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1.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国地面观测站的逐日降水资料, 研究了2007年夏季淮河流域洪涝与亚洲地区大气低频振荡的联系, 通过分析研究表明: 2007年夏季淮河流域降水低频振荡的主要周期是30～70天, 该低频序列的方差大约占了总方差的47%; 在降水低频振荡的位相5～8 (1～4), 亚洲季风区从阿拉伯海北部经孟加拉湾到我国南海地区, 以及我国淮河流域经渤海到日本地区主要受低频热源 (热汇) 的控制; 并且在极大降水位相7, 我国东部地区 (10°N～45°N, 110°E～120°E), 从北到南, 〈Q1〉低频分量的分布呈负正相间的低频热汇、 热源、 热汇、 热源形式(位相3则呈相反的分布形式); 在位相5～8 (1～4), 亚洲季风区〈Q1〉低频分量的分布有利于 (不利于) 气流向淮河流域汇合并形成辐合上升; 受低频环流变化的影响, 在位相5～8, 大量的水汽被输送到淮河流域, 辐合上升形成降水; 相反, 在位相1～4, 来自西太平洋上的水汽在该地区辐散, 不利于降水的发生。 相似文献
2.
Bhaskar Preethi Milind Mujumdar Amita Prabhu Ramesh Kripalani 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2017,53(2):305-325
Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model outputs of the South and East Asian summer monsoon variability and their tele-connections are investigated using historical simulations (1861-2005) and future projections under the RCP4.5 scenario (2006-2100). Detailed analyses are performed using nine models having better representation of the recent monsoon teleconnections for the interactive Asian monsoon sub-systems. However, these models underestimate rainfall mainly over South Asia and Korea-Japan sector, the regions of heavy rainfall, along with a bias in location of rainfall maxima. Indeed, the simulation biases, underestimations of monsoon variability and teleconnections suggest further improvements for better representation of Asian monsoon in the climate models. Interestingly, the performance of Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator version 1.0 (ACCESS1.0) in simulating the annual cycle, spatial pattern of rainfall and multi-decadal variations of summer monsoon rainfall over South and East Asia appears to more realistic. In spite of large spread among the CMIP5 models, historical simulations as well as future projections of summer monsoon rainfall indicate multi-decadal variability. These rainfall variations, displaying certain epochs of more rainfall over South Asia than over East Asia and vice versa, suggest an oscillatory behaviour. Teleconnections between South and East Asian monsoon rainfall also exhibit a multi-decadal variation with alternate epochs of strengthening and weakening relationship. Furthermore, large-scale circulation features such as South Asian monsoon trough and north Pacific subtropical high depict zonal oscillatory behaviour with east-west-east shifts. Periods with eastward or westward extension of the Mascarene High, intensification and expansion of the upper tropospheric South Asian High are also projected by the CMIP5 models. 相似文献
3.
The results by statistical analysis of black body Temperature (TBB) pentad mean from the Japanese GMS in the period of May to August, 1980-2002, show that the summer monsoon index (SMI) is defined to be the pentad mean TBB≤273 K. Its intensity includes three levels: TBB>268 K for weak monsoon, 268 K≥TBB>263 K for normal monsoon and TBB≤263K for strong monsoon over the South China sea and East Asia. In the meantime, a diagnostic method using TBB pentad anomaly is also introduced to help identify monsoon intensity. The SMI is used to run statistical analyses of the initial onset of the monsoon and its pentad variations with the year and month. A fairly close relationship is found between pentad monsoon activity and heavy rainfall periods in the two typical flood years of 1994 and 1998, which resulted from heavy rainfall over the Yangtze River basin and south China. 相似文献
4.
Probabilistic assessment of flood risks using trivariate copulas 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
In this paper, a copula-based methodology is presented for probabilistic assessment of flood risks and investigated the performance of trivariate copulas in modeling dependence structure of flood properties. The flood is a multi-attribute natural hazard and is characterized by mutually correlated flood properties peak flow, volume, and duration of flood hydrograph. For assessing flood risk, many studies have used bivariate analysis, but a more effective assessment can be possible considering all three mutually correlated flood properties simultaneously. This study adopts trivariate copulas for multivariate analysis of flood risks, and applied to a case study of flood flows of Delaware River basin at Port Jervis, NY, USA. On evaluation of various probability distributions for representation of flood variables, it is found that the flood peak flow and volumes can be best represented by Fréchet distribution, whereas flood duration by log-normal distribution. The joint distribution is modeled using four trivariate copulas, namely, three fully nested form of Archimedean copulas: Clayton, Gumbel–Hougaard, Frank copulas; and one elliptical copula: Student’s t copula. Based on distance-based performance measures, graphical tests, and tail-dependence measures, it is found that the Student’s t copula best representing the trivariate dependence structure of flood properties as compared to the other copulas. Similar results are found for bivariate copula modeling of flood variables pairs, where Student’s t copula performed better than the other copulas. The obtained copula-based joint distributions are used for multivariate analysis of flood risks, in terms of primary and secondary return periods. The resultant trivariate return periods are compared with univariate and bivariate return periods, and addressed the necessity of multivariate flood risk analysis. The study concludes that the trivariate copula-based methodology is a viable choice for effective risk assessment of floods. 相似文献
5.
通过分析 1973 ～ 1998 年(共 26 年)4 月到 8 月 NCEP/ N CA R 再分析资料, 研究了夏季风期间长江中下游地区水汽输送的气候特征。 分析了旱涝年水汽输送差异, 特别考察了 1998 年长江流域洪涝期间水汽输送的一些特点, 发现长江中下游地区水汽水平输送特征在各月有很大差异。 来自孟加拉湾经中南半岛和来自华南的水汽输入是长江中下游地区水汽的主要来源。 长江中下游的旱涝与南海夏季风爆发的早晚有密切关系。 孟加拉湾地区及南海地区对长江中下游地区水汽输送的长时间维持是造成 1998 年长江流域洪涝的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
为了揭示武义县暴雨洪涝的时空变化特征，基于1970-2018年洪涝及暴雨实测数据，统计分析反映时空变化特征的一系列指标，应用多元线性回归模型，建立水位与径流、降雨的多元相关关系。研究结果表明：洪涝在20世纪70至80年代中期次数偏少，其后开始逐渐增多，且具有3a左右的年际周期变化，12a左右和25a左右的年代际周期变化；洪涝主要发生在主汛期6-8月，其中，6月中旬至7月中旬以系统性暴雨为主，洪涝占全年60%，7月下旬至8月短时暴雨明显增多，山洪占全年50%；洪涝与西部型南亚高压、西太平洋副热带高压的变化特征正相关，同时中低层冷暖气流的汇合强度亦有利于产生洪涝；构建武义江流域水位与径流、降雨多元逐步回归模型，提出一种以水位预报为目标的洪水趋势预测方法。 相似文献
7.
In this study, the relationship between the subsystems of Asian summer monsoon is analyzed using U.S. National Centers for Environmental Protection/National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation monthly mean precipitation data. The results showed that there is significant correlation between the subsystems of Asian summer monsoon. The changes of intensity over the same period show that weak large-scale Asian monsoon, Southeast Asia monsoon and South Asian monsoon are associated with strong East Asian monsoon and decreasing rainfall in related areas. And when the large-scale Asian monsoon is strong, Southeast Asia and South Asia monsoons will be strong and precipitation will increase. While the Southeast Asia monsoon is strong, the South Asia monsoon is weak and the rainfall of South Asia is decreasing, and vice versa. The various subsystems are significantly correlated for all periods of intensity changes. 相似文献
8.
长江流域梅雨期降水强度大、范围广、持续时间长,经常导致大范围严重洪涝灾害。该类强降水事件的内动力学过程值得深入讨论。本文以2020年7月5～9日长江流域一次大范围持续性降水为例,通过WRF数值试验分析了降水过程中的凝结潜热与环流系统的相互作用过程。结果表明:在此次大范围持续性强降水事件中,由于凝结潜热的释放,在高层形成高压异常,有利于南亚高压（SAH）加强东伸,SAH东伸的同时与西太平洋副热带高压（WPSH）相互作用,加强WPSH西伸。在潜热释放中心的中低层形成低压异常,有助于阻挡WPSH北上,从而形成稳定的WPSH,有利于降雨系统在长江流域的维持。东亚夏季风演变表现为明显的停滞与北跳特征,其中WPSH的活动是季风雨带演变的核心。本文研究表明,大尺度凝结潜热释放可以通过调节天气系统形成稳定的环流系统,从而有利于雨带加强和维持。这种大尺度雨带凝结潜热释放与环流的相互作用机制可能是夏季风雨带停滞的重要过程。 相似文献
9.
2001年全球重大气候事件概述 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球气候仍持续偏暖。亚洲大部出现异常冷冬，许多地区遇到数十年未见的风雪严寒；美国冬季也连续遭受暴风雪袭击。东亚、南亚、中亚有西亚发生了大范围的持久干旱，南亚、东南亚夏季暴雨频繁，造成严重洪涝灾害。欧洲、非洲及南美洲的许多国家和地区降水异常偏多，导致不同程度的洪水，俄罗斯西伯利亚地区发生百年不遇的大洪水。北大西洋飓风较常年显著偏多，西北太平洋台风也给沿海地区带来严重灾害。 相似文献
10.
It has been shown by the observed data that during the early 1990’s, the severe disastrous climate occurred in East Asia. In the summer of 1991, severe flood occurred in the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River basin of China and in South Korea, and it also appeared in South Korea in the summer of 1993. However, in the summer of 1994, a dry and hot summer was caused in the Huaihe River basin of China and in R. O. K.. In order to investigate the seasonal predictability of the summer droughts and floods during the early l990’s in East Asia, the seasonal prediction experiments of the summer droughts and floods in the summers of 1991-1994 in East Asia have been made by using the Institute of Atmospheric Physics-Two-Level General Circulation Model (IAP-L2 AGCM), the IAP-Atmosphere/Ocean Coupled Model (IAP-CGCM) and the IAP-L2 AGCM in?cluding a filtering scheme, respectively. Compared with the observational facts, it is shown that the IAP-L2 AGCM or IAP-CGCM has some predictability for the summer droughts and floods during the early 1990’s in East Asia, es?pecially for the severe droughts and floods in China and R. O, K.. In this study, a filtering scheme is used to improve the seasonal prediction experiments of the summer droughts and floods during the early 1990’s in East Asia. The predicted results show that the filtering scheme to remain the planetary-scale disturbances is an effective method for the improvement of the seasonal prediction of the summer droughts and floods in East Asia. 相似文献
11.
气候变化情景下澜沧江流域极端洪水事件研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以澜沧江流域为研究对象,基于ISIMIP2b协议中提供的GFDL-ESM2M、HadGEM2-ES、IPSL-CM5A-LR、MIROC5这4种全球气候模式,通过4种模式的输出数据耦合VIC模型,分析4种模式在历史时期（1961—2005年)对洪峰洪量极值(年最大洪峰流量、3 d最大洪量)、极端洪水的模拟能力,比较RCR2.6和RCP6.0两种情景下未来时期（2021—2050年)年均径流量较基准期（1971—2000年)的变化情况,并结合P-III型分布曲线预估了澜沧江流域在两种情景下未来时期极端洪水的强度变化情况。结果表明：VIC模型在该流域能够较好地模拟极端洪水;HadGEM2-ES和MIROC5两种气候模式的输出数据在澜沧江流域有较好的径流模拟适用性;在RCP2.6情景下,澜沧江流域未来时期年均径流量没有明显变化,可能会有略微的增加,而在RCP6.0情景下,未来时期年均径流量有较大可能增加;澜沧江流域未来时期极端洪水较基准期,在RCP2.6情景下无明显变化,而在RCP6.0情景下,洪峰、洪量增加的可能性较大,极端洪水频率和强度也较大可能增加。 相似文献
12.
东津河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文从暴雨致灾机理出发,以东津河流域为例,开展中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划技术研究。根据气象资料、水文资料、地理信息资料、社会经济统计资料以及历史灾情资料等,运用TOPMODEL水文模型并结合统计法确定致洪临界面雨量,利用逐步回归法重建区域站资料序列,基于广义极值分布函数计算出不同重现期的致洪面雨量,根据流域内小时降水雨型分布,将不同重现期致洪面雨量以及叠加堤坝信息的DEM、manning系数等数据代人Flood Area模型进行洪水淹没模拟,得到不同重现期下洪水淹没图,再叠加流域内栅格化的人口、GDP以及土地利用信息,最终得到不同重现期下人口、GDP以及土地利用等风险区划图谱。建立的中小河流域暴雨洪涝灾害风险区划技术方法简便可行,区划结果精度高、实用性强,对于面向实时防灾减灾的动态灾害风险管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
The long-term variability of the Indian summer monsoon rain-fall and related regional and global param-eters are studied. The cubic spline is used as a digital filter to smooth the high frequency signals in the time series of the various parameters. The length of the data series varies from 95 to 115 years during the period 1871-1985. The parameters studied within the monsoon system are: (a) monsoon rainfall of the country as a whole; (b) number of break-monsoon days during July and August; (c) number of storms/ depressions in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during summer monsoon season; and (d) dates of onset of summer monsoon over South Kerala Coast. The parameters studied outside the monsoon system are: (a) the Wright’s Southern Oscillation Index (June-July-August); (b) the January mean Northern Hemi-spheric surface air temperature anomaly; and (c) the East-equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly.In order to examine the variability under various degrees of the smoothing, the series are filtered with splines of 50% variance reduction frequency of one cycle per 10, 20 and 30 years. It is observed that the smoothed time series of the parameters within the monsoon system comprise a common slowly varying com-ponent in an episodic manner distinctly showing the excess and deficient rainfall epochs. The change of intercorrelations between the time series with increasing degree of smoothing throws some light on the time scales of the dominant interactions. The relation between Southern Oscillation and East equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature and the Indian summer monsoon seems to be dominant on the interannual scale. The low frequency variations are found to have significantly contributed to the instability of the correlations of monsoon rainfall with parameters outside the monsoon system. 相似文献
14.
全球气候仍为异常暖年。赤道中、东太平洋形成新的ENSO暖事件。冬季前期连续大雪严寒席卷了欧洲大部地区，美国南部也受到罕见大雪袭击。南亚东部、中南半岛湄公河三角洲雨季降水频繁，引发严重洪涝灾害。8月，欧洲异常暴雨引发世纪大洪水，多国受灾严重。印度尼西亚、澳大利亚、美国西部、非洲大部降水持续偏少，发生严重干旱。太平洋、大西洋的热带风暴给沿岸国家带来不同程度的灾害。 相似文献
15.
近50年华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨和华北雨季旱涝特征对比分析 总被引：42，自引：10，他引：32
利用全国160站逐月降水资料,统计分析了1951～2000年50年华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨和华北雨季旱涝事件的分布特征,结果表明:近50年无论是华南前汛期降水、江淮梅雨还是华北雨季,旱(涝)事件频率相当,华南和江淮洪涝强度大于干旱强度,华北干旱与洪涝强度相当,华南前汛期降水和华北雨季总体呈趋旱的趋势,而江淮梅雨呈趋涝的趋势;华南前汛期降水年际变化最为显著,江淮梅雨次之,华北雨季最弱,年代际变化的情况正好相反;从同期500 hPa高度场来看,华南前汛期降水多少与其北侧有无低值系统向南发展关系密切,江淮梅雨和华北雨季均与副高相关显著,不同在于前者还和鄂霍茨克阻塞高压呈显著正相关,而后者受其西北侧中高纬地区的环流影响较大;从前期海温来看,华北雨季与大西洋西部和北太平洋海温关系比华南前汛期降水和江淮梅雨更为密切,江淮梅雨与中国近海海温相关关系最为显著,而华南前汛期降水与孟加拉湾附近海温相关最明显. 相似文献
16.
THE EARLY SUMMER FLOOD PERIODS OF SOUTHERN CHINA AND THE SUMMER MONSOON CIRCULATION OF EAST ASIA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the thermodynamic characteristics of the summer monsoon and foe change of the lower layer wind fields, the relation between the early summer flood periods of southern China, Including the first flood period of South China and the plum rains period of the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the activities of the summer monsoon is analysed.The establishment processes of the summer monsoon circulation of East Asia are investigated.It is shown that the beginning and ending of the flood periods are exactly in accordance with the arrival and departure of the fore boundary of the summer monsoon.The establishment process of the circulation from the very beginning of the arrival of the monsoon to the time of great prosperity of development are not the same for each year.They can be classified into four categories.Each category may have four or three stages.Besides, the structure of the summer monsoon regime of East Asia is not unitary.There exist four types of structure model of the monsoon regime of East Asia. 相似文献
17.
2003年全球重大天气与气候事件 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
全球气候持续偏暖。南亚、欧洲大部和北美洲冬季出现异常严寒 ,许多地区遇到数十年未见的暴风雪 (雨 )天气。夏季欧亚大陆和北美的多个国家出现持续高温酷热天气 ,严重干旱导致森林火灾频发 ,经济损失惨重。南亚、东南亚夏季暴雨频繁 ,造成严重洪涝灾害。非洲干旱持续 ,局部发生洪涝。美国 5月遭受特大龙卷风袭击 ,北大西洋飓风较常年显著偏多。 相似文献
18.
本文基于1979～2015年中国台站观测的格点化高分辨率降水和NCEP II大气再分析逐日资料,探讨了亚洲季风区夏季30～60天大气季节内振荡（ISO）与长江中下游地区持续性降水异常的关系,重点揭示了南亚和东亚子季风区ISO的相互作用及二者协同引起长江中下游持续性极端降水的物理机制。合成分析表明,南亚和东亚ISO是通过高层辐散环流发生相互作用。在ISO位相1～3（5～7）,异常活跃（抑制）对流从赤道印度洋北传至孟加拉湾—印度次大陆区域,其伴随的高层异常辐散（辐合）环流通过补偿效应,引起南海—热带西北太平洋的异常高层辐合（辐散）,加强了局地的异常下沉（上升）运动,有利于南海—西北太平洋的异常抑制（活跃）对流发展并维持。南海—西北太平洋的异常抑制（活跃）对流伴随着显著的斜压散度,并进一步激发出一个连接南海和长江中下游的经向垂直环流圈,引起长江中下游强烈的异常上升（下沉）运动和低层水汽辐合（辐散）,使得降水持续性偏多（少）,极端降水的发生概率持续地偏高（低）,有利于（不利于）形成持续性极端降水事件。研究还表明,亚洲季风区ISO的强度存在显著的年际变化,并对长江中下游持续性极端降水的发生频次和持续时间具有调制作用。在ISO偏强（弱）年,长江中下游持续性极端降水的发生频次较高（低）,且持续时间较长（短）。 相似文献
19.
1616-1911年河南省异常洪涝灾害的时空特征及其成因 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过分类和整理1616-1911年河南省洪涝灾害记录,建立了洪涝灾害等级序列。采用Morlet小波变换、DBSCAN空间聚类等方法研究了河南异常洪涝灾害时空分异规律。探讨了洪涝发生对东亚夏季风和太阳活动变化的响应。结果表明：河南省洪涝灾害的发生存在80 a、30 a、20 a、9 a 4个主周期。在不同冷暖时期,北部地区洪涝灾害强度大于南部地区,且气候冷期洪涝强度和发生区域明显大于气候暖期,这除了与降水分布有关外,可能还与水域分布有关。河南南、北部洪涝强度对东亚夏季风强度的响应存在较大的差异,在东亚夏季风强年,季风系统位置偏北,易引起北部地区多洪涝;在东亚夏季风弱年,季风系统位置偏南,易引起南部地区多洪涝。不同时间尺度上二者相关性有显著差异,在100 a及以下时间尺度上,东亚夏季风对河南南部的洪涝影响显著;在200 a时间尺度上,东亚夏季风对河南北部的洪涝影响更显著。洪涝灾害易出现在太阳黑子数极值年及其附近,出现在极大值M年的频率高于极小值m年。河南北部的洪涝在各种不同时间尺度上对太阳黑子周期长度（SCL）的变化均有显著响应,河南南部的洪涝只在100 a尺度上对SCL的变化有显著响应,即当SCL变长（太阳活动减弱）时,有利于河南北部洪涝的少发;反之有利于洪涝的多发。河南省洪涝的变化可能是太阳活动与东亚夏季风共同作用的结果。进一步揭示历史洪涝发生规律及其成因对于正确预估未来旱涝趋势具有重要意义。 相似文献
20.
本文选择天山开都河流域为研究区,基于巴音布鲁克和大山口2个水文站1957-2011年的日径流量观测资料,采用年最大值法（AM）抽取径流序列样本,用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall趋势检验和Pettitt检验分析年最大日流量、春季最大日流量和夏季最大日流量序列的变化规律;并运用广义极值分布（GEV）对标准化的最大日流量序列进行拟合,分析洪水频率的变化特征。结果表明：提取的6个最大日流量序列均不存在明显的趋势性,且突变点不显著;其中巴音布鲁克站年最大日流量、春季最大日流量和大山口站年最大日流量序列近似服从Frechet分布,而大山口站春季最大日流量、夏季最大日流量和巴音布鲁克站夏季最大日流量序列则服从Gumbel分布。1980年代以来,开都河流域洪水的发生频次明显增加;巴音布鲁克站夏季洪水次数持续增加,大山口站春季和夏季洪水次数均呈增加趋势,且春季洪水出现时间均有所提前。春季显著升温与冬季降水增加,是春季融雪性洪水出现时间和水量变化的主要原因;而夏季降雨量和降雨频率显著增加,是夏季洪水形成与频率变化的主导因素。 相似文献