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1.
《矿物岩石》2018,(4)
针对松潘-甘孜造山带中部的容须卡锂辉石矿床中进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学2件石英闪长岩、3件花岗岩闪长岩及锆石U-Pb年代学1件研究,结果表明,岩体具有中-高硅(59.05%～67.67%),高钾(1.64%～2.46%)、富钙(4.11%～7.38%)、贫铝(10.63%～17.61%),铝饱和指数(A/CNK0.58～1.15)偏低的特征,并且岩体中普遍含角闪石,岩石类型属Ⅰ型花岗岩系列。稀土总量变化较大,稀土配分曲线为右倾型,轻稀土相对富集。δEu为0.75～1.63,平均为0.90,具有较弱的负铕异常。野外观测、镜下鉴定及微量元素地球化学特征均显示该岩体原始岩浆起源于壳-幔混熔或下地壳物质的部分熔融,属下地壳重熔的I型高钾钙碱性花岗岩系列岩石。微量元素构造环境判别投点位于火山弧花岗岩区域,与岛弧型花岗岩具有相似的特征,形成于松潘-甘孜造山带碰撞后构造背景,源区可能来自黑云母的脱水熔融。容须卡黑云母石英闪长岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb加权平均年龄为214.4Ma±1.2Ma(MSWD=0.064),表明容须卡岩体原始岩浆的初始结晶时代为晚三叠世。容须卡岩体形成于晚三叠世碰撞后构造环境,是壳-幔岩浆的拆沉作用导致壳-幔混熔的产物,(含稀有金属)伟晶岩脉与与该花岗岩体在成因上有联系。 相似文献
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对位于松潘-甘孜地体南部的兰尼巴岩体和羊房沟岩体进行了详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,重点讨论了岩体的成因。U-Pb激光剥蚀等离子体质谱(LA-ICPMS)年龄集中在211Ma附近,属晚三叠世,代表了岩体的形成年龄。两岩体具有中等至较高的SiO2含量(58.31%～68.02%)和较高的全碱含量(6.70%～8.80%),具有准铝质(A/CNK=0.68～0.99)的特征,属于高钾钙碱性到橄榄玄粗岩系列。其中,兰尼巴岩体南段富Al2O3(15.85%～16.27%)、K2O(3.29%～3.40%),中等MgO(1.16%～1.47%),并具有高Sr(869×10-6～1032×10-6)、低Y(9.53×10-6～9.85×10-6)特征以及中等至较高的稀土元素分馏[(La/Yb)N>31],并且见有暗色包体,非常类似于下地壳熔融形成的钾质埃达克岩。兰尼巴岩体的北段及羊房沟岩体的主量元素、微量元素特征都很相似,相对兰尼巴岩体南段具有更高的K2O含量(4.08%～5.96%),相对低的Sr(664×10-6～868×10-6),稍高的Y(19.71×10-6～27.76×10-6)和明显较低的Sr/Y比值(29.39～42.05),显示出高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩的特征,可能来自于增厚下地壳的部分熔融。野外地质特征和地球化学特征均显示岩体的形成有幔源物质或新生地壳物质的参与,其中幔源岩浆的加入为松潘-甘孜造山带大量中生代花岗岩的形成提供了热源和部分物源。地幔岩浆的上侵和高钾钙碱性花岗岩体的形成标志着松潘-甘孜造山带至少在晚三叠世就已处于伸展构造环境。 相似文献
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新火山和乌拉溪花岗岩体侵位于松潘-甘孜造山带南部的江浪穹隆中,是理解松潘-甘孜造山带的构造演化的重要窗口.锆石U-Pb定年结果表明新火山和乌拉溪花岗岩体的结晶年龄为162±1～170±0.5 Ma.岩体主要由石英、斜长石、钾长石和少量黑云母组成,具有低A/CNK(1.10～0.99)、TFeO/MgO(8.55～2.83)和K2O/Na2O(1.34～0.51),较低的Zr+Nb+Ce+Y浓度(平均258×10-6),Al2O3、P2O5与SiO2呈负相关,相当于I型花岗岩的特征.一些主微量元素具有明显的关联性,说明在岩浆演化过程中发生了分离结晶(例如:角闪石和钛铁矿).富集轻稀土和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,并具有较低的Mg#值(38.7～17.3)和Y/Nb值(0.45～0.16)以及多数为负的εHf(t)值(-24.8～-7.6),证明岩浆可能起源于古老地壳的部分熔融并受到幔源或者新生地壳熔融混染.松潘-甘孜地块的中侏罗世岩浆活动是在造山运动向陆内伸展这一构造体制转化背景下,由于地壳伸展造成了古老中基性地壳的部分熔融. 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2016,(2)
对松潘-甘孜北部岗龙地区的花岗岩岩株进行了详细的岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和锆石Hf同位素的研究,探讨了其成因。结果表明,锆石LA-ICP-MS测年年龄分别为(207.5±2),(209±2.4)Ma,形成时期为晚三叠世。SiO_2质量分数较高,高K低Na。Al_2O_3质量分数高,为强过铝质。轻稀土元素富集,具明显的Eu负异常,亏损Ba、Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti,富集Rb、Th、Pb、Hf等,具有S型花岗岩特征,锆石εHf(t)值在-18.6~4.7之间,推测为三叠纪浊流沉积经部分熔融结晶而成,并受到地幔物质的混染,通过锆石饱和温度,推测幔源岩浆为岩体的形成提供了热源。结合松潘-甘孜造山带区域地质背景及岩浆演化规律分析表明,松潘-甘孜造山带印支期花岗岩形成于地壳拆沉作用,岗龙地区S型花岗岩是中地壳重融作用形成。 相似文献
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松潘-甘孜地体中的花岗岩主要形成于印支晚期至燕山初期,其主体是扬子地块沿龙门山构造带向松潘-甘孜地体内楔入导致松潘-甘孜地体中下地壳低速层发生部分熔融的结果.虽然在松潘-甘孜地体中多数岩体长轴走向和矿物定向均呈北西向,但过去区调中划分的北西向的金川-理县构造岩浆带不能代表这种楔入作用的产物,而应重新划分为北东向的道孚-金川-小金-黑水构造岩浆带,四姑娘山岩体是这个北东向构造岩浆带中的典型岩体.四姑娘山花岗岩属高Ba-Sr的钙碱性岩石,具有碰撞花岗岩的特征和岛弧花岗岩的某些特征,而非A型花岗岩;其岩浆成分以中下地壳为主并有幔源特质的加入,其锆石普遍具有岩浆锆石的特征.通过对四姑娘山花岗岩体的黑云母花岗闪长岩中的23粒锆石激光探针U-Pb定年,确定其岩浆结晶年龄为燕山早期(191±1)Ma.此年龄对解决龙门山断裂带形成的初始时间具有重要意义. 相似文献
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本文对四川九龙新火山花岗岩岩体中的锆石进行了详细的LA-ICP-MS U-Pb同位素年龄测定。该岩体中的锆石发育较好的环带结构,Th/U值较高(大于0.13),具有岩浆成因锆石的特征。研究结果表明,新火山岩体中锆石的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为181.2±1.4Ma(MSWD=3.3),代表了新火山花岗岩的结晶年龄,为早侏罗世,反映了松潘-甘孜造山带燕山期岩浆活动的一个重要阶段,为进一步理解松潘-甘孜燕山期花岗质岩浆活动及其动力学背景等提供了有力的证据。 相似文献
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松潘甘孜造山带早侏罗世的后造山伸展:来自川西牛心沟和四姑娘山岩体的地球化学制约 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
牛心沟岩体和四姑娘山岩体位于松潘甘孜造山带东部,分别为中生代中性和酸性侵入岩.牛心沟岩体具有中等的SiO2含量(53.7%～63.6%),较高的K2O(3.44%～5.06%)和全碱含量(K2O Na2O=6.55%～8.80%),显示橄榄粗玄岩特征.牛心沟岩体的微量元素Ba(1280～2010 μg/g)、Sr(1010～1660 μg/g)含量很高,稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=37.4～67.3),Nb、Ta和Ti明显负异常,并缺乏明显的Eu和Sr负异常,因此属于高Ba-Sr系列范围.牛心沟岩体的Cr(37.6～193 μg/g)、Ni(9.13～76.8 μg/g)和V(57.1～126 μg/g)等过渡元素含量变化较大,并与SiO2含量之间存在负相关关系,且岩体的几个不相容元素对的比值变化较大(Zr/Sm=2.54～29.7、Nb/La=0.13～0.38、Th/Nb=0.53～0.94),表明该岩体可能由幔源基性岩浆与壳源酸性岩浆混合形成.四姑娘山岩体的SiO2含量介于68.9%～73.6%之间,具有较高的全碱含量(K2O Na2O=7.21%～9.38%)、高场强元素含量和较高的10000×Ga/Al比值(2.34～3.03),同时具有平坦的重稀土分布模式((Gd/Yb)N=0.79～1.43),明显的Eu负异常以及较高的Rb、Th和U含量,该岩体相对低的Ba、Sr、P和Ti含量表明它经历了相当程度的分离结晶作用,反映出A型花岗岩的特征.地球化学特征显示两岩体的形成均有幔源物质或新生地壳物质的参与,其中幔源岩浆的加入为松潘甘孜造山带大量中生代花岗岩的形成提供了热源和部分物源.地幔岩浆的上侵和四姑娘山A型花岗岩体的形成标志着松潘甘孜造山带至少在早侏罗世以前就已处于伸展构造体制. 相似文献
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乌拉溪岩体位于松潘—甘孜造山带南段,江浪穹隆北部。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年获得岩体年龄为159.31±0.9Ma。岩石中出现含钙钠长石和铁叶云母等A型花岗岩典型矿物;岩体具有高SiO2、Na2O和K2O含量,高FeOt/MgO、Ga/Al比值,以及低TiO2、CaO和MgO含量特征;稀土元素配分模式呈右倾海鸥型,Eu负异常明显;微量元素富含Rb、Nb和Ga等高场强元素,原始地幔标准化蛛网图显示出Ba、Sr、P和Ti亏损;岩体中锆石的古核稀少,锆石饱和温度计算显示岩体成岩温度很高(变化在967~984℃之间);岩体还相对富铝,A/CNK=0.97~1.27,分布比较集中,都大于0.95,过碱指数(NK/A=0.74~0.91)较低,均在1之下。以上特征表明乌拉溪二云母花岗岩为铝质A型花岗岩。锆石n(176Hf)/n(177Hf)比值变化于0.282228~0.282749,平均值为0.282586,fLu/Hf为-0.99~-0.10,平均值为-0.90,εHf(t)绝大多数为负值,变化于-15.88~1.77之间,平均值为-3.14,说明岩石形成是壳源物质占主导地位,可能为江浪穹隆核部元古宙变质核杂岩的部分熔融。结合区域构造演化,本文认为乌拉溪二云母花岗岩形成于陆—陆碰撞之后的伸展环境,是甘孜—松潘造山带在燕山早期增厚的地壳因伸展松弛而发生减压熔融的产物。 相似文献
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松潘造山带马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的成因及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松潘造山带广泛出露印支期后碰撞型花岗岩类, 其中包括埃达克质花岗岩类、A型花岗岩和I型花岗岩, 但目前人们对该区印支期强过铝质花岗岩尚未有深入的研究.松潘造山带马尔康花岗岩属于强过铝质花岗岩(A/CNK=1.10~1.20), 其岩石类型主要为中粒二云母花岗岩和中细粒二云母花岗岩.利用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年方法, 获得中粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为208±2Ma, 中细粒二云母花岗岩的岩浆结晶年龄为200±2Ma.马尔康强过铝质花岗岩K2O/Na2O=1.13~1.75, 富Rb、Th和U, 贫Sr、Ba、Co和Ni等元素; 稀土元素组成上显示存在强到中等的负Eu异常(Eu/Eu*=0.15~0.65);全岩初始87Sr/86Sr比值(ISr) 为0.70712~0.71137, εNd (t) =-10.36~-8.43, 锆石εHf (t) =-11.8~-1.1.地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成一致表明, 它们的岩浆来自于地壳物质的部分熔融, 其中中粒二云母花岗岩的源岩类型主要为地壳中的泥质岩类, 而中细粒二云母花岗岩的源岩主要为地壳中的杂砂岩类.结合松潘带的地质背景、区域构造-岩浆事件及其岩浆岩的组合分析, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用可以用来解释马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成机制.在松潘带, 印支期岩石圈拆沉作用导致软流圈物质上涌, 这不仅促使了加厚下地壳物质发生部分熔融, 如松潘带印支期埃达克质和I型花岗岩浆的形成, 而且还诱发了中地壳物质的部分熔融, 如马尔康强过铝质花岗岩的形成.这表明松潘带印支期岩石圈拆沉作用已使地壳不同层次发生部分熔融作用. 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献