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1.
利用常规观测资料以及中尺度自动站资料、NCEP 1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、雷达卫星产品等,分析了2021年8月3—4日豫东暴雨过程的环流背景与中尺度对流特征。主要结论如下：(1)暴雨发生在200 hPa处于高空辐散区、500 hPa冷涡底部低槽东移的环流条件下;中低层副高外围暖湿气流与地面冷锋于豫东形成辐合,配合高空强辐散为暴雨提供有利的环流背景。(2)降水前大气处于条件不稳定,豫东区域水汽饱和;强降水期间近地层存在温度平流,使边界层产生扰动导致暴雨增幅。(3)强降水发展与两个MCS系统发生、发展及演变关系密切;暴雨落区位于中尺度对流云团云顶亮温梯度大值区且靠近其低值中心。(4)雷达回波表现为多单体合并的混合型回波,V型缺口对应地面大风;强降水时段回波低质心、高效率并存在列车效应,风速辐合位置对应新单体生成。 相似文献
2.
文章分析了1998年夏季我国长江、嫩江、珠江流域发生的严重洪涝灾害的气象、水文特征及其成因。6月中、下旬珠江、长江、嫩江流域出现了持续性强降水, 局部地区下了大暴雨; 7月下旬长江流域出现了“二度梅”, 湖南、湖北和江西省普降暴雨; 8月上半月嫩江流域再次出现持续性强降水。频繁的强降水使长江、嫩江、华南西江等干、支流水位迅猛上涨, 支流河水不断涌入干流, 使得干流洪峰迭起。雨水和洪峰迭加, 引发了百年一遇的大洪水。1998年7月副热带高压南落是造成长江流域“二度梅”的主要原因。副热带高压、南海季风涌、中高纬冷空气和从青藏高原东移的中尺度对流系统 (MCS) 等4个因子的最佳组配, 有利于长江流域出现持续性强降水。 相似文献
3.
本文使用常规观测资料、四川省自动站降水资料、0.1°×0.1°的FY－2E云顶亮温资料和1°×1°的NCEP再分析格点资料对2012年7月20～23日四川东部强降水过程的主要影响系统、水汽源地、动力、热力条件等进行诊断分析,结果表明:(1)本次暴雨过程中伴有500hPa高空槽东移至四川并向南加深发展,槽后冷空气与槽前暖湿气流在四川汇合,低层有低涡发展,配以高低空急流耦合的有利形势;(2)暴雨前期水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾,随着南海台风西进,其外围偏东气流向西输送增强,西南暖湿气流北上受到抑制,使得雨带南压;(3)降水以对流性降水为主,暴雨期间水汽凝结潜热在对流层中低层起主要作用,强上升运动将低层的潜热加热向上输送,形成高空的热源中心,强降水期间大气的加热是与大气的垂直上升运动密切相关的;在本次暴雨过程垂直输送项是视热源Q1和视水汽汇Q2的主要贡献者,尤其是在强降水阶段;(4)在低涡在发展阶段,低层正涡度局地变化项首先得到发展,在低涡减弱阶段,正涡度局地变化项的峰值中心由低层向中低层抬升;(5)中尺度对流系统与小时降水分布一致,MCS的发展是触发降水的重要因素之一。 相似文献
4.
利用常规观测的地面和高空资料、地面加密自动站资料、美国国家环境预测中心(NCEP)提供的一天4次1°×1°再分析资料以及FY2E卫星TBB资料,对2013年7月15～19日高原低涡切变东移诱发的四川盆地特大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:强降水落区发生在副高边缘西北侧的不稳定区域内,低层和地面冷空气扩散南下是触发特大暴雨发生的关键因素。强降水主要出现在MCS系统发展和成熟阶段,最大降水出现在MCS中心最冷云顶面积达到最大的时候。中低层水平湿Z－螺旋度负值区域分布与相应时刻的降水落区和天气系统有较好的对应关系。垂直分布上,暴雨区低层正涡度、水汽辐合旋转上升与高层负涡度、辐散相配合,是触发暴雨的有利动力机制。 相似文献
5.
利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP1°×1°逐6 h再分析资料、云顶亮温资料等对2019年8月2—4日西北涡作用下发生在陕西的一次强降水过程进行分析,结果表明：强降水发生在高原槽东移加深,副高西伸北抬的大尺度环流背景下,700 hPa西北涡是强降水产生的主要影响系统;台风“韦帕”与副高外围的暖湿气流为西北涡迅速增强提供了水汽、能量、动力条件,低层辐合、高层辐散进一步加强了西北涡发展;西南急流为强降水提供了水汽输送和不稳定能量,陕西处于θse高能区,大气上冷下暖存在位势不稳定层结;地面辐合线触发对流,陕南出现分散的对流性强降水,西北涡东移北上,低涡切变引发陕北系统性强降水;深厚的湿层、较厚的暖云有利于短时强降水出现;低涡降水云系中有对流单体生成发展,短时强降水出现在云顶亮温等温线密集处。 相似文献
6.
利用常规观测资料,NCEP1°×1°再分析资料和卫星云图、多普勒雷达、微波辐射计等多源数据,对2019年8月9日西安东部发生的一次局地短时强降水天气过程进行较为全面的中尺度特征分析。结果表明,小尺度的地面辐合和地形抬升是该次短时强降水的触发及加强条件;台风外围的偏东气流为强降水提供了充足的水汽和不稳定能量,且前期大气层结显示出较强的对流不稳定,有利于短时强降水触发后较大能量的释放并提升降水效率。短时强降水发生阶段监测到明显的干冷空气侵入过程,干冷空气可触发新对流,加强不稳定层结,加快水滴蒸发以增加潜热,从而加强了短时强降水。雷达反射率图上显示西安东部位于蓝田上、下游的对流单体在蓝田县附近形成对峙,并不断合并加强,是造成该地较强短时强降水的主要原因之一。 相似文献
7.
本文利用常规观测资料、自动站加密观测资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料、分辨率为0.1°×0.1°卫星FY-2E的TBB资料,多普勒天气雷达观测资料等,对2011年7月25日山东乳山强降水进行分析研究,结果表明：(1)这次强降水主要影响系统是高空槽、低层暖式切变线和副高边缘的低空急流。强降水产生在850hPa和925hPa切变线附近,低层850hPa以下有较强的西南气流向北输送大量的水汽,强降水的水汽来源于低层近海面的水汽输送和辐合。(2)强降水产生高温高湿区,强降水期间,低层有明显的暖平流,高层有明显的冷平流,低层暖平流增强或高层冷平流增强时,降水强度也明显增强。(3)强降水期间,乳山的特殊海岸线地形抬升作用产生的上升运动与中高层入侵的干冷空气伴有下沉运动相遇,从而触发对流不稳定能量的释放,降水强度增大,产生强降水。(4)乳山出现短时强降水主要是由中-β尺度对流云团造成的,此次强降水的TBB在-63～-52℃,云团发展迅速,高度较高,在云团发展阶段,其反应的云顶温度比实际的云顶温度要偏高。(5)风暴低层逆风区和中-γ尺度气旋性涡旋,及风暴顶的强烈辐散,利于回波发展与维持,同时使高值区维持在风暴中层及以下高度,在环境因子有利的情况下产生降水效率较高的强降水风暴。 相似文献
8.
利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动气象站观测资料、探空资料、风云2G资料、降水实况融合产品以及EC EAR 0.25°× 0.25°逐小时再分析资料,对2020年6月22日綦江地区特大暴雨洪灾过程进行诊断分析。结果表明,此次过程发生在南亚高压脊线附近,500 hPa槽前,700 hPa和850 hPa低涡切变之间,850~500 hPa之间为一致的偏南暖湿气流不断输送水汽,近地面层为偏东回流冷空气形成冷垫爬升;对流云团生成、合并、发展,形成中尺度对流系统MCS,对强降水有很强的指示意义,且暴雨区发生在云团合并发展阶段且冷云区≤-52 ℃的区域;短时强降水伴随地面辐合线的生成而发生,且最强小时雨强中心出现在中尺度辐合线附近并随着辐合线缓慢向东移动;此次过程累积雨量大值区主要发生在綦江城区及綦江流域上游地区,其中过程累积雨量最大的站点达到了302.7 mm,綦江流域上游地区的站点基本都达到100 mm以上,最大小时雨强达到了64 mm·h-1,小时雨强强、累积雨量大是造成此次暴雨洪涝灾害的主要原因。 相似文献
9.
利用常规观测资料、加密自动站降水资料和NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料对比分析了2010年8月12～13日(简称“8·12”过程)和2012年8月16～17日(简称“8·16”过程)青藏高原东坡发生的两次暖区强降水过程,探讨两次暖区强降水发生发展的天气学异同条件。结果表明:两次暖区强降水发生前及过程中均受副高的影响,地面有热低压发展和维持,利于能量的积累、不稳定层结和非绝热加热形成,进而引起上升运动;过程期间低层均有垂直于青藏高原东坡的偏东南气流的建立与增强,地形强迫上升运动和低层暖平流引起的上升运动增大和维持。主要差异在于,“8·16”过程中台风“启德”外围的偏东南风持续时间更长,影响区域更偏北,其降水持续时间更长,累计雨量更大。两次暖区强降水过程显示,低层垂直于青藏高原东坡地形的偏东南气流的建立、增强、持续及减弱在此类暖区强降水发生、发展及消亡过程起中着关键性作用。 相似文献
10.
利用常规气象观测资料、台风最佳路径数据集资料、地面-卫星-雷达三源融合逐小时降水产品(0.05°×0.05°)、FY-2G云顶亮温(0.1°×0.1°)、NCEP／NCAR FNL(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2019年9号台风“利奇马”影响期间2019年8月11日发生的山东特大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:1)强降水主要受台风倒槽的影响,台风倒槽在山东中部暴雨区长时间稳定维持,台风东侧的低空东南急流把东海北部的水汽和能量向暴雨区输送,配合200 hPa高空急流的“抽吸作用”,在暴雨区上空辐合抬升,造成具有中尺度特征的暴雨。2)强降水区存在的正涡度区伴随强烈的上升运动、低层辐合、高层辐散的结构和次级环流耦合发展,为此次台风暴雨过程提供了有利的动力条件,而且动力条件的演变在此次台风暴雨过程中的作用比热力条件更重要。3)850 hPa水汽通量辐合中心,以及相匹配的在垂直方向的强上升运动区,对强降水落区和雨强有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
12.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
14.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
17.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
18.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
19.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
20.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献