢式铁矿.  相似文献   

3.
滇西金沙江-哀牢山成矿带发育众多与富碱侵入岩密切相关的斑岩矿床。六合正长斑岩产于该成矿带中段,为贫矿富碱斑岩。在岩相学基础上,对六合正长斑岩中的黑云母、角闪石、锆石进行了矿物学研究,厘定了矿物结晶的温压条件、岩浆氧逸度和含水量等关键要素,并结合全岩地球化学和前人研究成果,讨论了制约滇西富碱斑岩成矿的条件。六合正长斑岩中的黑云母富镁(MgO=12.98%~14.83%)、铝(Al_2O_3=14.18%~16.52%),Fe~(2+)/(Fe~(2+)+Mg)=0.29~0.31,矿物温压计测得黑云母的结晶温度为615~669℃,形成压力为103~165 MPa,形成深度为3~5 km(平均深度为4.2 km)。角闪石富铁(FeO=21.75%~22.21%)、钙(CaO=10.14%~10.49%),属浅闪石质-韭闪石质角闪石,形成温度为817~843℃,形成压力为158~191 MPa,形成深度为5~6 km(平均深度为5.9km)。通过角闪石成分限定岩浆氧逸度(ΔFMQ)为+1.12~+1.27。岩体中的岩浆锆石结晶温度为687~1 098℃,Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)=11.18~54.78(平均值50),δEu=0.14~0.81。正长斑岩中角闪石以斑晶产出,全岩Dy/Yb值与SiO_2含量呈负相关性,La/Yb值与SiO_2含量呈正相关性,且δEu=0.97~1.00,说明六合岩浆在早期结晶大量角闪石,鲜有斜长石分离结晶。以上分析显示六合正长斑岩具有低氧逸度、高含水量的特征。对比斑岩矿床中含矿岩石的矿物学特征,认为六合正长斑岩不具有形成斑岩型矿床的潜力。  相似文献   

4.
姚安金矿床位于金沙江-哀牢山富碱斑岩带中段,大地构造位置处于扬子板块西缘与三江特提斯构造域结合部位,其成矿与新生代富碱斑岩密切相关.前人研究都集中在富矿岩体的岩石学、矿物学和地球化学特征,对贫矿岩体研究甚少.文章以姚安矿区贫矿正长斑岩为研究对象,在岩相学基础上对姚安正长斑岩中的角闪石,黑云母进行了电子探针分析,计算了矿物结晶的温压条件、氧逸度和含水量等要素,并与其他地区富矿岩体与贫矿岩体进行了对比,讨论了富矿岩体与贫矿岩体在矿物化学尺度上的差异性.姚安贫矿正长斑岩角闪石富MgO(11.82％～12.93％)、CaO(11.25％～11.58％)、K2O(1.09％～1.37％)、Na2O(1.99％～2.21％),属于镁闪石;计算得出角闪石结晶温度为822.47～850.69℃,压力112.69～151.21 MPa;侵位深度为3.72～5.44 km.黑云母为岩浆成因且富镁,w(MgO)为14.36％～18.01％,Fe2+/(Mg+Fe2+)比值0.23～0.34,属于镁质黑云母.黑云母结晶温度为719.69～738.78℃;压力51.15～178.35 MPa;侵位深度1.69～5.89 km.通过角闪石成分计算岩浆氧逸度变化介于ΔNNO+0.20到ΔNNO+0.91,略高于Ni-NiO出溶线.根据角闪石化学成分计算出岩浆含水量介于2.54％～3.02％.大型-超大型斑岩Cu矿多金属矿与高氧逸度、富水的浅侵位中酸性岩浆密切相关,对比姚安富矿岩体和成矿带上马厂菁、北衙的富矿岩体,姚安贫矿岩体与六合贫矿岩体相似,具有低氧逸度,较深的侵位深度的特点.低氧逸度致使金属元素早期以硫化物形式沉淀,无法随岩浆运移,较深的侵位深度使得流体难以出溶成矿.以上特征是其不成矿的关键因素.  相似文献   

5.
图拉尔根、香山和天宇、白石泉岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床分别位于新疆东天山的觉罗塔格构造带和中天山地块,角闪石在这些矿床中均以贯通矿物产出。本研究通过这些矿床角闪石的主量和微量元素含量,讨论两个构造单元成矿岩浆的性质和演化过程。四个矿床的角闪石种属主要为韭闪石、镁绿钙闪石、浅闪石、钛闪石、钙镁闪石和镁闪石,结晶温度区间为940～1080℃,压力区间为250～450MPa,相当于11～15km的深度。图拉尔根和香山矿床的角闪石结晶温度和压力均相对较低(平均分别为1027℃、318MPa和1013℃、313MPa),可能与其所处的觉罗塔格构造带断裂发育,成矿母岩浆易于侵位到较浅处结晶有关。四个矿床角闪石结晶时岩浆的含水量均较高(4%左右),可能是俯冲交代作用导致的地幔源区本身水含量较高以及角闪石结晶较晚共同作用的结果。相较于觉罗塔格构造带的图拉尔根和香山矿床(0 ΔNNO 1. 7),角闪石氧逸度计指示中天山地块天宇和白石泉矿床的氧逸度变化范围大且偏低(分别是-0. 6 ΔNNO 1. 7和-0. 4 ΔNNO 1. 8)。中天山铜镍矿床的氧逸度特征及相对觉罗塔格构造带较低的微量元素Ce/Pb比值指示其岩浆侵位过程中受到的古老地块的混染作用较强。以上研究表明角闪石虽是玄武质岩浆中较晚结晶的矿物,但能为示踪铜镍矿床岩浆演化提供重要线索。  相似文献   

6.
魏少妮  朱永峰  安芳 《地质学报》2020,94(8):2367-2382
包古图斑岩铜矿位于新疆西准噶尔地区,是区内规模最大的斑岩型矿床,成矿作用与晚石炭世中酸性侵入体密切相关。III- 2岩体位于矿区南部,该岩体全岩矿化,但品位较低,是探讨成矿岩浆性质的理想对象。本文结合岩石学和角闪石、锆石等矿物成分分析,通过与典型斑岩铜矿进行对比,探讨了成矿岩浆的氧逸度。研究表明,包古图III- 2岩体以石英闪长（玢）岩和闪长岩为主,少量辉石闪长岩,主要由斜长石、角闪石、黑云母、石英和钾长石组成,含少量钛铁矿、榍石和磷灰石。石英闪长岩中早期结晶的自形角闪石属于钙质闪石,Mg#较高（0. 72~1. 00）,成分分析指示成矿岩浆的氧逸度为：△NNO+1. 4~△NNO+2. 6,位于斑岩铜矿含矿岩体的分布范围。从中分选出的锆石REE含量高（338×10-6~959×10-6）,具有左倾型稀土配分模式,轻稀土亏损,重稀土富集,显示强烈Ce正异常和Eu负异常。Ce4+/Ce3+比值为29. 55~89. 50,Eu/Eu*比值为0. 32~0. 47,分布于斑岩铜矿含矿岩体和未矿化岩体的叠加部位。研究结果显示,包古图斑岩铜矿III- 2岩体成矿岩浆氧逸度较高,有利于成矿元素的溶解和迁移,对斑岩铜矿的形成有促进作用。  相似文献   

7.
尾亚—天湖地区位于新疆中亚造山带东南部的中天山地块内,晚古生代—中生代岩浆活动强烈,产出了战略性关键矿产尾亚钒铁磁铁矿。在详细岩相学观察的基础上,对尾亚、天湖和沙泉子南岩体中的角闪石和黑云母进行了电子探针(EMPA)测试分析,限定了3个岩体结晶的温压条件、氧逸度、含水量和含铁指数等要素,为解析中天山地块的岩浆-成矿物化条件及其区域找矿勘查工作提供参考。测试结果表明,该区花岗岩类中的角闪石富镁、钙、钠,贫钾,属于钙角闪石族;黑云母有高镁、钛、铝、钾和低硅、钠的特征为镁质黑云母。角闪石和黑云母的化学成分揭示其寄主岩浆为钙碱性造山带岩系,具有壳幔混源的特征,推测可能是板块俯冲背景下由地幔楔与大陆地壳物质混熔形成。根据角闪石-黑云母矿物温压计,估算出沙泉子南石英闪长岩的结晶温度为651~753 ℃,压力为31~79 MPa,尾亚二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩的结晶温度为762~833 ℃,压力为85~215 MPa,天湖花岗闪长岩的结晶温度为668~812 ℃,压力为31~117 MPa。3个岩体岩浆结晶时的氧逸度lgf(O2)范围为-15.7~-9.4,而且在角闪石结晶时岩浆具有较高的含水量。综合分析,认为该区的花岗岩类具有高温、低压、高氧逸度、富水和高含铁指数的特点,有利于Fe等成矿元素在流体中富集,具有良好的铁矿成矿条件。进一步利用角闪石-黑云母压力计,计算了花岗岩类岩体的侵位深度,从而估算出岩体的剥蚀程度处于2.2~5.5 km,且区域的隆升剥蚀量差异明显;结合现有的矿产地表展布特征,推测天湖岩体一带深部仍具有较好的铁矿找矿潜力。  相似文献   

8.
对位于秦岭-大别造山带的沙坪沟钼矿矿区出露的橄榄角闪石岩开展了系统的岩石学、岩相学及电子探针原位分析,厘定了其成岩物理化学条件,并探讨了岩石成因及形成的构造环境。橄榄角闪石岩主要造岩矿物为橄榄石、角闪石、金云母和辉石;副矿物为磷灰石、铬铁尖晶石、镁铁尖晶石、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿等。电子探针原位分析结果显示,橄榄石属于贵橄榄石系列,角闪石主要是韭闪石,辉石为透辉石,云母为金云母。造岩矿物结晶顺序为橄榄石-辉石-角闪石,结晶温度介于1 111. 64～1 223. 30℃之间,形成压力为350～740 MPa,形成于较高的氧逸度环境(角闪石结晶时的氧逸度范围为NNO+0. 59～NNO+2. 27)。角闪石和金云母的矿物学特征显示它们均是与幔源岩浆作用相关的原生矿物,表明该套基性-超基性岩与幔源岩浆作用有关。综合分析认为,在大别造山带中生代地壳减薄的伸展构造背景下,该橄榄角闪石岩母岩浆源于地幔,是经过地幔7. 92%部分熔融的玄武质岩浆经结晶分异作用形成的幔源岩浆底侵下地壳的产物。  相似文献   

9.
红格层状岩体是峨眉山大火成岩省内带最大的赋存钒钛磁铁矿矿床的层状岩体,从底部到顶部可分为下部岩相带、中部岩相带和上部岩相带。红格岩体下部岩相带角闪(磁铁)辉石岩和角闪(磁铁)橄辉岩中角闪石含量高达5%~15%,远远高于区内其他含超大型钒钛磁铁矿矿床的层状岩体。岩体中角闪石呈嵌晶状结构,且具有均一干涉色,暗示其为岩浆成因,而非热液蚀变的产物。此外,角闪石的矿物化学特征表现为高Al2O3含量(10.5%~12.0%)、高Al/Si(0.30~0.37)和Mg/(Fe3++Fe2++VIAl)比值(1.69~2.63)以及低Si/(Si+Ti+Al)比值(0.69~0.74),进一步表明其是直接从幔源基性岩浆中结晶形成的。金云母高MgO含量(18.7%~22.9%)的特征也说明其与幔源岩浆作用有关。角闪石和金云母的成因与红格层状侵入体的地质背景相吻合,为探讨红格岩体形成过程中的物理化学条件提供了重要的矿物学依据。根据矿物电子探针成分及其化学式计算得到岩体角闪石的结晶温度为1000~1100℃,结晶压力小于2.2kbar,结晶时的氧逸度范围在NNO-0.55到NNO+0.73之间。矿物结构关系指示岩体的磁铁矿结晶早于角闪石,因此,结合MELTs模拟计算,认为红格岩体钒钛磁铁矿矿层的形成温度为1100~1165℃,氧逸度高于NNO+0.73。红格岩体下部岩相带和中部岩相带每个旋回自下而上,角闪石的Fe3+/(Fe3+/Fe2+)比值以及全岩Fe3+/Fe2+和Mt/(Mt+Ilm)比值有规律地逐渐降低,而磁铁矿V2O3含量逐渐升高,这些特征说明Fe-Ti氧化物的分离结晶导致氧逸度逐渐降低。而上部岩相带IX旋回全岩Fe3+/Fe2+和Mt/(Mt+Ilm)比值自底部到顶部随着磁铁矿V2O3含量的降低而升高,显示出与下部岩相带和中部岩相带相反的变化趋势,表明IX旋回在分离结晶过程中氧逸度是逐渐升高的,可能是受上部岩相带富P2O5母岩浆的制约。  相似文献   

10.
二十一站岩体位于黑龙江省东北部大兴安岭地区塔河县境内,该岩体产出的岩石类型包括早白垩世二长岩和石英二长斑岩及早侏罗世花岗岩和二长岩等,在该岩体中已发现斑岩型铜金矿床,但是该岩体形成的物理化学条件和岩石成因尚不清楚,不同岩性岩浆岩的成矿潜力也不明确。鉴于此,本文以二十一站岩体中不同时代的花岗岩、二长岩、石英二长斑岩的黑云母和角闪石为研究对象,结合偏光显微镜、电子探针背散射图像和电子探针化学成分,对该岩体的岩石学、矿物学特征进行了研究,并对岩浆结晶的物理化学条件、岩石成因和成矿意义进行了探讨。结果显示:早白垩世二长岩中角闪石化学成分显示:角闪石富钙(CaO 11.21%~11.78%)、富镁(MgO 13.61%~14.85%)、贫钠(Na2O 0.80%~1.11%)和贫钾(K2O 0.40%~0.54%),属于镁角闪石,结晶温度为704.92~805.58℃,平均温度为761.82℃,压力为73.83~115.93MPa,对应岩浆侵位深度为2.8~4.4km,结晶时岩浆氧逸度为△NNO+1.63,含水量为H2O=4.92%,反映出岩浆结晶时高温、高氧逸度、富含水分、浅侵位的特征。黑云母的Fe2+/(Fe2++Mg)比值比较均一,反映黑云母未遭受后期流体改造,均为原生岩浆成因的黑云母。其中早侏罗世花岗岩和二长岩所代表的A类黑云母化学成分上富铁(TFeO 19.92%~22.42%)贫镁(MgO 7.99%~10.46%),属于铁质黑云母,早白垩世二长岩和石英二长斑岩所代表的B类黑云母相比于A类黑云母更富镁(MgO 12.38%~14.45%)和钛(TiO21.90%~2.75%),贫铁(TFeO 16.64%~17.97%)和铝(Al2O315.00%~16%.79),属于镁质黑云母。A类和B类黑云母对应岩浆结晶温度分别为720~740℃和750~780℃;压力为202.20~443.49MPa和158~231MPa,对应岩浆侵位深度为6.67~14.64km和5.24~7.24km;结晶时岩浆氧逸度分别为10-15~10-16和10-12~10-13;岩浆来源为壳源,且B类黑云母对应岩浆有地幔物质参与。因此,可以认为二十一站岩体中早白垩世二长岩和石英二长斑岩具有中高温,高氧逸度应含水量,岩浆主要来源于地壳物质的部分熔融,并有部分地幔物质参与,侵位深度较浅的特点,具有形成大型斑岩矿床的潜力。早侏罗世花岗岩和二长岩氧逸度相对较低,侵位较深,物质来源为地壳,因此不具备成矿潜力。  相似文献   

11.
利用GC-MS（气相色谱—质谱仪）,对采自湖北清江流域和尚洞洞顶的土壤样品与洞内石笋样品进行分析,发现土壤中存在的七个系列单甲基支链烷烃在所有的石笋样品中均可以找到,呈现相似的分布模式,石笋中七个系列支链烷烃有可能来自洞穴滴水携带的土壤中的支链烷烃,但是也不能排除石笋原地生长的微生物的贡献。烷基环己烷的分布在土壤与石笋中呈现了相似的分布模式,但是主峰碳数有所变化,高碳数部分与低碳数部分的相对含量也发生了变化。主要原因可能是微生物选择性降解的结果,也有可能是土壤与石笋中微生物种类分布差异所造成的。本次研究初步显示了相对封闭稳定的洞穴沉积物与上覆土壤层中生物标志化合物的异同。   相似文献   

12.
At 31 sites in Finland the Zn content was determined of the epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. growing on pine and birch, the terricolous lichen Cladina spp. in pine bark, and the inner part of birch bark. The anomalous contents of Zn in H. physodes on pine and Cladina spp. in soil appeared to be strongly related to sulphide ore deposits. Anthropogenic Zn correlated closely with S and Fe in H. physodes on pine and with Fe in Cladina spp. The binding of geogenic Zn was related to iron hydroxides, and was attributed to the different uptake mechanism of S in these lichens. Elevated values of Zn in H. physodes on birch were due to both geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Zinc in pine bark increased with the Zn content in H. physodes and reached a limiting value.  相似文献   

13.
The dissolution of H2O and CO2 in structurally dense, nominally anhydrous and non-carbonate oxide matrices such as MgO and CaO is reviewed. H2O and CO2 are treated as gaseous oxide components which enter into solid solution with the refractory oxide hosts. They form anion complexes associated with cation vacancy sites. Evidence is presented that OH? pairs which derive from the dissolution of H2O are subject to a charge transfer (CT) conversion into peroxy moieties and molecular hydrogen, O 2 2? ... H2. Because the O 2 2? moiety is small (O?-O? distance ≈ 1.5 Å) high pressure probably favors the CT conversion. Mass spectroscopic studies show that molecular H2 may be lost from the solid which retains excess oxygen in the form of O 2 2? , leading to the release of atomic O. The dissociation of O 2 2? moieties into a vacancy-bound O? state and an unbound O? state can be followed by measuring the internal redox reactions involving transition metal impurities, the transient paramagnetism of the O? and their effect on the d.c. conductivity. Evidence is presented that CO2 molecules dissolve dissociatively in the structurally dense oxide matrix, as if they were first to dissociate into CO+O and then to form separate solute moieties CO 2 2? and O 2 2? , both associated with cation vacancy sites. In the CO 2 2? moiety (C-O? distance 1.2–1.3 Å, OCO angle ≈ 130°) the C atom probably sits off center. The transition of the C atom into interstitial sites is accompanied by dissociation of the CO 2 2? moiety into CO? and O?. This transition can be followed by infrared spectroscopy, using OH? as local probes. Further support derives from magnetic susceptibility, thermal expansion, low frequency dielectric loss and low temperature deformation measurements. The recently observed emission of O and Mg atoms besides a variety of molecules such as CO, CO2, CH4, HCN and other hydrocarbons during impact fracture of MgO single crystals is presented and discussed in the light of the other experimental data.  相似文献   

14.
There are few inter-African country urban analyses because of the continent’s enormous size and socioeconomic diversity, language barriers, and wide variations in national and regional urban research capacity. Nevertheless, comparative urban studies are critical in understanding contemporary African urbanization. In this comparative spatial and temporal analysis of Ghana and Kenya’s urbanization, we find that both countries are urbanizing rapidly and are faced with many common urban problems. Moreover, Ghana is more urbanized than Kenya and has a larger indigenous urban imprint and a more widely dispersed urban pattern. Besides their physiographic and population conditions, we trace these countries’ convergent and divergent urban trends to their shared but unique experiences of colonialism, nationalism and globalization.  相似文献   

15.
The Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers originate in the mountainous regions of the Himalayas (Garhwal) and result in high sediment yields causing flood hazards downstream of the Ganga River and high sediment flux to the Bay of Bengal. The rivers are perennial, since runoff in these rivers is controlled by both precipitation and glacial melt. In the present study, three locations in the upper reaches of the Ganga River were monitored for 1 yr (daily observations of, more than >1000 samples) for suspended sediment concentrations. In addition, more than one hundred samples were collected from various locations of the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi Rivers at different periods to observe spatial and temporal variations in river suspensions. Further, multi-annual data (up to 40 yrs) of water flow and sediment concentrations were used for inferring the variations in water flow and sediment loads on longer time scales. In most previous studies of Himalayan Rivers, there has been a general lack of long term water flow and sediment load data. In the present study, we carried out high frequency sampling, considered long term discharge data and based on these information, discussed the temporal and spatial variations in water discharge and sediment loads in the rivers in the Himalayan region. The results show that, >75% of annual sediment loads are transported during the monsoon season (June through September). The annual physical weathering rates in the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi River basins at Devprayag are estimated to be 863 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.25 mm yr−1) and 907 tons km−2 yr−1 (3.42 mm yr−1) respectively, which are far in excess of the global average of 156 tons km−2 yr−1 (0.58 mm yr−1).  相似文献   

16.
As a result of systematic study on heavy minerals in soils at city and town areas and their surroundings,cinnabar was discovered for the first time in areas of Hg anomalies in China, and it was found that the distribution of cinnabar was basically coincident in scope with that of Hg anomalies, showing that Hg anomalies were‘closely related to cinnabar. This finding provides a theoretical basis for a verification of Hg anomalies in soils in city and town areas and their surroundings, as well as evaluation of its ecological effects, and is significant to revealing the occurrence modes and origin of Hg in soils.  相似文献   

17.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):382-390
Ground gravity survey for regional structure unit delineation and oil and gas exploration in China is addressed in this paper with examples. Gravity survey scales, coverage, technical regulations and achievements at the national level are introduced, including data processing and anomaly interpretation techniques. Bouguer anomalies of terrestrial territories of China and classification of anomalous feature zones are also described; they are well correlated with lithotectonical boundaries, fault zones, and unexposed igneous plutons. Recent study results of petroliferous sedimentary basins are presented as well, including concealed boundaries and major structures of large basins. It is concluded that gravity survey is the most effective and economic method in unveiling unexposed and deep-seated structures, targeting and delineating oil and gas-bearing sedimentary basins, and locating main trap structures within prolific basins in early stage of exploration in China. Suggestions for improving exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas reservoirs in China are also given in the paper.  相似文献   

18.
This review of laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry includes research that employed quadrupole instruments, and single-collector and multicollector magnetic sector field instruments. The most important trend in 2004–2005 was the growing appreciation that small matrix effects in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS need to be addressed in order to produce highly precise and accurate data by the method. The issue is most acute for isotope ratio measurements that require standard-sample-standard bracketing but can also be important for certain elemental analysis. Matrix-dependent elemental and isotopic fractionations were studied from the standpoint of laser-sample interactions and the behaviour of laser-generated particles in the ablation cell, transfer tubing and ICP torch. Innovations in LA-(MC)-ICP-MS involved signal smoothing, in torch laser ablation, on-line isotope dilution and molecular oxide monitoring. Other important research was carried out on the calibration and homogeneity of various reference materials; and the exploration of mature ( in situ U-Pb geochronology) and emerging (apatite fission-track chronometry, U-Th/He thermochronology, boron/strontium/uranium-series isotopic microanalysis) applications in the Earth sciences.  相似文献   

19.
煤中气孔和镶嵌结构及其在煤变质研究中的意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
河南省禹县、新密和荥巩煤田山西组Ⅱ1煤的贫煤和无烟煤中,气孔发育。气孔形态有椭圆状（图版1）、圆状及不规则状（图版2）,有的几个气孔连在一起呈大的朵状气孔(图版3)。此外,在荥巩煤田西部无烟煤中还发育有镀嵌结构(图版4)。   相似文献   

20.
Using improved analytical techniques, which reduce the Re blanks by factors of 8 to 10, we report new Re-Os data on low Re and low PGE pallasites (PAL-anom) and IIIAB irons. The new pallasite samples nearly double the observed range in Re/Os for pallasites and allow the determination of an isochron of slope 0.0775 ± 0.0008 (T = 4.50 ± 0.04 Ga, using the adjusted λ187Re = 1.66 × 10−11 a−1) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09599 ± 0.00046. If the data on different groups of pallasites (including the “anomalous” pallasites) are considered to define a whole-rock isochron, their formation would appear to be distinctly younger than for the iron meteorites by ∼60 Ma. Five IIIAB irons (Acuna, Bella Roca, Chupaderos, Grant, and Bear Creek), with Re contents ranging from 0.9 to 2.8 ppb, show limited Re/Os fractionation and plot within errors on the IIAB iron meteorite isochron of slope 0.07848 ± 0.00018 (T = 4.56 ± 0.01 Ga) and initial (187Os/188Os)0 = 0.09563 ± 0.00011. Many of the meteorites were analyzed also for Pd-Ag and show 107Ag enrichments correlated with Pd/Ag, requiring early formation and fractionation of the FeNi metal, in a narrow time interval, after injection of live 107Pd (t1/2 = 6.5 Ma) into the solar nebula. Based on Pd-Ag, the typical range in relative ages of these meteorites is ≤10 Ma. The Pd-Ag results suggest early formation and preservation of the 107Pd-107Ag systematics, both for IIIAB irons and for pallasites, while the younger Re-Os apparent age for pallasites suggests that the Re-Os system in pallasites was subject to re-equilibration. The low Re and low PGE pallasites show significant Re/Os fractionation (higher Re/Os) as the Re and PGE contents decrease. By contrast, the IIIAB irons show a restricted range in Re/Os, even for samples with extremely low Re and PGE contents. There is a good correlation of Re and Ir contents. The correlation of Re and Os contents for IIIAB irons shows a similar complex pattern as observed for IIAB irons (Morgan et al., 1995), and neither can be ascribed to a continuous fractional crystallization process with uniform solid-metal/liquid-metal distribution coefficients.  相似文献   

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