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南京大气高浓度污染的特征及与气象条件的关系 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
本文研究了南京市SO_2和NO_x高浓度污染的气候特征及与气象条件、天气形势的关系,得到了高浓度污染时的一些指标,为其预报提供了一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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为了探讨短时高浓度与相对长时间低浓度下不同的PM_(2.5)污染过程对小鼠急性氧化应激及炎症反应的不同影响,将48只雄性C57BL/6小鼠按体重随机分为6组(n=6),使用人工气候环境暴露仓模拟不同的PM_(2.5)污染过程,分别给予轻度污染组(PM_(2.5)平均浓度为100μg·m~(-3))连续暴露72 h,中度污染组(PM_(2.5)平均浓度为150μg·m~(-3)),连续暴露48 h,重度污染组(PM_(2.5)平均浓度为250μg·m~(-3))连续暴露28. 8 h;每组设置空白对照组。暴露染毒结束后,采用试剂盒法测定C-反应蛋白(CRP)、结构性一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、白介素-8(IL-8)。低浓度长时间的PM_(2.5)暴露组的CRP、cNOS、IL-8水平显著高于高浓度短时间暴露组,差异性具有统计学意义(P0. 05或P0. 01),cNOS的抑制水平为低浓度长时间组显著高于高浓度短时间组,差异性具有统计学意义(P0. 05或P0. 01)。结论:相同暴露剂量下PM_(2.5)轻度污染持续72 h的健康损害比PM_(2.5)重度污染持续28. 8 h的对健康损害更大,PM_(2.5)中度污染持续48 h的健康损害次之,应重视长时间轻、中度污染对人体健康的影响,适当调整空气质量的预警标准。 相似文献
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气象因子对近地面臭氧污染影响的研究 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
本文通过对１９９３年春季和春夏之交的O3浓度逐日变化、日变化和气象因子关系的分析，提出了影响O3浓度的主导气象因子和不同情况下形成高浓度O3的主要因子，提出了大风速对逐日变化中O3浓度特高及浓度日变化峰值的重要作用，并指出高温、低湿、小风并不是在所有情况都是促成高浓度O3的因子。另外，雾也可以成为近地面O3浓度增值的因素，主要原因是雾内湍流发展将高浓度O3大量输向下方。 相似文献
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一、引言 1971年8月在大阪府大和川以南的南部地区,首次发生了光化学反应造成大气污染(以下称为光化学烟雾)危害公众健康的事件。已查明当时的呼吸道综合症发病情况与该地区观测到的高浓度氧化剂的发生有密切关系。另一方面,从当时大气中氧化剂、臭氧等其他污染物的变化与气象条件的变化状况看,观测到的高浓度氧化剂和臭氧是光化学反应生成物。这样,光化学烟雾的发生,与以前的二氧化硫气体、悬浮微粒等一次污染物造成的高浓度大气污染的发生一样,气象条件是一个重要因素。另外,在污染物之间的光化学反应造成新的二次污染物这一点上,与以往一次污染物引起的大气污染略有不同。而且,这种化学反应是在大气中发生的,因此可以直接作为表示大气污染加剧的一个指标。 相似文献
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近地层大气臭氧对作物光合作用影响的数值模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
近地层O3浓度增加对作物光合产生不利影响,因此,利用TE-49C型臭氧自动观测仪对常熟农田上方O3浓度进行了逐时测定,同时利用OTC-1型农田开顶式气室,测定了不同O3浓度对冬小麦叶片光合作用的影响.在此基础上,首次建立了O3对冬小麦光合作用影响的数值机理模式,模式分辨率达到瞬时时间尺度,空间积分采用Ross方案,具有较高分辨率和准确度.对O3浓度观测表明:O3浓度逐时值变化在0～160×10-9之间,相比之下日平均值变化较小,仅在5×10-9～60×10-9之内;长江中下游地区农田上方O3存在三种典型日变化形式:高浓度单峰型、高浓度多峰型和低浓度平缓型.数值分析表明:全晴天状况下高浓度单峰型对光合作用日总量影响最大.数值敏感分析表明:O3浓度和辐射同步变化时,随着日总辐射量的加大,臭氧浓度增加对光合作用的影响程度逐渐加强.全生育期积分表明:水肥适宜时,由于O3影响冬小麦光合总损失量约为9.22%. 相似文献
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通过室内毒理实验，研究印染废水(主要有毒物质为苯胺C6H5NH2和苯酚C6H5OH，质量浓度分别为20mg／L和24mg／L)、电镀废水(主要有毒物质为锌、铜和铅，质量浓度分别为1970mg／L、9mg／L和7．5mg／L)、农药废水(主要有毒物质为久效磷和亚磷酸盐二甲酯)及其混合废水对中国对虾(Peanaeus chinensis)无节幼体和仔虾的急性毒性作用。结果表明，印染废水、电镀废水、农药废水及其混合物对无节幼体48h LC50。(95％可信限区间)和96h LC50(95％可信限区间)分别为2．27％(1．72％～2．99％)、0．29％(0．22％～0．37％)、0．86％(0．64％～1．15％)及0．30％(0．22％～0．40％)和1．03％(0．79％～1．34％)、0．16％(0．12％～0．19％)、0．38％(0．30％～0．48％)及0．18％(0．13％～0．24％)；对仔虾48h LC50(95％可信限区间)和96h LC50(95％可信限区间)分别为3．51％(2．38％～5．18％)、0．40％(0．29％～0．55％)、2．06％(1．34％～3．17％)及0．52％(0．39％～0．71％)和1．44％(1．06％～1．96％)、0．21％(0．15％～0．29％)、0．71％(0．51％～0．99％)及0．22％(0．17％～0．29％)。3种工业废水的毒性从大到小依次为：电镀废水、农药废水、印染废水，无节幼体较仔虾对这废水的毒性更为敏感。3种废水以等体积混合时，对无节幼体和仔虾的联合毒性表现为协同作用。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献
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《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,(6)
正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献