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1.
通过对黄河下游山东东平县银山至滨州市段9条实测断面详细的观测试验、系统分析研究,定性得出了黄河水与地下水之间的补排关系及其变化规律,采用科学合理的计算方法和验证,确定了该段黄河水补给地下水的范围和强度,为沿黄地区地下水资源评价提供了依据,对黄河水资源合理利用、黄河下游治理开发有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
黄河下游河南段地下调蓄水库设想 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
朱中道 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(5):57-59
本文中黄河下游影响带指黄河水侧渗影响地下水范围，黄河南岸为12～20km，黄河北岸为13～26km，循环深度小于300m，其中河南段面积约9500km^2。本文对黄河下游影响带地下水资源潜力进行了分区评价，规划了13个远景水源地，并提出开发12个地下调蓄水库的设想。 相似文献
3.
黄河下游影响带(河南段)三维地下水流数值模拟模型及其应用 总被引：22，自引：5，他引：22
黄河下游（河南段）影响带属于黄河下游冲积平原地下水系统，黄河对地下水的影响范围为5－23km，面积为9417.6km^2。在建立水文地质概念模型的基础上，运用FEFLOW软件建立了研究区三维地下水流模拟模型，并对模型进行了识别。运用模型确定地下水多年平均补给资源和可开采资源评价；预测新建傍河水源地开采条件下，地下水位在5－10年内趋于稳定；定量研究黄河与地下水的补排关系，傍河水源地开采量的65％－75％来自黄河水，黄河大堤防渗墙工程深度为20m和45m情况下，黄河侧渗量分别减小5.72%和8.12%。 相似文献
4.
文章通过对2019年黄河下游平原区地下水流场的刻画，结合黄河水和沿岸地下水的稳定同位素18O和放射性同位素3H的分布特征，分析了小浪底水库运行20年后黄河下游侧渗影响带的范围及变化。结果表明：小浪底水库运行20年后，现状黄河下游影响带在5~25 km，在新乡-开封一带最大，约25 km，在滨州一带最小，约5 km。相对于小浪底水库运行初期，影响带在滨州以西增加0.5~5 km，尤其在新乡-郑州沿线增大最为显著，而在滨州以东影响带略有缩小。黄河影响带主要由介质条件，补给源条件和能量条件等因素控制。小浪底水库运行后，河道下切，河床渗透性增强，降低了河床物质对黄河水的"吸附和净化"能力。黄河水的水质将对沿岸地下水产生更加明显的影响，控制和改善黄河水质是保障黄河下游区生态环境高质量发展的基础。 相似文献
5.
本文应用竖管测定法对黄河中游龙门—潼关段的河床沉积物的渗透性进行了试验研究,测得了黄河河床沉积物的垂向渗透系数和水平渗透系数;应用地下水模拟软件,研究了河水与地下水的相互作用,为研究黄河水与地下水相互关系奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用环境同位素信息识别鲁北平原地下水的补给特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在野外采样的基础上,通过测试分析不同层位地下水中同位素2H 、18O、3H的特征和水化学组成,利用同位素2H、18Ｏ和3H及水化学方法识别鲁北平原地下水的补给来源,估算黄河水与地下水的转化数量,揭示黄河下游平原区的水文循环特征。研究结果表明,鲁北平原浅层地下水的主要补给源为当地的大气降水和黄河水（包括引黄灌溉和黄河水渗漏）,大气降水与黄河水所占的比例随距黄河的远近而变化。总补给量中,大气降水和黄河水的补给比例分别为86%和14%;深层地下水主要起源于古代大气降水,是在比现在寒冷的气候条件下大气降水入渗形成的。 相似文献
7.
黄河下游冲积平原区地下水的开发利用，以开采浅层地下水为主，其质量问题日益成为人们关心的焦点。本文在对大量水样资料分析的基础上，从污染评价、饮用水评价、农业灌溉用水评价、工业锅炉用水评价及综合评价等五个方面对黄河下游（河南段）地下水质量进行了评价。 相似文献
8.
黄河水δ18O、δD和3H的沿程变化特征及其影响因素研究 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：21
根据2000年8～9月雨季和2001年3～4月旱季在黄河18条断面上河水的同位素测试结果，分析了黄河水占δ^18O、δD和^3H浓度的沿程变化特征。研究结果发现，从黄河源头至入海口，黄河水具有稳定同位素比率逐渐增大而^3H浓度逐渐下降的趋势；外来水体的混合作用、蒸发作用以及人类活动对黄河水的同位素具有明显的影响。黄河源头地区和中游地区是黄河两个主要的产流区，河水同位素的变化是不同径流来源对河水补给的良好标志。兰州以上黄河源头地区河水的δ^18O、δD的季节性变化与雨水相反，地下水对河水的补给贡献旱季大于雨季。晋陕峡谷北段雨季δ^18O相对较低的岩溶水和当地雨水对河川径流有明显的补给，而旱季^3H浓度相对较低的岩溶水对河川径流有一定的补给；吴堡—潼关段雨季和旱季均有同位素比率相对较高的地表支流(如汾河、渭河)的加入。河水水面蒸发作用对兰州—包头段和黄河下游段旱季河水的δ^18O具有明显的影响，而对这些河段雨季河水的同位素影响较小，灌溉回归水的蒸发可能是影响这些地段河水同位素组成的主要因素。 相似文献
9.
同位素技术在黄河下游河水侧渗影响范围研究中的应用 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用同位素技术确定河水与地下水的关系是当前研究的热点.利用在黄河下游悬河段4个剖面上采取的67个地下水和黄河水样,获得了δD、δ18O和T(TU)在空间和时间上的分布规律.潜水的氚值和δ18O的特征表明,黄河水与地下水水力联系密切,黄河对地下水的影响,南岸在郑州一带影响范围小,约5 km,向东影响范围逐渐增大,在中牟和开封一带约为7～10 km;在黄河北岸影响范围大约9～20 km. 相似文献
10.
黄河下游地上悬河段开采条件下侧渗量变化研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文主要通过模型的方法定量研究黄河下游悬河段地下水与黄河关系。在黄河影响带水文地质条件分析的基础上,将黄河作为地下水系统的混合边界条件处理,运用地下水模型软件FEFLOW建立研究区地下水流模拟模型。以模型为工具,重点评价了原阳水源地规划开采规模为40×104m3 d情况下,地下水流场和动态的变化趋势,计算了黄河侧渗量的变化情况。结果表明,地下水流场在开采10年后趋于稳定,地下水最大水位降深为20m,激发黄河水对地下水为补给量为1 02×108m3 a,占水源地开采量的69 7%。本研究还计算了8个规划新建和扩建傍河水源地条件下地下水变化趋势和黄河侧渗量的增加量。研究表明,黄河对于研究区地下水可再生能力的提高具有重要意义,规划新建和扩建傍河水源地新增地下水开采量4 86×108m3 a是有保证的。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献