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1.
一次特大暴雨过程的多普勒天气雷达资料分析   总被引:8,自引:5,他引:3  
利用卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料对2008年8月1—2日上午发生在安徽东南部及江苏西南部特大暴雨过程进行了分析。结果表明,这次区域性特大暴雨是由台风减弱演变为深厚低压系统所引发,暴雨区域辐合上升运动强烈,西南低空急流强盛,同时中层冷空气侵入触发不稳定能量释放;特大暴雨的发生与中β尺度强对流云团多次发展以及长时间维持密切相关,中尺度云团的最冷云区亮温和面积决定了暴雨强度;积层混合云降水回波内部有多个尺度不等的的对流回波相继经过暴雨发生地形成“列车效应”,从而造成持续性暴雨,暴雨回波的强回波核总是位于云体的中下部,这是暴雨回波的典型特征;特大暴雨发生阶段,对流层中低层辐合厚度增加,强度增强,同时低层(2 km以下)伴随下沉运动,2 km以上则为上升运动。  相似文献   

2.
基于区域自动气象站资料、济南新一代多普勒天气雷达资料,对2012年8月18日山东省境内飑线发展过程中对流单体之间以及弓形回波与对流单体之间的合并特征进行了细致分析。结果表明:1)合并过程经历了合并初期、合并中期和完全合并期。云桥位于雷暴中层,合并过程中回波强度先减弱再增强。2)合并的结果是,上游回波减弱并入下游回波,为下游回波提供了丰富的水汽,产生的下沉出流与暖湿空气辐合,增强了下游回波的上升运动,促使下游回波持续发展并替代老回波(属喂养型合并)。合并促使低层小尺度涡旋强度增强、底高降低,出现中气旋或非相关切变。3)对流单体与单体合并中期,两者强度减弱,完全合并期则强度增强。低层涡旋尺度小、强度强,中气旋或非相关切变的垂直伸展厚度和最大切变值较大、底高低,产生的龙卷持续时间长、影响范围大、造成灾害重。4)弓形回波与对流单体合并过程中,单体一直处于发展阶段,弓形回波在完全合并期减弱。低层涡旋尺度大、强度弱。5)龙卷的强度与中气旋或非相关切变的底高、垂直伸展厚度及最大切变值有关。单体合并过程中,若中气旋(或非相关切变)的底高或最大切变的高度降低,或者最大切变值出现跃增,则可能出现龙卷。弓形回波顶点附近有对流单体合并,易出现龙卷。  相似文献   

3.
高帆  尹承美  蔡哲  焦洋  褚颖佳  李瑞  马蕾 《山东气象》2019,39(1):131-141
利用常规天气资料、多普勒雷达资料和区域自动气象站资料,对发生在济南的33次重大短时强降水过程进行总结分析。结果表明,重大短时强降水过程年均发生3.3次,主要发生在7月上旬—8月中旬,17—23时和02—08时最易发生,南部山区较北部平原地区更易发生,且雨强更大。低槽冷锋型出现最多,水汽和动力条件充足,层结曲线中上层具有喇叭口型结构,对流有效位能呈瘦高状,平均值为1 370 J·kg-1,对流由冷锋触发(有时存在暖区对流),强降水范围最广;副热带高压边缘型水汽充沛,对流有效位能呈粗胖状,平均值为2 400 J·kg-1,对流由底层的动力系统触发,局地性和突发性强,强降水分布不均匀;低涡切变线型具有夜雨性,水汽较充沛,动力条件一般,对流有效位能平均值为607 J·kg-1。低槽冷锋型和低涡切变线型平均雨强较大,副热带高压边缘型持续时间较长,低槽冷锋型能够产生平均雨强异常大或持续时间较长的过程,因此易出现极端降水事件。带状回波出现最多,主要由低槽冷锋型产生,块状回波主要由副热带高压边缘型产生,分布零散,絮状回波主要由低涡切变线型产生,强度较弱。强回波主要集中在中低层,回波整体质心偏低,呈现热带降水型特征。10次形成列车效应的过程中有7次由带状回波或短带回波的后向传播形成,另外3次由尺度较大的絮状回波形成,其持续时间和平均降水量是其余过程的两倍。  相似文献   

4.
利用地面气象观测资料、ERA5再分析资料、FY-2E卫星和多普勒雷达资料,对2011年7月17日发生在巢湖地区的一次强对流暴雨过程进行诊断分析。结果显示:500hPa深槽、850hPa切变线及地面低压是此次暴雨过程的天气尺度影响系统,强降水发生在湿层和暖云层深厚、较低的抬升凝结高度、中等强度对流不稳定及弱垂直风切变条件下;FY-2E卫星云图分析表明,此次强降水过程主要是多个中尺度对流系统在巢湖合并所致,短时强降水落区主要落在中尺度对流系统TBB等值线密集区附近,TBB中心强度越强,TBB等值线梯度越大,对应的1h降水量越强;多普勒雷达分析揭示,短时强降水发生在两个对流回波合并期间,对流风暴移动缓慢,大于45dBz强回波均在6km以下,呈低层强烈气旋式辐合、高层辐散特征;地面中尺度辐合线是此次风暴的触发因子;湿位涡诊断结果表明,600hPa以下对流不稳定,600hPa以上对称不稳定,有利于暴雨和中尺度系统的发生发展。  相似文献   

5.
利用2013—2020年3—9月江西省多普勒天气雷达和地闪观测资料,对地闪分布特征及其与雷达主要特征量之间的关系进行统计分析。结果表明:江西省地闪频数从东北到西南逐渐减小,其北部鄱阳湖平原为地闪频数高值区;地闪频数具有明显的季节变化和日变化特征,总地闪频数在16:00达到一天的峰值;地闪频数与低层(3km)雷达回波强度的关系可用对数拟合方程来描述,地闪频数与低层雷达回波面积的变化趋势正相关,回波越强相关性越强,但二者存在位相差,地闪增加先于回波面积增加的情况约占57%~60%,大多数情况下可在18min内发现两者均有增加;箱线图特征显示,随着回波强度增大,地闪发生时的回波伸展高度相应减小,而回波厚度略增大,从而得出不同强度回波的地闪发生格点周围10km半径范围的雷达回波特征。  相似文献   

6.
一次弓形回波结构和演变机制的观测分析   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
基于单多普勒天气雷达观测和双多普勒雷达反演风场,对2009年6月3日河南商丘发生的一次弓形回波的结构和演变机制进行细致分析。系统发生前的环境均具有中等对流有效位能和中等偏弱低空垂直风切变。雷达分析显示,该弓形回波从超级单体开始,经过风暴合并发展而成的经典弓形回波结构,生命史约3 h。在超级单体阶段,具有中纬度典型超级单体的低层钩状回波、中层有界弱回波区和中气旋结构。超级单体减弱后,因强降水拖曳和降水蒸发冷却,引起云内强的下沉运动,将云外干冷空气带到云内,形成中层后方入流,并在地面形成强冷池,触发干冷后向入流,回波逐渐演化成为弓形。弓形回波成熟阶段,风暴相对后向入流急流在对流区后部2 km高度加速下沉,系统前沿增强至20 m·s-1。在中层,系统后侧南北两端形成气旋和反气旋涡旋对,此中层涡旋对后向入流强度贡献约20%。在系统前缘低层(1.5 km)、出流边界附近,存在一气旋式涡旋。受后向入流急流和此低层涡旋的共同作用,在顶点附近产生超过32 m·s-1的最大地面相对风速。至减弱期,低层出流扩展至系统前方20 km,截断了低层暖湿入流,使其快速减弱。  相似文献   

7.
一次中-β尺度局地大暴雨对流系统的雷达回波特征   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
冯晋勤  童以长  罗小金 《气象》2008,34(10):50-59
利用新一代天气雷达产品对2006年6月18日永定一次中-β尺度大暴雨对流系统的雷达回波特征进行分析,探讨短时大暴雨的回波特征.结果表明:有利的大尺度环流、充足的水汽条件和较强的上升运动是产生强降水有利的天气背景.新一代天气雷达资料分析表明,强降水是由局地发展的对流回波加强合并产生的;中低层冷平流的入侵触发了强对流的产生,对流单体有明显的典型的液态强降水系统特征;逆风区及良好的垂直运动使对流单体发展加强,强降水区域尺度较大,与回波移向一致产生"列车效应",同时系统移动较慢,导致了强降水的持续.  相似文献   

8.
环北京地区八月风暴云的气候分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
基于2006—2008年8月北京新一代天气多普勒雷达资料,在TITAN(Thunderstorm Identifi-cation Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting)三维风暴识别、跟踪、分析算法的基础上,客观分析了北京地区8月的风暴气候特征。结果表明:(1)风暴初生的日变化特征表现为典型的双峰型,峰值分别在凌晨06~08时和傍晚18~20时;西南—东北走向的山脉附近风暴云初生频次明显高于其它地区,且迎风坡大于背风坡,表明地形对风暴触发的重要作用,同时地形对风暴移速、降水的分布等产生重要影响;(2)环北京地区8月50%的对流风暴云持续时间30 min,绝大部分风暴云体积400 km3,平均风暴云顶高度为6.9 km;(3)反射率因子阈值为35 dBz的风暴体积、面积、高度的频率近似呈对数正态分布;(4)通过尺度分析发现8月主要为D尺度风暴云,其平均组合面积较低纬度偏大,平均回波顶高比低纬偏高。  相似文献   

9.
新疆地区一次对流性降水的三维中尺度风场研究   总被引:2,自引:5,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
利用2004年外场试验获得的乌鲁木齐和五家渠C波段双多普勒雷达资料, 分析了双多普勒雷达风场反演方法和资料的可靠性, 研究了2004年8月8日发生在乌鲁木齐和五家渠的一次强对流性降水的回波和风场中尺度结构及演变过程。结果表明:这两部雷达观测的回波强度相关很好, 雷达基线上的径向速度基本一致, 资料可靠, 适合进行双多普勒雷达观测; Cressman插值的影响半径的变化对风场的中尺度结构基本没有影响, 径向速度误差引起的风场反演误差与该点所处的位置有关, 1 m/s径向速度误差也不会改变风场的中尺度结构。该过程为对流单体发展为对流带状回波的过程, 在对流单体的左侧生成新的对流单体, 逐步发展为长度约90 km范围的带状对流系统, 该系统恰与较强的东北风和较弱的西风形成的辐合相对应, 上升气流与强对流回波相对应, 不同对流单体有各自相独立的风场结构。用双多普勒雷达观测得到对流系统的内部风场有利于了解对流系统的内部动力过程, 从而探讨降水的形成和演变机理。  相似文献   

10.
利用常规气象资料和赤峰多普勒雷达资料,从环流背景、中尺度分析、温度对数压力蚓和雷达产品演变特征对2011年7月5日赤峰地区一次冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明:此次冰雹过程属高空冷涡型降雹,冰雹落区位于冷涡东南象限,距离冷涡中心大约7个纬度,发生在冷涡天气系统的对流多发区域。在冷涡形成过程中,干冷空气的不断南侵,高空槽在中低空逐渐前倾,在前倾槽和地面冷锋之间形成上干冷下暖湿的环境场,促使不稳定能最的不断积累。200hPa高空急流的发展促使低层切变线和地面系统的发展,触发了不稳定能量释放引发雹暴的生成。850hPa风场条件和湿度条件对出现冰雹非常有利。多普勒雷达资料表明,强对流属于超级单体风暴。可以分析出:发展旺盛时有中气旋,回波顶高在11kin以上,风暴底层有钩状回波和弱回波区,对应中高层回波悬垂,强回波达到55dBz以上且强回波垂直跨度在2~9km之间。垂直累积液态水最大值达到52kg.m-2。等特征,是典型的雹暴。  相似文献   

11.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.  相似文献   

12.
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.  相似文献   

13.
The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.  相似文献   

14.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.  相似文献   

15.
The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.  相似文献   

16.
基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project)数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。  相似文献   

17.
正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any  相似文献   

18.
19.
Index to Vol.31     
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;  相似文献   

20.
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.  相似文献   

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