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C波段双线偏振雷达反射率因子易受衰减的影响,为了提高降雨的准确性,需要对雷达反射率因子进行衰减订正。K_(DP)是能够用于衰减订正的一个有效因子,本文采用小波分析法对Ф_(DP)数据进行预处理,再将处理后的数据拟合得到相对准确的K_(DP)。为了验证衰减订正的效果,利用S波段雷达反射率因子作为参考,对比分析了衰减订正前后C波段双线偏振雷达反射率因子的变化,结果表明:经过衰减订正后的Z_H更接近于S波段雷达的反射率因子。在进行降雨估测时,不同方案估测降雨的差异较大,当C波段双线偏振雷达与S波段雷达均采用Z-R关系估测降雨时,S波段雷达的效果更好。当C波段双线偏振雷达采用衰减订正后的R(Z_H,K_(DP))法估测降雨时,效果优于S波段雷达的R(Z)方案。当降雨强度10 mm·h~(-1)时,雷达估测的雨量普遍低于地面雨量计的雨量,经过雨量计校准后,可以进一步提高降雨估测精度。 相似文献
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C波段偏振雷达数据预处理及在降水估计中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2016,(1)
利用移动式C波段双线偏振雷达(PCDJ)观测资料,对安徽定远2013年6—7月3次降水过程进行数据处理方法和降水估计效果的分析,提出了优化的C波段双偏振雷达数据处理方案,在优化的R(Z_H)关系条件下,分析了降水估测的效果。对比分析中值滤波和小波分析方法对差传播相移Φ_(DP)数据处理的效果,发现小波分析方法对Φ_(DP)数据处理具有明显的改善作用;采用变距离法对小波分析处理后的Φ_(DP)数据进行拟合得到的K_(DP),数据的连续性和平滑度较好,且应用于降水估计的精度更高;利用较好的数据处理方法(小波分析)拟合得到的K_(DP)对水平反射率因子Z_H进行雨区衰减校正;以及利用SA雷达与PCDJ雷达衰减校正后的数据进行对比观测,表明PCDJ雷达回波强度比SA雷达偏弱。对两部雷达进行定量降水估计,并与地面雨量计小时降水量资料进行对比分析,结果表明:当降水强度5 mm·h~(-1)时,PCDJ雷达利用R(Z_H,K_(DP))关系估测降水的精度比R(Z_H)关系高,当降水强度5 mm·h~(-1)时,则相反;SA雷达与PCDJ雷达均基于反射率因子估测降水,SA雷达的效果更好;但在降水强度5 mm·h~(-1)时,PCDJ雷达基于R(Z_H,K_(DP))关系估测降水较SA雷达基于R(Z)关系方法具有更明显的优势。 相似文献
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基于S波段双线偏振雷达资料、雨量计资料及激光雨滴谱数据,在CSU-ICE算法的基础上建立了CSU-LPA算法.以华南地区一次季风暴雨过程为评估对象,对CSU-LPA算法与传统PPS (Precipitation Processing System)算法进行了效果对比,评估该算法在业务中的应用效果.结果 表明,在绝对值相对误差指标上,CSU-LPA算法相对于PPS算法其估测误差减小了约16％;PPS算法在过程累计估测降水分布中存在几个区域的显著高估,且估测散点值分布离散,而CSU-LPA算法的估测结果与实况吻合度较高,估测散点值分布集中,说明新算法稳定性良好;单站小时累计估测降水中,CSU-LPA算法能有效抑制PPS算法的高估效应,尤其在累计雨量较大的时候体现得更为明显. 相似文献
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杭州下沙S波段天气雷达在双偏振升级的基础上增加了精细化探测技术，为了进一步提高雷达定量降水估测精度，本文参考小时雨量计订正雷达估测降水算法模型，建立了一种基于分钟级雨量计数据的实时定量降雨估测雨强订正方法（简称QPE ADJUST法），利用雨量计资料对雷达的QPE数据逐体扫实时订正，累计完成1 h、3 h降水估测产品，提高了雷达降水估测精度。通过对雷达产品及自动站数据资料的评估，分别从降水估测算法、雷达分辨率影响及体扫周期速度影响3方面对QPE ADJUST法的估测降水效果进行了统计分析。结果表明：QPE ADJUST法在雷达高分辨率、快体扫周期的情况下均比其他算法更好地表现出降水时空分布特征，并将雷达小时定量降水估测的误差从50%降低至20%左右，有很高的估测精度和稳定性，具有业务应用价值。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2016,(2)
为了探讨利用雨滴谱数据验证雷达观测的回波强度的偏差和实时拟合反射率因子(Z)与降水强度(R)的关系(即Z-R关系)进行定量降水估测的可能性,以发生在江苏南部的三次大范围降水过程为例,首先分析雨滴谱数据、雷达数据和雨量计数据的一致性,然后利用雨滴谱仪网法和传统方法分别进行降水估测,并对比两种方法的降水估测效果。结果表明:雷达和雨滴谱仪观测的回波强度具有较好的一致性;采用雨量计数据和雨滴谱计算的平均降水强度存在一定差异,但其变化趋势基本一致。相对于层状云降水,两种方法对对流云降水估测的误差更大,对层状云降水的估测,雨滴谱仪网法略优于传统方法,但对对流云降水的估测,雨滴谱仪网法更具优势。总体上,雨滴谱仪网法估测的降水,其偏差和相对误差更小,估测值总量与雨量计观测雨量更接近,估测降水的效果更好。 相似文献
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地形的起伏使雷达波束受到严重的遮挡,使回波数据质量受到很大干扰。本文使用SRTM任务的DEM数据和谷歌公司的DEM数据分别计算了位于北京南郊的S波段雷达低仰角的波束遮挡率,建立了部分遮挡区域的回波反射率订正关系,并在2018年5月19日北京一次大范围层状云降水过程中,对波束遮挡订正前后的雷达定量估测雨量与地面3个雨量计观测结果进行了定性与定量化对比分析。结果表明:①波束遮挡订正有助于改善反射率因子的空间连续性。波束遮挡订正后的仰角0.5°的反射率与1.5°的反射率之间的差值整体呈现缩小特征,符合层状云降水垂直廓线特点。②09:00—11:00,相比波束遮挡订正前的雷达定量估测雨量(QPE),波束订正后的QPE准确性得到改善,使用分级标准误差与归一化平均偏差评价波束遮挡订正前后QPE与雨量计实测值之间的误差,波束订正后的反射率估测雨量与雨量计实测雨量一致性更好。 相似文献
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X波段双线偏振雷达的衰减是影响其回波强度(ZH)和差分反射率因子(ZDR)应用的主要问题,影响了雷达的探测精度以及降水估测的精度。考虑到传播相移率(K_(DP))在低信噪比情况下数据质量问题,本文对比了4种订正方法(Z_H-K_(DP)法,整段ZPHI法,20库ZPHI法,80库ZPHI法)的订正效果,将广州S波段双线偏振雷达数据作为标准来评判佛山X波段双线偏振雷达衰减订正效果,由于两部雷达的位置差异,为了得到精确的点对点(方位角、仰角、距离库)的数据对,对广州S波段双线偏振雷达数据进行坐标转换以及插值处理,通过与广州S波段雷达数据进行对比分析相对偏差以及相关系数等,得出ZPHI订正法的效果要优于Z_H-K_(DP)综合订正法。 相似文献
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CINRAD-SA双偏振雷达资料在降水估测中的应用初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对基于水平反射率ZH和差分传播相移率K_(DP)的降水估测综合法R(C)进行了改进,并对广州S波段双偏振雷达2016年2次飑线和2次台风降水过程的Φ_(DP)使用小波分析进行滤波处理,在此基础上使用变距最小二乘法拟合得到K_(DP)的值。分别使用R(C)和R(Z_H)法对2次飑线和2次台风降水过程进行降水估算,将估算结果和雨量计小时雨量进行了对比,并将两种方法的评估结果进行了对比。结果表明:(1)对于飑线类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度要好于R(Z_H)法,且降水率越大,R(C)法优势越明显,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均相对误差(RE)降低了17. 2%,平均绝对误差(AE)减少了1.89 mm,平均均方根误差(RMSE)减少了1.66 mm;(2)对于台风类型降水,R(C)法对5 mm·h~(-1)以上的降水估测精度也好于R(Z_H)法,当降水率≥20 mm·h~(-1)时,两次过程R(C)法比R(Z_H)法的平均RE降低了33. 19%,平均AE减少了3. 95 mm,平均RMSE减少了4.05 mm;(3)对于飑线和台风两种类型降水R(C)法都明显改善了降水率较大时的R(Z_H)法低估问题,但R(C)法在降水率10 mm·h~(-1)时也存在低估,可能是由雨滴谱资料观测误差导致拟合的系数偏小或雷达硬件造成的观测偏差等造成的。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
17.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
20.
Hourly outgoing longwave radiation(OLR) from the geostationary satellite Communication Oceanography Meteorological Satellite(COMS) has been retrieved since June 2010. The COMS OLR retrieval algorithms are based on regression analyses of radiative transfer simulations for spectral functions of COMS infrared channels. This study documents the accuracies of OLRs for future climate applications by making an intercomparison of four OLRs from one single-channel algorithm(OLR12.0using the 12.0 μm channel) and three multiple-channel algorithms(OLR10.8+12.0using the 10.8 and 12.0 μm channels; OLR6.7+10.8using the 6.7 and 10.8 μm channels; and OLR All using the 6.7, 10.8, and 12.0 μm channels). The COMS OLRs from these algorithms were validated with direct measurements of OLR from a broadband radiometer of the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES) over the full COMS field of view [roughly(50°S–50°N, 70°–170°E)] during April 2011.Validation results show that the root-mean-square errors of COMS OLRs are 5–7 W m-2, which indicates good agreement with CERES OLR over the vast domain. OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All have much smaller errors(～ 6 W m-2) than OLR12.0and OLR10.8+12.0(～ 8 W m-2). Moreover, the small errors of OLR6.7+10.8and OLR All are systematic and can be readily reduced through additional mean bias correction and/or radiance calibration. These results indicate a noteworthy role of the6.7 μm water vapor absorption channel in improving the accuracy of the OLRs. The dependence of the accuracy of COMS OLRs on various surface, atmospheric, and observational conditions is also discussed. 相似文献