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1.
花岗岩可以有效示踪大陆基底物质,并区分具有不同地壳结构和演化历史的构造块体。洪镇花岗岩位于长江中下游地区江北A型花岗岩带的西延位置,距离郯庐断裂带约30 km。锆石SIMS定年表明,安庆怀宁县洪镇花岗岩形成于126.2±2.0 Ma,与长江中下游A型花岗岩以及大别造山带I型花岗岩的形成时代一致。洪镇花岗岩高硅、富钾,属于高钾钙碱性系列I型花岗岩。其富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,相对亏损中稀土元素和高场强元素,经历了角闪石为主的结晶分异。洪镇花岗岩具有较为富集的Sr—Nd—Hf同位素,和低放射性成因Pb同位素组成,其n(87Sr)/n(86Sr)(t)为0.7065～0.7066,εNd(t)值为-10.9～-12.0,锆石εHf(t)为-6.7～-13.2,n(206Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)、n(207Pb)/n(204Pb)(t)和n(208Pb)/n(204... 相似文献
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鄂东南地区程潮大型矽卡岩型铁矿区岩体成因探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖北程潮铁矿是鄂东南矿集区内最大的矽卡岩型铁矿床。为了系统研究矿区内不同侵入体的成因,对程潮矿区内不同时代的侵入体进行了矿物学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素研究。矿区内花岗岩、石英二长斑岩、闪长岩中的黑云母成分特征暗示它们均为壳幔物质混合成因的镁质黑云母;与成矿相关的花岗岩、石英二长斑岩中原生黑云母矿物学成分显示出原始岩浆具有高氧逸度的特征,高氧逸度为磁铁矿的形成提供了有利条件。岩石地球化学特征研究表明,不同类型的岩石都具有富钾和准铝质的特征,富集Rb、Ba、K等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,亏损Nb、Ta、Ti等高场强元素。矿区岩石的(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.705 0~0.709 1,εNd(t)值为-14.16~-6.95,206Pb/204Pb值为17.636~18.919,207Pb/204Pb值为15.451~15.613,208Pb/204Pb值为37.833~39.556。矿物学、地球化学、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素特征暗示矿区岩体为富集地幔发生部分熔融并同化混染了不同比例下地壳物质的产物,早期闪长岩（（140±1） Ma）比晚期花岗岩和石英二长斑岩（（128±1） Ma）的源区有更多的地幔成分,花岗岩和石英二长斑岩与闪长岩具有相近的锆石饱和温度（平均值分别为783、788、765℃）。 相似文献
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松辽盆地徐家围子断陷营城组火山岩中含有粗面质岩石,是深层天然气重要储层之一。岩心、钻井及地震资料研究表明,粗面岩具有高位喷发、低位充填的特征,在火山口附近厚度大,远离火山口厚度小。粗面岩主量、微量及同位素地球化学显示其属于钾玄岩系列,富集稀土元素,强不相容元素Rb、Ba、Th、U质量分数较高。粗面岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.704 321~0.705 395,εNd(t)为正值（3.36 ~ 3.83）,Pb同位素比值相对集中,(206Pb/204Pb)i、(207Pb/204Pb)i、(208Pb/204Pb)i平均值分别为18.43、15.51和38.23。研究表明,粗面质岩浆由区域年轻地壳组分部分熔融形成,经历了一定程度的分离结晶作用,地壳混染作用不显著。粗面质岩浆多期次喷发后形成粗面岩,热液气体不断聚集发生隐蔽爆破形成角砾,未固结的角砾被岩浆期后热液“胶结”,形成隐爆角砾岩,构成了粗面质岩石重要的储层类型。 相似文献
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松树沟蛇绿岩中镁铁质岩的Sm-Nd全岩等时年龄为1030±46Ma,∈Nd(t)=+5.7,模式年龄在1422-1271Ma之间,矿物的内部等时年龄为983±140Ma。全岩等时年龄为其形成上限,矿物内部等时年龄为其变质年龄,说明该蛇绿岩形成于中元古代中、晚期。镁铁质岩的∈Nd(t)在+4.2-+6.9之间,是DMM与EMI两个地幔端元的混合产物;206Pb/204Pb在18.06-18.66之间,207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb值较高,分别在15.55-15.60和37.59-38.38之间,207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb对206Pb/204Pb的关系表明,岩浆源于具DUPAL异常的源区,(207Pb/204Pb)i相对(208Pb/204Pb)i更偏离NHRL可能是变质流体作用的反映。∈Sr(t)值较高且变化大,可与蛇绿岩类比,87Sr/86Sr比值变化大,可能与海水蚀变作用有关。据此推测,松树沟蛇绿岩代表洋壳残片。 相似文献
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大兴安岭南端红山子盆地流纹岩的成因:元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素制约 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
红山子晚侏罗世早期火山盆地位于西拉木伦河-长春缝合带以南、康宝-围场-赤峰-开原断裂带以北的辽源地块,其中赋存铀钼矿床的流纹岩为肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩。为了查明流纹岩的物质来源和形成的构造背景,本文分析了流纹岩的主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素组成。分析结果显示：流纹岩具有高SiO2、K2O和Fe2O3/FeO值,低Al2O3、CaO和MgO的特征,肉红色流纹岩比灰白色流纹岩的SiO2含量略低、（K2O+Na2O）含量高和Fe2O3/FeO值略高;肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩均有较高的稀土含量,明显富集轻稀土,显著亏损铕;高场强元素Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、Ce、Y、Ga和大离子亲石元素Rb、Th、U的含量较高,但大离子亲石元素Ba、Sr的含量低且变化较大,具有A1型流纹岩、低Sr-Ba流纹岩和板内拉张构造流纹岩的微量元素特征;具有较小的（87Sr/86Sr）i、较高的εNd（t）、较年轻的TDM2和较低的（206Pb/204Pb）i、（207Pb/204Pb）i、（208Pb/204Pb）i,指示流纹岩是源于EMⅠ富集地幔的中元古代年轻下地壳部分熔融的产物,并在岩浆过程中经历了结晶分异。肉红色流纹岩和灰白色流纹岩的差异可能与年轻下地壳物质的成分差异有关。 相似文献
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雄村矿区位于西藏冈底斯斑岩铜成矿带，是唯一一个与洋壳俯冲有关斑岩型矿床。通过对雄村斑岩型铜金矿床硫、铅同位素进行研究，揭示成矿物质来源。研究表明上述矿体的金属硫化物的δ34S变化于-2.7‰～2.7‰，平均值为-0.32‰，分布范围较窄，来源单一，成矿热液的δ34S∑S均表现为深源岩浆硫。矿石金属硫化物的铅同位素206Pb/204Pb为17.972～18.752，平均值为18.437;207Pb/204Pb为15.497～15.733，平均值为15.585;208Pb/204Pb为38.001～39.153，平均值为38.561。另外铅同位素的相关参数表现为异常铅。在铅同位素判别图解中，表明雄村矿区金属硫化物的铅主要来源于地幔物质，可能有少量俯冲沉积物混入。 相似文献
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沙茨基海隆(Shatsky Rise)是白垩纪早期形成的西北太平洋大火成岩省,其成因和演化过程目前仍存在较大争议。本次研究对沙茨基海隆白垩纪玄武岩进行了全岩主量、微量元素、Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的分析。沙茨基海隆玄武岩主要属于拉斑玄武岩,具有较亏损的大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素以及较富集的重稀土元素的特征,没有明显的Eu异常(δEu=0.99～1.29),与正常洋中脊玄武岩(N-MORB)的微量元素配分模式较为相似。然而该系列玄武岩却具有相对较富集的初始87Sr/86Sr(0.702986～0.703991)和143Nd/144Nd(0.513034～0.513194)同位素比值、较富集的207Pb/204Pb(15.439～15.508)和208Pb/204Pb(37.853～38.488)同位素比值,与富集的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)和岛弧火山岩的同位素成分较为相似,且源区混入高U/Pb比值(HIMU型)的富集地幔成... 相似文献
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栗山铅锌铜矿床位于江南造山带多金属成矿带中段,是湘东北地区近几年发现的一大型矿床。本文对矿区内的黑云母二长花岗岩和二云母二长花岗岩进行了岩石地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素和黑云母矿物成分研究。岩石地球化学特征显示,两种二长花岗岩均属于高钾钙碱性系列。其中,黑云母二长花岗岩属于正常S型花岗岩,富集Rb、Th、K大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti高场强元素,有弱的Eu负异常,源区岩石为变质杂砂岩;二云母二长花岗岩属于分异的S型花岗岩,富集Rb、Th、U、K大离子亲石元素,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti高场强元素,Eu负异常大于前者,源区岩石为变泥质岩和少量变质杂砂岩。黑云母二长花岗岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i值在0.7143～0.7159之间,εNd(t)值介于-9.4～-8.5,两阶段模式年龄tDM2变化范围为1631～1703 Ma;二云母二长花岗岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i值在0.7156～0.7... 相似文献
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中祁连西段黑沟梁子花岗岩的锆石U-Pb同位素年龄及成因 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
黑沟粱子花岗岩岩体为中祁连山带两段野马南山巨量花岗岩的一部分,出露于野马山南北缘,岩性为黑云母二长花岗岩。δ值、NK／A值、A／NCK值、Eu负异常、δEu值、ACF图解、87Sr/86Sr比值、εSr、147Sm／144Nd比值、207Pb/204Pb比值、ENd值等岩石化学和同位素特征表明黑沟粱子花岗岩属钙碱性过铝质岩系,浆来源于地壳物质的重熔,具S型花岗岩特点。通过对黑沟梁子花岗岩的颗粒级锆石U-Pb同位素测年,获得206Pb/238U表面年龄统计权重平均值为(444±17)Ma。w(Nb)-w(Y)和w(Rb)一w(Y+Nd)图和R1-R2图解上两个样点均落入同碰撞花岗岩区,结合前人研究成果可以确定该岩体形成于板块碰撞阶段。该岩体的锆石U-Pb年龄的确定和成因的探讨对于深入研究祁连造山带的构造演化提供了一条重要的地质信息。 相似文献
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为了进一步了解天池火山黑石沟地区与中晚更新世火山活动有关的玄武岩墙的成因及构造背景,在遥感解译和野外地质调查基础上,开展了岩体的元素地球化学、全岩Sr-Nd同位素和年代学分析。结果表明：1)玄武岩墙主量元素具有偏高的MgO、CaO质量分数和低的Na2O质量分数,属于钾质、准铝质、亚碱性玄武岩系列。其显著富集Li、Cs、Be、Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素(LILE),弱富集Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf、U、Th等高场强元素(HFSE),对应高场强元素Zr/Hf、Nb/Ta和Th/U值分别为40.92～45.10、15.77～16.34和3.49～3.76。2)全岩中的(87Sr/86Sr)i与(143Nd/144Nd)i值范围分别为0.704 570～0.704 690和0.512 552～0.512 571,对应的εNd(t)值范围在0.87～1.45之间。岩墙中K-Ar成岩年龄(0.35～0.34 Ma)及火山区... 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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Between 1985 and 1991, two new mountain protected areas (MTNPA) covering more than 35,000 km2 and based on participatory management models — the Makalu-Barun National Park and Conservation Area, Nepal, and Qomolangma Nature Preserve, Tibet Autonomous Region — were successfully established through the collaborative efforts of Woodlands Mountain Institute and conservationists in China and Nepal. Characteristics common to both projects include the importance of establishing (1) effective rationales, (2) local support constituencies, (3) a senior advisory group, (4) a task force, (5) linkages between conservation and development, and (6) fund raising mechanisms. The lessons derived from the experiences of Woodlands Mountain Institute are of significant value to others in preserving MTNPA. Increased collaboration and communication between all interested in conservation, however, will remain a critical component for expanding mountain protected area coverage to throughout the world. 相似文献
19.
岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
20.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献